scholarly journals Conditions and factors of efficient integration of AIC of Belarus into the global food trading system

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-431
Author(s):  
A. V. Pilipuk
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Food System ◽  
World Market ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Trading System ◽  
The World ◽  
Efficient Integration ◽  
Global Food

On the background of intensive development of world trade in agricultural products and foodstuffs,Belarusis increasingly entering the system of international division of labor, occupying a fairly significant place in the world ranking of the leading countries. In turn, it stimulates the domestic agricultural industry to develop in the dynamic rhythm of the world market and constantly adapt to evolution of the international trading system. Participation of the republic in regional integration communities, such as the Eurasian Economic Union and theUnionStateofBelarusandRussia, is one of the areas for achieving sustainable development of AIC. In this regard, the issues of studying the conditions and factors of efficient integration of AIC into the global food trade system acquire particular relevance. The paper highlights the major conditions for functioning of the global food system over the shorter and longer term. It has been substantiated that sustainability of integration ofBelarusinto the global food market was determined by the following factors: stability of international competitiveness of Belarusian foodstuff, export specialization in products of animal origin, significant part of trade with theRussian Federation, favorable conditions for development of agricultural business, etc. Advantages of large-scale production and the role of large integrated agricultural holdings in formation of Belarusian transnational corporations of agrarian profile have been reflected, the main forms of efficient interaction in AIC have been considered.

scholarly journals Foreign trade of oil food complex products in the conditions of integration of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Antonyuk ◽  
T. Stupnytska ◽  
P. Antonyuk ◽  
O. Volodina
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
World Market ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Complex Products ◽  
Export Prices ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
World Markets ◽  
The World

The article examines the current tendencies of entering the oil and fat subcomplex of Ukraine intothe world markets. It has been revealed that oil crops and their products are the main export commodity inagro-food export of the state. The large scale production of the sub-complex products, with modest domesticconsumption, is first and foremost associated with successful integration into international trade. Foreigntrade thus becomes an important factor in the development of the subcomplex. Considering the complexityand multidimensionality of the problem, the main segments of the market - oilseeds, oils and oilcake - arehighlighted in the research. On the basis of statistical data, the analysis of export volumes, dynamics, position on the world market and opportunities for their strengthening were made. It has been established thatUkraine, as a powerful producer and active participant in the world market, influences, to some extent, theexcess of world production over consumption of oil and products of their processing, which leads to a decrease in export prices and, as a consequence, to a loss of export earnings of domestic exporters. The studysubstantiates the need to improve the structure of production of oilseeds, the balance of use of soybeansand rapeseed, constant monitoring of the situation in foreign markets.

scholarly journals TRADE POLICY RESPONSES TO THE CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES OF THE GLOBAL MARKET

2020 ◽  
pp. 218-224
Author(s):  
LELA JAMAGIDZE
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
World Market ◽  
Regional Trade Agreements ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Trading System ◽  
The World ◽  
The Eu

The present paper discusses several new trends in the global trade such as digitalization of trade, regional trade agreements and the emergence of new global players. Based on theoretical research and the study of the available secondary statistical data it analyzes how trade policy can address these changes under the existing world trading system. Trade rules underlying the traditional trading system are still applicable under increasing digital trade and enhanced bilateral and regional trade integration. However, WTO Agreement has nothing to do with those barriers of trade that go beyond traditional trade measures and are very acute for the developing countries. They involve access to the Internet and other telecommunication infrastructure, weak formal institutions and legal protection, lack of awareness about the potential benefits and opportunities in digital trade and lack of IT literacy. In order to overcome these barriers developing countries should incorporate trade policy as a component of deep economic reforms. The pace of development of the multilateral trading rules is slower than required by increasingly flexible business models. Therefore, countries try to find solutions at the bilateral and plurilateral levels. For instance, the EU develops regulations under Digital Single Market as well as within its bilateral trade agreements with non-member states. Georgia is implementing digital economy regulations in accordance to its DCFTA with the EU. Access to information and communication technologies is essential to be engaged in digital trade. For developing countries investments in digital infrastructure is an important policy issue, while developed countries are more focused on balanced trade rules, which ensure the development of digital trade, on the one hand and security and data protection, on the other. Contemporary trade policy goes beyond regulation based on classical trade instruments. It encompasses regulation within regional trade and investment agreements, technical standards and other behind-the-border measures, regulation of services and intellectual property markets and support for sustainable development goals, etc. A large part of the contemporary regional trade agreements covers all these areas. Development of bilateral and regional cooperation by encouraging deep integration can be discussed as an effort to overcome inflexibilities of the multilateral system. Regional integration enables countries to develop selective approach towards their trade partners and maintain certain degree of autonomy by applying different trade rules towards different partners. Elimination of behind the border barriers and enhanced regulatory harmonization leads to reduced trade costs but it also leads to race to the bottom in regulatory facilitation, what might be detrimental to the national policy goals. The effects of deep economic integration cannot be assessed based on the traditional approach of trade creation and trade diversion, because integration as an institutional process affects not only trade flows but also economic and institutional development levels of the countries. Deep regional integration reduces institutional differences within regions and increases them across regions. Besides it, the increasing role of BRICs countries in international trade leads to greater diversity of actors in the world market. New global players ask for greater voice in the process of reforming trade rules. Therefore, global trade rules should reflect the diversity that comes from changes in the patterns as well as the main players of the world market

