scholarly journals Specific characteristics of rapid diagnosis in periodontology

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-203
Author(s):  
S. P. Rubnikovich ◽  
L. N. Dedova ◽  
P. A. Semizhon ◽  
Yu. L. Denisova ◽  
O. V. Kandrukevich
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treponema Denticola ◽  
Microbiological Diagnosis ◽  
Laboratory Measures

Currently, the advanced studies have been justified and implemented in the Republic of Belarus that enable the production and a practical use of a domestic rapid test and allow dentists to apply microbiological diagnosis methods.The objective of the study was to develop a domestic rapid test for periodontology, indicating the procedure for preparatory clinical and laboratory measures using PCR and trypsin-like activity of periopathogenic microflora (Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus)Dental examination was performed in 60 patients with clinical signs of generalized periodontitis and a 5‒6 mm deep pathological dentogingival pocket (PDGP), aged 35–44 (the main group), and 140 patients without signs of periodontal diseases, aged 20–24 (the control group). These patients were selected among the visitors of Chair No. 3 of the Belarusian State Medical University. The laboratory diagnosis was made using PCR and evaluating the trypsin-like activity of periopathogenic microflora.The algorithm of preparatory clinical and laboratory measures was suggested for diagnosis of periodontal diseases, including material sampling and identification of periopathogenic microorganisms in the sample using a biochemical method; sampling, preservation and storage of material for quantitative PRC testing; and the identification of the genetic material of periopathogenic microorganisms by means of a real-time quantitative PRC method.The basic principles of microbiological diagnosis in periodontology enable making a true diagnosis, planning treatment and assessing the treatment results.We examined the content of the gingival sulcus and/or the periodontal pocket in patients who have periodontal diseases. It was noted that the most rational tools for removing the periodontal pocket content in patients with periodontal diseases was a paper pin.The development of a domestic express test in periodontology demonstrated the need of preparatory clinical and laboratory activities using PCR and trypsin-like activity of periopathogenic microflora (Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus).

scholarly journals Eugenia uniflora Dentifrice for Treating Gingivitis in Children: Antibacterial Assay and Randomized Clinical Trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa de Carvalho Jovito ◽  
Irlan Almeida Freires ◽  
Danilo Augusto de Holanda Ferreira ◽  
Marçal de Queiroz Paulo ◽  
Ricardo Dias de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eugenia Uniflora ◽  
Gingival Bleeding ◽  
And Control

Abstract School-age children are frequently at high risk for the onset of biofilm-dependent conditions, including dental caries and periodontal diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a dentifrice containing Eugenia uniflora Linn. (Surinam cherry) extract versus a triclosan-based comparator in treating gingivitis in children aged 10-12 years. The in vitro antibacterial potential of the dentifrice was tested against oral pathogens (Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis and Lactobacillus casei). Then a phase-II clinical trial was conducted with 50 subjects aged 10-12 years, with clinical signs of gingivitis. The subjects were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=25) and control group (n=25), in which participants used the experimental dentifrice and a triclosan-based fluoridated dentifrice (Colgate Total 12(r)), respectively. Clinical examinations assessed the presence of gingivitis (primary outcome) and biofilm accumulation (secondary outcome) using the Gingival-Bleeding Index (GBI) and Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), respectively, at baseline and after seven days of tooth brushing 3x/day. The data were analyzed using paired and unpaired t-test (GBI) and Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney (OHI-S), with p≤0.05. The experimental dentifrice showed efficient antibacterial activity in vitro. In the clinical trial, a significant reduction in gingival bleeding was observed in both experimental and control groups (p<0.0001), with no statistical difference between them (p=0.178), although a small size effect was observed. Biofilm accumulation was only reduced in the control group (p=0.0039). In conclusion, E. uniflora dentifrice showed anti-gingivitis properties in children aged 10-12 years. Thus, it may be a potentially efficient and safe product to be used alternatively in preventive dental practice

scholarly journals METHOD FOR TREATING CHRONIC GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS OF LIGHT AND MEDIUM GRAPES

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Karen Karakov ◽  
Emilia Khachaturyan ◽  
Marat Uzdenov ◽  
Laura Uzdenoba ◽  
Nelli Vanchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Treatment Regimen ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Moderate Severity ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Complex Therapy

