MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM AND CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Mangrove ecosystem has high productivity both ecologically and economically. Mangroveecosystems have the ability to store high carbon which is useful in supporting the reduction ofgreenhouse gas emissions. The results of previous studies have shown that mangroveecosystems are able to store carbon three to four times greater than terestrial forests. Most ofthe carbon are stored in the soil. Therefore, ecosystem mangroves have an important role tomitigate climate change. However, mangroves can be effective in supporting the mitigation ofcarbon dioxide emissions if mangrove deforestation rates are low. However, mangroves canstill contribute with great potential when conservation are maintained to increase future carbonstocks through restoration and prevent further emissions from deforestation. Existing data andprior research indicate that mangrove forests are threatened due to mangrove coveragereduction. This is caused by changes in land use. There are many conversions of mangrovesinto cultivation ponds, as well as conversions into agricultural land such as paddy fields andpastures, accompanied by an increase in demand for oil palm which causes land clearing. Inaddition, the population around the coastal area is increasing, resulting in the clearing ofmangrove land for infrastructure development such as road and port construction. In order toreduce the rate of mangrove deforestation, it is necessary to conserve and restore mangroves.By preserving mangrove forests, not only maintain carbon stocks for climate change mitigationbut also facilitate adaptation to climate change such as sea level rise.

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Above- and Below-Ground Carbon Sequestration in Shelterbelt Trees in Canada: A Review

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10100922 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 922 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rafaella C. Mayrinck ◽

Colin P. Laroque ◽

Beyhan Y. Amichev ◽

Ken Van Rees

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Carbon Sequestration ◽

Climate Change Mitigation ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Ghg Mitigation ◽

Mitigation Potential ◽

Sequestration Potential ◽

Below Ground ◽

Change Mitigation

Shelterbelts have been planted around the world for many reasons. Recently, due to increasing awareness of climate change risks, shelterbelt agroforestry systems have received special attention because of the environmental services they provide, including their greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation potential. This paper aims to discuss shelterbelt history in Canada, and the environmental benefits they provide, focusing on carbon sequestration potential, above- and below-ground. Shelterbelt establishment in Canada dates back to more than a century ago, when their main use was protecting the soil, farm infrastructure and livestock from the elements. As minimal-and no-till systems have become more prevalent among agricultural producers, soil has been less exposed and less vulnerable to wind erosion, so the practice of planting and maintaining shelterbelts has declined in recent decades. In addition, as farm equipment has grown in size to meet the demands of larger landowners, shelterbelts are being removed to increase efficiency and machine maneuverability in the field. This trend of shelterbelt removal prevents shelterbelt’s climate change mitigation potential to be fully achieved. For example, in the last century, shelterbelts have sequestered 4.85 Tg C in Saskatchewan. To increase our understanding of carbon sequestration by shelterbelts, in 2013, the Government of Canada launched the Agricultural Greenhouse Gases Program (AGGP). In five years, 27 million dollars were spent supporting technologies and practices to mitigate GHG release on agricultural land, including understanding shelterbelt carbon sequestration and to encourage planting on farms. All these topics are further explained in this paper as an attempt to inform and promote shelterbelts as a climate change mitigation tool on agricultural lands.

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Closing the loop on organic waste management: biochar for agricultural land application and climate change mitigation

Waste Management & Research ◽

10.1177/0734242x10370928 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 479-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Rodrigo Navia ◽

David E Crowley

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Waste Management ◽

Climate Change Mitigation ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Land Application ◽

Closing The Loop ◽

Organic Waste Management ◽

Change Mitigation

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Exploring the Potential of Nipa Palm for Ecosystem Restoration and Climate Change Mitigation, Sustainable Rural Livelihoods and Renewable Energy

10.31220/osf.io/rbhpx ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

KELOLA Sendang

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Climate Change Mitigation ◽

Rural Livelihoods ◽

Ecosystem Restoration ◽

Mangrove Forests ◽

Palm Sugar ◽

Nipa Palm ◽

Change Mitigation ◽

Sustainable Rural Livelihoods

Nypa fruiticans, commonly known as Nipa Palm, is a species of palm native to the coastlines and estuarine habitats of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. In Indonesia, nipa palm covers about 700,000 ha, while, in South Sumatra, the Nipa Palm is a natural component of mangrove forests and covers extensive areas along the coast, estuaries, and riparian zones of rivers. About half of the natural nipa palm ecosystem in South Sumatra has been disturbed by human activities and requires restoration. Since Nipa Palm can be used to produce nipa palm sugar, natural nipa palm forests have the potential to generate sustainable rural livelihoods for those living in the lowland zone. More recently, nipa palm has been identified as a potential source of renewable energy. The sugar rich sap can be used to produce ethanol, a biofuel. Because of this potential, the KELOLA Sendang Project is exploring the potential of nipa palm for ecosystem restoration and climate change mitigation, sustainable rural livelihoods and renewable energy.