scholarly journals TRADE POLICY RESPONSES TO THE CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES OF THE GLOBAL MARKET

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
LELA JAMAGIDZE
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
World Market ◽  
Regional Trade Agreements ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Trading System ◽  
The World ◽  
The Eu

The present paper discusses several new trends in the global trade such as digitalization of trade, regional trade agreements and the emergence of new global players. Based on theoretical research and the study of the available secondary statistical data it analyzes how trade policy can address these changes under the existing world trading system. Trade rules underlying the traditional trading system are still applicable under increasing digital trade and enhanced bilateral and regional trade integration. However, WTO Agreement has nothing to do with those barriers of trade that go beyond traditional trade measures and are very acute for the developing countries. They involve access to the Internet and other telecommunication infrastructure, weak formal institutions and legal protection, lack of awareness about the potential benefits and opportunities in digital trade and lack of IT literacy. In order to overcome these barriers developing countries should incorporate trade policy as a component of deep economic reforms. The pace of development of the multilateral trading rules is slower than required by increasingly flexible business models. Therefore, countries try to find solutions at the bilateral and plurilateral levels. For instance, the EU develops regulations under Digital Single Market as well as within its bilateral trade agreements with non-member states. Georgia is implementing digital economy regulations in accordance to its DCFTA with the EU. Access to information and communication technologies is essential to be engaged in digital trade. For developing countries investments in digital infrastructure is an important policy issue, while developed countries are more focused on balanced trade rules, which ensure the development of digital trade, on the one hand and security and data protection, on the other. Contemporary trade policy goes beyond regulation based on classical trade instruments. It encompasses regulation within regional trade and investment agreements, technical standards and other behind-the-border measures, regulation of services and intellectual property markets and support for sustainable development goals, etc. A large part of the contemporary regional trade agreements covers all these areas. The development of bilateral and regional cooperation by encouraging deep integration can be discussed as an effort to overcome inflexibilities of the multilateral system. Regional integration enables countries to develop selective approach towards their trade partners and maintain certain degree of autonomy by applying different trade rules towards different partners. Elimination of behind the border barriers and enhanced regulatory harmonization leads to reduced trade costs, but it also leads to race to the bottom in regulatory facilitation what might be detrimental to the national policy goals. The effects of deep economic integration cannot be assessed based on the traditional approach of trade creation and trade diversion, because integration as an institutional process affects not only trade flows but also economic and institutional development levels of the countries. Deep regional integration reduces institutional differences within regions and increases them across regions. Besides it, the increasing role of BRICs countries in international trade leads to greater diversity of actors in the world market. New global players ask for greater voice in the process of reforming trade rules. Therefore, global trade rules should reflect the diversity that comes from changes in the patterns as well as the main players of the world market.

scholarly journals Impact of Strong Global Brands of Cultural Institutions on the Effective Development of Regions in the Context of the Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 01039
Author(s):  
Margarita Pashkus ◽  
Vadim Pashkus ◽  
Anna Koltsova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Value Added ◽  
World Market ◽  
Art Museums ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
The World

Research background: In the context of the coronavirus pandemic, when cultural objects were unable to function normally for a long time, their income has significantly decreased, and state support is not enough to implement strategic projects. This is due to a sharp decline in the incomes of the population of these countries and a prolonged shutdown of large- scale production, even the stagnation of entire sectors of the economy. Purpose of the article: The article is devoted to the problem of the formation of strong brands of cultural institutions, in particular, art museums and galleries and their impact on the competitiveness of the region. Methods: We use statistical, and regression methods for analysis, which are used to assess the mutual influence of traffic flows to museums and other cultural objects on the total income in the art market. Findings & Value added: The analysis showed that work on the image, strengthening the brands of cultural institutions, increasing the level of recognition in the world and close ties with recognized art-dominants in the future will allow cultural institutions to attract significant financial flows and improve their competitive position in the world market. As the scientific increment can be considered, the results of analysis the relationship between the strong brands of art museums and other cultural objects and the tourist attractiveness of their locations, as well as the mutual influence of cultural object brands on the territory’s brand. It is proposed to modify the methodology for evaluating the brand value in an art Museum or gallery.