Subject. The article presents the data of a comparative analysis of the traditional method of treating chronic generalized periodontitis of mild to moderate severity and with the use of periodontal dressings in combination with an antibacterial photodynamic system. The goal is to study the effectiveness of the methodology of complex therapy for the treatment of periodontal diseases using periodontal dressings and antibacterial photodynamic therapy. Methodology. We observed 120 patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases aged 18 to 55 years (men ― 52, women ― 68), who were divided into the control and main groups. In the control group, treatment was carried out according to the traditional scheme of drug therapy, in the main ― according to the method of complex therapy. The treatment regimen according to this technique included the use of periodontal dressings and an antibacterial photodynamic therapy system: photosynthesis was applied to the affected area of the periodontal pocket, after which the pathogenic microorganisms were stained for 1-3 minutes, then the liquid was thoroughly washed from the periodontal pockets and the laser affected the affected area for 60 seconds. Results. The proposed treatment regimen using an antibacterial photodynamic system in combination with periodontal dressings allows to achieve a pronounced and prolonged anti-inflammatory effect in periodontal tissues without local and systemic use of antibiotics, reduces treatment time for mild periodontitis by 29, average ― by 57 %, reduces the likelihood recurrence, lengthens the duration of remission. Findings. The use of complex treatment of periodontitis of mild to moderate severity allows the method to accelerate the restoration of periodontal tissues, relieve inflammation, saturate the tissues with oxygen, reduce the rate of relapse by 2.6 times and reduce the duration of relapse of this disease within 24 months. Our data allow us to implement this treatment regimen in practical healthcare.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF PREVALENCE OF MAIN PERIODONTAL PATHOGENS AT WORKERS OF PETROCHEMICAL PRODUCTION WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTAL DISEASES

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Искандер Зайдуллин ◽  
Iskander Zaydullin ◽  
Денис Каримов ◽  
Denis Karimov ◽  
Миляуша Кабирова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Production Factors

Background. Periodontitis is a complex, multifactorial inflammatory disease. The prevalence in the adult population is 80-98%. The onset of the disease and the progression of the inflammatory process is associated with the colonization of the subgingival tooth surface with parodontopathogenic microorganisms. Objectives. The purpose is to study the prevalence of five oral microbes in subgingival plaque samples: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Treponema denticola (Td), Prevotella intermedia (Pi) in oil and gas industry employees with chronic periodontitis and identify the presence connection between the clinical manifestations of periodontitis and the microbial profile of periodontal pockets. Methods. The study of periodontal microbiota was carried out in 32 workers in oil and gas industry employees with chronic periodontitis and in 32 patients with chronic periodontitis diagnosed not working in this field. Genomic DNA was extracted and 5 bacterial species were detected using the polymerase chain reaction. Results. Oil and gas industry employees with chronic periodontitis have their own flow peculiarities associated with the systematic influence of production factors. The most prevalent microorganism is Pg (77%), the presence of which is significantly associated with an increase in the depth of the periodontal pocket (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and an increase in the bleeding on probing (BOP). The pathogenic effect was manifested in the presence of the following microorganisms - the formation of the periodontal pocket in combination of Tf and Td, Tf and Pi, CAL level - Tf and Td, increased BOP index - Pg and Tf. Conclusions. As a result of the study, a connection was established between the red and orange complex bacteria with the clinical signs of chronic periodontitis. There was no significant association between age, smoking and the clinic of chronic periodontitis. Significant impact on the development of inflammatory periodontal diseases in oil and gas industry employees have harmful production factors.

scholarly journals Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of a Novel Host-Modulatory Therapy for Reducing Gingival Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatice Hasturk ◽  
Fabian Schulte ◽  
Melissa Martins ◽  
Homa Sherzai ◽  
Constantinos Floros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Lipid Mediator ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gingival Inflammation ◽  
Lipoxin A4 ◽  
Resolution Of Inflammation ◽  
Oral Rinse