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NURTURING CONSUMERS‘ GREEN PURCHASE INTENTION ON NATURAL DYES BATIK DURING CRAFT SHOPPING TOUR IN THE BATIK CITY OF PEKALONGAN INDONESIA

GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites ◽

10.30892/gtg.34124-635 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 186-192

Author(s):

Wenti Ayu SUNARJO ◽

◽

Vigory Gloriman MANALU ◽

Wiwiek Rabiatul ADAWIYAH ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Purchase Intention ◽

Climate Change Mitigation ◽

Environmentally Friendly ◽

River Pollution ◽

Mitigation Strategy ◽

Natural Dyes ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Adaptation To Climate Change ◽

Change Mitigation

Demand on eco-friendly products is burgeoning, as a form adaptation to climate change mitigation strategy. Hence, environmental issues are still considered as an emerging topic that concerns the tourism sector. Planned Behavior Theory (TPB) describes the formation of environmentally friendly behavior intentions in green purchase intentions of natural batik dyes. Data were obtained from 200 visitors who ever purchased natural dyed batik during their craft shopping tours to the city of Batik, Pekalongan Indonesia. The data were further analyzed using the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. The initial model's calculation results reveal that green subjective norm has no significant relationship on green purchase intention. Furthermore, green product knowledge and attitude positively impact green purse intention of batik products made from natural ingredients. The results showed that INELOC does not moderate the relationship between attitude (ATT) on green purchase intention. Craft shopping tour is becoming popular choice of sightseeing bundling offered by travel agents. Besides its positive value, increasing demand on the handicraft shopping also has a negative consequence on the environment. The destruction occurs as a result of rapid growth in consumption, hence, purchasing environmentally friendly products can be a way to minimize the climate change and balancing the ecosystems. Demand on eco-friendly products is burgeoning, as a form adaptation to climate change mitigation strategy. Realizing that the river pollution can endanger people's health, MSMEs have started producing batik with natural dyes. Although the number of MSMEs that produce natural dyed batik products is not high, the Pekalongan City Government is continually socialize the importance of reducing chemical waste and river pollution. These findings have important implications for marketers and policymakers of natural dye batik.

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Penguatan Ekosistem Pesisir: Monitoring dan Pembelajaran Pembangunan Alat Pemecah Ombak (APO) di Kota Semarang

Jurnal Wilayah dan Lingkungan ◽

10.14710/jwl.4.3.199-212 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 199

Author(s):

Reny Yesiana ◽

Itsna Yuni Hidayati ◽

Gunawan Wicaksono

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Mangrove Ecosystem ◽

Coastal Areas ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Sustainable Livelihood ◽

Mangrove Forests ◽

Positive Effects ◽

The Government ◽

City Construction

Climate change has become one of the causes of environmental damage and needs to be anticipated. In Indonesia, including in the Semarang City, the impact caused by climate change also occurs. Damage ponds and mangrove forests due to the erosion and sea level rise are examples of the climate change impact. The significant impact of climate change is exacerbated by the lack of public knowledge related to the threat of climate change. It significantly affects to the decreasing income of farmers. These fact underlie the Mercy Corps Indonesia in cooperation with the government of Semarang and the Bintari Foundation to develop activities aimed to strengthening the protection of coastal areas through the development of seawalls through the program named "Enhancing Coastal Community Resilience by Strengthening Mangrove Ecosystem Services and Developing Sustainable Livelihood in Semarang City". Construction of seawalls in the form of tires seawalls and Hybrid Engineering (HE) is completed in 2016. Construction of seawalls certainly has an impact on community in coastal areas. This article aims to review the monitoring and the lesson learned of seawalls construction of the development on the seawalls for the communities in coastal areas, especially in the Genuk and Tugu Sub-district. The methods used in this study is a mix method research by descriptive approach so that the study is more emphasis on the analysis of the measurable facts the description, which supported by information unearthed in the community through interviews and extracting information from archives on reports that had been prepared previously containing seawalls development progress. The research results show that seawalls development provides many positive effects for the community, so that they consciously perform maintenance independently for the positive impact they can receive for the long term.