BackgroundPeriodontal disease is among the sixth most common inflammatory diseases worldwide with high risk to promote complications from other inflammatory diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer’s Disease. Failure of active resolution of inflammation pathways is implicated in pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, including gingivitis. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4), a member of the specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) that drive resolution of inflammation via GPC-receptor mediated pathways, offered therapeutic advantages in preclinical models of periodontitis.MethodsWe conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group Phase 1 clinical trial to determine the safety and preliminary efficacy of an LXA4 analog in patients with gingival inflammation. One hundred twenty-seven (127) individuals were randomized to daily use of an oral rinse containing a LXA4 mimetic, methyl ester-benzo-lipoxin A4 (BLXA4), placebo rinse or a no-rinse control group for 28 days. Treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were assessed for safety, the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included the change in the level of gingival inflammation and periodontal pocket depth (PD). Serum SPMs were monitored using targeted lipid mediator lipidomics to assess potential systemic impact of BLXA4.ResultsThe frequency of TEAEs was similar in BLXA4 and placebo-treated groups with no study-related SAEs. Once-daily rinsing with BLXA4 for 28-days resulted in a greater decrease in gingival inflammation compared to placebo rinse and no-rinse control groups (mean change: 0.26 GI unit vs 0.21 and 0.17, respectively). PD reduction was also greater with BLXA4 oral rinse compared to placebo and no-rinse groups (mean reduction: 1.23 mm vs. 0.71 mm and 0.46 mm, respectively). Topical application of BLXA4 increased serum levels of SPMs.ConclusionTreatment with BLXA4 reduces local inflammation, and increases abundance of pro-resolution molecules systemically, which may dampen inflammation that can mediate progression and course of inflammatory diseases beyond periodontitis.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier (NCT02342691).

scholarly journals Comprehensive treatment of dogs with chronic generalized periodontitis in remission

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (98) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
N. M. Khomyn ◽  
A. R. Mysak ◽  
S. V. Tsisinska ◽  
V. V. Pritsak ◽  
N. V. Nazaruk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Dental Diseases ◽  
Hydrochloride Solution ◽  
Experimental Group

It is known that periodontal diseases are a significant part of dental diseases in dogs. Chronic generalized periodontitis deserves the most attention. The disease develops slowly, beginning without visible clinical signs, but later, a combination of certain favorable etiological factors can lead to the loss of the animal's teeth, indigestion, metabolism with serious consequences for the dog. Therefore, the search of the features of the disease and the development of tactics for effective treatment of periodontally ill animals is relevant for modern veterinary dentistry. The aim of the work was to study the features of the course of chronic generalized periodontitis in remission in dogs and to develop tactics for rational treatment of periodontally ill animals. For the study, two groups of animals with chronic generalized periodontitis were formed in remission with 5 dogs in each (control and experimental), selected on the principle of analogues in terms of age and nature of the pathological process. Searches have shown that in chronic generalized periodontitis in remission in dogs there is an increase in the number of pathogenic microflora in the biotopes of the oral cavity, increasing the activity of acid phosphatase, increasing the protein concentration by reducing the content of lysozyme in the oral fluid. It was found that the dogs of the experimental group, after removal of tartar and rehabilitation of the oral cavity, were treated by using to the gums of ceftriaxone, diluted in 1% lidocaine hydrochloride solution in combination with 30 % dimexid solution 1 time per day for 7 days, anfluron injecteed intramuscularly at the rate of 1 ml 1 time per day for 7 days and caforsen – 0.1 ml/kg per day for 4 weeks. The treatment contributed to the recovery of dogs for 10 days, which is 8 days faster than in the control group.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE EXAMINATION OF QUANTITATIVE AND SPECIFIC STRUCTURE OF YEAST FUNGI OF THE CANDIDA GENUS CONSIDERING PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS OF VARYING SEVERITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
G. V. Volchenkova ◽  
S. V. Kiryushenkova ◽  
A. I. Nikolaev ◽  
V. R. Shashmurina ◽  
L. I. Devlikanova
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Yeast Fungi ◽  
Comparative Examination