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CARBON STORAGE OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM IN NORTH SULAWESI AND ITS IMPLICATIONS TO CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION ACTION

Jurnal Kelautan Nasional ◽

10.15578/jkn.v14i2.7711 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Terry Louise Kepel

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Carbon Storage ◽

Climate Change Mitigation ◽

Action Plan ◽

Mangrove Ecosystem ◽

Coastal Forests ◽

Average Value ◽

North Sulawesi ◽

Mangrove Ecosystems ◽

Change Mitigation

North Sulawesi is one of the provinces that implements national / regional action plan (RAN / RAD) policies as part of a national effort to climate change mitigation. One of the land-based mitigation activities in North Sulawesi is to measure and monitore biomass and carbon stocks in forests including coastal forests where the measurement area is still limited. In 2013-2015, Blue Carbon Research Group conducted research in four locations in North Sulawesi, which aims to analyze the ecological conditions and the ability of coastal ecosystems, especially mangrove in sequestering carbon. Study sites situated in Ratatotok - Southeast Minahasa Regency, Kema - North Minahasa Regency, Lembeh Island – Bitung City and Sangihe Island – Sangihe Regency. A total of 17 species identified where B. gymnorrhiza, R. mucronata and S. alba found in all locations. Species diversity ranges from low to moderate, where species distribution is uneven. Carbon storage capacity is equal to 343.85 Mg C ha-1 in Ratatotok, 254,35 Mg C ha-1 in Lembeh, 387,95 Mg C ha-1 in Kema and 594,83 Mg C ha-1 in Sangihe. More than 59% of carbon storage are in the sediment. The average value of carbon storage in the four research sites is 456,86 Mg C ha-1 or 5,70 Tg C after converted to a total area of mangrove ecosystems in North Sulawesi. The value is equal to absorption of atmospheric CO2 by 20.70 Tg CO2e. Potential emission due to changes in mangrove conversion reach 0.42 Tg CO2e. Efforts to increase the contribution of reducing North Sulawesi emissions can be achieved by implementing emission reduction interventions through the rehabilitation and conservation of mangrove ecosystems.

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The effects of seaward distance on above and below ground carbon stocks in estuarine mangrove ecosystems

10.21203/rs.3.rs-26211/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Georgia de Jong Cleyndert ◽

Aida Cuni-Sanchez ◽

Hamidu A Seki ◽

Deo D Shirima ◽

Pantaleo K.T. Munishi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Change Mitigation ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Carbon Stocks ◽

Mangrove Forests ◽

Tree Roots ◽

Mangrove Tree ◽

True Value ◽

Carbon Store ◽

Change Mitigation

Abstract Background: Mangrove forests have gained recognition for their potential role in climate change mitigation due to carbon sequestration in live trees, and carbon storage in the sediments trapped by mangrove tree roots and pneumatophores. Africa hosts about 19% of the world’s mangroves, yet relatively few studies have examined the carbon stocks of African mangroves. The available studies report considerable differences among sites and amongst the different pools of carbon stocks. None considered the effects of seaward distance. We present details of AGC and SOC carbon stocks for Lindi in Tanzania, and focus on how these values differ with increasing seaward distance and, how our results compare to those reported elsewhere across Africa.Results: AGC ranged between 11-55Mg C ha-1, but was not significantly affected by seaward distance. SOC for 0-1m depth ranged from 154-484, with a mean of 302 Mg C ha-1. SOC was significantly negatively correlated with seaward distance. Mangrove type (estuarine/oceanic), soil erosion, soil depth may explain these differences We note important methodological differences in previous studies on carbon stocks in mangroves in Africa. Conclusion:This study indicates that seaward distance has an important effect on SOC stocks in the Lindi region of Tanzania. SOC should be fully incorporated into national climate change mitigation policies. Studies should report seaward distance and to describe the type of mangrove stand to make results easily comparable across sites and to assess the true value of Blue Carbon in Africa. We recommend focusing on trees >10cm diameter for AGC, and sampling soils to at least 1m depth for SOC, which would provide a more complete assessment of the potentially considerable mangrove carbon store.

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Developing indicators to assess climate change adaptable in Ba ria-Vung tau province and proposed improve solutions

Science and Technology Development Journal ◽

10.32508/stdj.v19i2.722 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 109-121

Author(s):

Dung Minh Ho ◽

Nhan Ai Hoang ◽

Ly Dinh Che

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Average Level ◽

Adaptation Period ◽

Mangrove Forests ◽

Adaptation To Climate Change ◽

Provincial Level ◽

Assess Climate Change ◽

Adaptation Index

With the target of research is assess and classify the ability to adapt climate change for districts of Ba Ria-VungTau (BR-VT) province and proposed improve solutions, the authors used MCA, Entropy weighting and SAW methods to evaluate and achieve the results as follows: Developing indicators to assess climate change adaptable in BR-VT province includes 12 topics and 24 indicators corresponding to the provincial level. And adaptation indicators for the districts, including 9 topics and 16 indicators. The indicators belongs to two main groups to assess the vulnerability and adaptable to climate change; The results were evaluated by the provincial level adaptation period 2009 - 2012 shows that adaptation index has increased over the years and reached an average level of adaptation (52 points) for climate change and fluctuation of adaptation index is from 50.97 to 52.96; The adaptation index of the districts is low. Ba Ria city has the highest adaptation index 57.61 points – at average level, follows by Vung Tau city. The lowest is 49.29 points in Chau Duc district. Besides, authors proposing solutions to improve adaptation to climate change as the solution to landslide coast control, land erosion, maintain and development of coastal mangrove forests of the province and propose rice variety can adapt to saline aluma and get yield stable.