Background: Periodontitis is a major reason of tooth loss in people of middle and older age groups that requires more attention of researchers to the problems of etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy of the disease. Currently, the interaction of the microbial content of dental plaque and local tissue response is considered to be the main reason for the development of inflammatory periodontal diseases. At the same time, Russian and foreign researchers mark a high frequency of so-called torpid or resistant to antimicrobial therapy forms of periodontitis.Aim: To study the specific and quantitative composition of a fungi of the Candida genus in the contents of periodontal pockets of patients with varying severity of chronic generalized periodontitis.Materials and methods: A non-randomized non-controlled retrospective research was conducted. We studied the main clinical and radiological indicators of periodontal status and its contamination with fungi of the Candida genus in people with mild, moderate, or severe chronic periodontitis.Results: Research participants enrolled in four groups: 1–3 groups included patients with chronic generalized light, medium and heavy periodontitis; group 4 included twenty-five subjects with no signs of periodontal disease. Among the examined patients from the control group, the frequency allocation of Candida from the contents of the gingival sulcus was 9.09%, patients with periodontal pathology of periodontal pockets ― 64.91%. High contamination with fungal flora (more than 6.0 CFU / mL) was observed in all patients with chronic periodontitis. Total allocated 40 strains of Candida with a predominance of Candida albicans.Conclusions: The results of microbiological research confirmed an increase of contamination of periodontal with fungi of the Candida genus in patients with periodontitis if compared with healthy people. The degree of the contamination with fungi of the Candida genus decreased with increasing severity of periodontitis. It can be assumed that the presence of Candida fungi in the periodontal pocket can be considered as a possible component of the etiology of chronic periodontitis and as a factor aggravating it.

scholarly journals Optimization of antibacterial therapy in patients with endo-periodontal lesions

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
R. A. Saleev ◽  
S. L. Blashkova ◽  
E. V. Krikun ◽  
G. T. Saleeva ◽  
J. V. Blashkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diode Laser ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Technological Effectiveness

To improve the quality and effectiveness of medical care for patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases, it is necessary to search for new approaches in both diagnosis and treatment. The aim of our study is to determine the effect of the diode laser on the pathogenic microflora of periodontal pockets and root canals in patients with endo-periodontal lesions (EPL). We carried out a comparative assessment of the bacterial contents of the root canals and periodontal pockets by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) before and after treatment with a diode laser (Doctor Smile Simpler, wavelength 980 nm) for 54 patients with EPL. The control group consisted of 56 patients who were treated according to the generally accepted method, including professional oral hygiene, endodontic treatment, and curettage of periodontal pockets. Evaluation criteria were a qualitative assessment of the content of periodontopathogens in the root canal and periodontal pocket before and after and treatment. As a result of our study, we found a statistically significant (p<0.01) reduction in the colonization of periodontal pockets and root canals in patients with EPL after laser decontamination. The high technological effectiveness of the methods used in combination with the low risk of complications at the stages of endodontic and periodontological treatment provides an antibacterial effect and reduces the duration of inflammation. The results of treatment of patients using a diode laser give reason to recommend their use in the dental practice.

scholarly journals Study of the correlation between the clinical manifestations of the inflammatory periodontal diseases and the microbiome of periodontal pathogenic microflora in young representatives of a mixed population of the European region

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-444
Author(s):  
E. A. Tikhomirova ◽  
I. V. Zudina ◽  
E. S. Slazhneva ◽  
L. Yu. Orekhova ◽  
Yu. L. Denisova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Purulent Discharge ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Pd Complexes

The age of inflammatory periodontal disease (PD) manifestations has tended to decrease over the past decades. The study of the range of periodontal pathogens in young people and their influence on the PD manifestation contributes to the predictor identification for the early prevention of this pathology.The aim was to study the correlation between the range of periodontal pathogens in the dentoalveolar sulcus/periodontal pocket (DS/PC) contents and the clinical PD manifestations in young people.We examined 28 patients (23.1 ± 0.93 years) with dental biofilm-induced gingivitis (BG), 24 patients (30.7 ± 0.6 years) with aggressive periodontitis (AgP), and 87 clinically periodontally healthy patients (21.1 ± 0.49 years) (Control). The hygiene index and the periodontal status were determined in all patients. DNA of five periodontal pathogens was identified by PCR in the DS/PC contents. The statistical analysis was performed in Statistica 13.3. The critical significance level was p ≤ 0.05.DNA was not observed in 60.9 % of the control group samples and 7.1 % of the BG group samples. In other cases, the bacteria were found separately and as part of bacterial complexes. P.g. and T.f. were most often detected in all groups. P.g. (U = 474, р < 0.01) and A.a. (U = 209, р >< 0.05) significantly contributed to the plaque formation in the control group, T.d. – in BG and AgP groups (U = 37.5, р >< 0.05 and U = 34, р >< 0.05, respectively). In the AgP group, purulent discharge was more often recorded if T.d. was detected in the PC contents (χ2  = 5.53, р >< 0.05). T.f. + P.i. and P.g. + T.f. + P.i. complexes were exclusively associated with PD. Complexes of four bacteria were found only in the AgP group. The association of periodontal pathogens and their complexes with different PD forms was revealed.>< 0.01) and A.a. (U = 209, р <0.05) significantly contributed to the plaque formation in the control group, T.d. – in BG and AgP groups (U = 37.5, р <0.05 and U = 34, р <0.05, respectively). In the AgP group, purulent discharge was more often recorded if T.d. was detected in the PC contents (χ2  = 5.53, р <0.05). T.f. + P.i. and P.g. + T.f. + P.i. complexes were exclusively associated with PD. Complexes of four bacteria were found only in the AgP group.The association of periodontal pathogens and their complexes with different PD forms was revealed.