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Local scale climate change mitigation through mangrove revegetation on the south coast of Lombok island

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/913/1/012052 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 913 (1) ◽

pp. 012052

Author(s):

A A Idrus ◽

A Syukur ◽

L H N Zohri ◽

Zulhalifah ◽

J Aulia

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Change Mitigation ◽

Local Scale ◽

Mangrove Forests ◽

Social Data ◽

Essential Value ◽

Sonneratia Alba ◽

Study Results ◽

Mangrove Vegetation ◽

Change Mitigation

Abstract The mangrove vegetation in the coastal environment has a vital role, especially as a regulation for CO2 and O2 gas exchange. Mangrove revegetation has significant relevance for local-scale climate change mitigation. This study aims to assess and describe the success of mangrove revegetation in mitigating climate change at a local scale. Ecological data research methods are through surveys, observations and transect methods. Furthermore, the collection of social data through surveys, interviews, questionnaires, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). Meanwhile, the research data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis, and analysis of the mangrove vegetation structure through frequency, density, cover, and essential value index analyses. The study results found seven types of mangroves, namely Sonneratia alba, Rhizophora stylosa, Rhizophora apiculata, Avicennia marina, Bruguira gymnoryzha, Lumnitzara racemosa, and Ceriops tagal. Sonneratia alba and Rizoporastylosaare species with the highest importance value of 194.04 where S. alba found Poton Bako and R. Stylosa found in Tanjung Luar. As for social data and knowledge, people in areas with a distance of 0-50 meters from mangrove forest have a better understanding than people living in areas with an average percentage value perspective of 52 %. Then, most respondents agreed that mangroves could prevent abrasion and reduce heat temperatures, with the percentage of respondents responding more than 41 % and 61 %, respectively in all locations. Based on the essential value index and respondents’ perceptions, it can be concluded that the Sonneratia alba and Rizopora Stylosa are species that have the highest ecological function because they have good adaptability in the coastal areas of South Lombok making them suitable as species for revegetation programs in South Lombok, and for the next revegetation program should be involving people who are close to mangrove forests because they are the ones who know and feel the benefits of mangrove forests.

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The Cambodian Mekong floodplain under the future development plans and climate change

10.5194/nhess-2021-65 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sokchhay Heng ◽

Alexander Horton ◽

Panha Hok ◽

Sarit Chung ◽

Jorma Koponen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Water Discharge ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Infrastructure Development ◽

Wet Season ◽

Cumulative Impact ◽

Cumulative Impact Assessment ◽

Lower Mekong Basin ◽

Negative Impacts

Abstract. Water infrastructure development is crucial for driving economic growth in the developing countries of the Mekong. Yet it may also alter existing hydrological and flood conditions, with serious implications for water management, agricultural production and ecosystem services, especially in the floodplain regions. Our current understanding of the hydrological and flood pattern changes associated with infrastructural development still contain several knowledge gaps, such as the consideration of overlooked prospective drivers, and the interactions between multiple drivers. This research attempts to conduct a cumulative impact assessment of flood changes in the Cambodian part of the Mekong floodplains. The developmental activity of six central sectors (hydropower, irrigation, navigation, flood protection, agricultural land use and water use) as well as climate change were considered in our modelling analysis. Our results show that the monthly, sub-seasonal, and seasonal hydrological regimes will be subject to substantial alterations under the 2020 planned development scenario, and even larger alterations under the 2040 planned development scenario. The degree of hydrological alteration under the 2040 planned development is somewhat counteracted by the effect of climate change, as well as the removal of mainstream dams in the Lower Mekong Basin and hydropower mitigation investments. The likely impact of decreasing water discharge in the early wet season (up to −34 %) will pose a critical challenge to rice production, whereas the likely increase in water discharge in the mid-dry season (up to +54 %) indicates improved water availability for coping with drought stresses and sustaining environmental flow. At the same time, these changes would have drastic impacts on total flood extent, which is projected to decline up to −18 %, having potentially negative impacts on floodplain productivity whilst at the same time reducing the flood risk to the area. Our findings urge the timely establishment of adaptation and mitigation strategies to manage such future environmental alterations in a sustainable manner.

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