Genomic composition of microbiol gingival sulcus and periodontal pockets in young persons

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
S. L. S.L. Blashkova ◽  
T. N. Modina ◽  
A. K. Abdrakhmanov ◽  
D. A. Zinecker ◽  
E. V. Mamaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young People ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Republic

Relevance. Risk factors of local importance plays a crucial role in the development of inflammatory periodontal diseases, but the profile of representation and the role of origin microbial markers continues to be refined, what explains the increasing interest by the metagenomic studies. Purpose. To compare the genomic composition of the microbiota of the periodontal sulcus and periodontal pocket by healthy patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases living on the territory of Kazan, the Republic of Tatarstan. Materials and methods. The study included 25 young people (11 boys, 14 girls) aged 18-19 years, with inflammatory periodontal diseases (chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis (12 people), chronic generalized periodontitis of mild severity (13 people)). The control group consisted of 11 donors without inflammatory periodontal disease.Results. In the present study structures of microbial communities of periodontal spaces has been analyzed with using the sequencing of fragments of bacterial 16s rRNA genes (regions V3 and V4). Results of the analysis allowed to get a real idea of its composition and to determine both known and previously undefined uncultivated phylotypes. Conclusions. It was shown that in the group of the patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases there were identified 183 phylotypes at the level of genus (Mogibacteriacea, TM7 3, Rs–045, Dethiosulfovibrionaceae) relating to 17 phyls (phylum), that is a synonym of type in taxonomy (taxon between Kingdom and class). By the patients with chronic generalized periodontitis of mild severity, it was not possible to reliably isolate the phylotypes present in increased amounts in relation to chronic catarrhal gingivitis; in relation to control – there was a statistically significant increase in the proportion of families Porphyromonadaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae and the proportion of genera Dialister, Filifactor, Parvimonas, Tannerella, Treponema. 

scholarly journals A case-controlled study of Dientamoeba fragilis infections in children

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 138 (7) ◽  
pp. 819-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. BANIK ◽  
J. L. N. BARRATT ◽  
D. MARRIOTT ◽  
J. HARKNESS ◽  
J. T. ELLIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complete Resolution ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Dientamoeba Fragilis

SUMMARYDientamoeba fragilis is a pathogenic protozoan parasite that is implicated as a cause of human diarrhoea. A case-controlled study was conducted to determine the clinical signs associated with D. fragilis infection in children presenting to a Sydney Hospital. Treatment options are also discussed. Stool specimens were collected from children aged 15 years or younger and analysed for the presence of D. fragilis. In total, 41 children were included in the study along with a control group. Laboratory diagnosis was performed by microscopy of permanently stained, fixed faecal smears and by real-time PCR. Gastrointestinal symptoms were present in 40/41 (98%) of these children with dientamoebiasis, with diarrhoea (71%) and abdominal pain (29%) the most common clinical signs. Chronic gastrointestinal symptoms were present in 2% of cases. The most common anti-microbial used for treatment was metronidazole (n=41), with complete resolution of symptoms and clearance of parasite occurring in 85% of cases. A treatment failure rate occurred in 15% of those treated with metronidazole. Follow-up treatment comprised of an additional course of metronidazole or iodoquinol was needed in order to achieve complete resolution of infection and symptoms in this group. This study demonstrates the pathogenic potential of D. fragilis in children and as such it is recommended that all laboratories must routinely test for this organism and treat if detected.

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