Plantation Production and White “Proto-Slavery”: White Indentured Servants and the Colonisation of the English West Indies, 1624-1645

1985 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary McD. Beckles
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
World Market ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
African Slave ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Indentured Servants

Two dominant features of agricultural history in the English West Indies are the formation of the plantation system and the importation of large numbers of servile labourers from diverse parts of the world—Africa, Europe and Asia. In Barbados and the Leeward Islands, the backbone of early English colonisation of the New World, large plantations developed within the first decade of settlement. The effective colonisation of these islands, St. Christopher (St. Kitts) in 1624, Barbados 1627, Nevis 1628, Montserrat and Antigua 1632, was possible because of the early emergence of large plantations which were clearly designed for large scale production, and the distribution of commodities upon the world market; they were instrumental in forging an effective and profitable agrarian culture out of the unstable frontier environment of the seventeenth century Caribbean. These plantations, therefore, preceded the emergence of the sugar industry and the general use of African slave labour; they developed during the formative years when the production of tobacco, cotton and indigo dominated land use, and utilised predominatly European indentured labour. The structure of land distribution and the nature of land tenure Systems in the pre-sugar era illustrate this. Most planters who accelerated the pace of economic growth in the late 1640's and early 1650's by the production of sugar and black slave labour, already owned substantial plantations stocked with large numbers of indentured servants.

FRUIT AND BERRIES WORLD PRODUCTION AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1445-1464
Author(s):  
R.R. Mukhametzyanov ◽  
◽  
E.V. Britik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
World Market ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Global Rating ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The World

Horticulture is an important branch of agriculture with particular importance in some countries of the world. The production of fruits, berries and nuts is an important part of forming a high-grade food supply for the population in many countries, including the developing ones. Basing on the statistical data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (UN), the authors examined the change in the production volume of these products in the world as a whole for 1961-2018, as well as for the period 1992-2018 in some countries - twenty largest producers in 2018; and a number of trends were identified. In particular, it was noted that in 2018 the global gross harvest of fruits and berries increased by 4.34 times compared to 1961, while that of nuts - by 7.04 times. A deeper analysis in the context of states, which are the main producers of fruits, berries and nuts, carried out for 1922-2018, indicates that there is a change in the positions of these countries in the corresponding world ranking. The quantitative and qualitative changes we observe inevitably have a significant impact both on the volume of the world market in terms of production, and, consequently, the supply of fruit and berry products, and on the parameters of international trade in fruits, berries and nuts. Due to the fact that the Russian Federation is not among the countries - largest producers of fruit and berry products (in 2018 it was the 31st in the global rating for fruits and berries, and the 52nd for nuts), it occupies a very significant position in the world on its imports, especially on some of them. In connection with the policy of import substitution, deployed in response to sanctions from a number of Western states, some positive changes are also observed in the Russian gardening industry. However, imports in the resources of fruits and berries still amounted to 53.6% in 2018. Naturally, many types of fruit and berry products are economically inexpedient to cultivate on an industrial scale in the natural and climatic conditions of our country, but it is necessary to carry out scientifically grounded and systematic work to increase the production of relatively traditional for Russia fruit and berry plants in the large-scale commodity sector.

Safe milk and risky quinoa

Focaal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (83) ◽  
pp. 72-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid B. Stensrud
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Food System ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Irrigation Project ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Food

The neoliberal global food system has intensified the uncertainties associated with peasant farming and agrarian livelihoods around the world. This article examines processes of precarization among smallholder farmers in the Majes Irrigation Project in Peru. By discussing price volatility and uncertainty related to the “free market,” I argue that the conditions of small-scale entrepreneurial farmers today can best be understood in terms of gambling and precarity. After four decades of neoliberal deregulation, farmers in Majes describe agriculture as a “lottery” where one can win or lose everything. Despite prospects of growth and progress, most farmers rely on low-income dairy farming or contracted crops for agro-industrial corporations. The freedom to take risks in the open market entails uncertainty and often results in loss, and farmers must negotiate the ambiguous relation between autonomy and dependency.

scholarly journals Obstacles to the development of the agricultural sector of economics and ways to overcome them

2020 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 05008
Author(s):  
Alfiya Kuznetsova ◽  
Almir Askarov ◽  
Andrei Svetlakov
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
World Market ◽  
Planning System ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Manufactured Products

The article discusses the factors and problems that have a negative impact on the indicators of economic efficiency of the industry and, thus, hinder the sustainable development of rural areas, and also suggests a number of measures to overcome them. The methods of statistical data analysis and the method of aligning time series are used in the work. Large-scale production, on the one hand, entails an increase in labor productivity, and, on the other hand, generates rural unemployment. It was revealed that high-tech methods of agricultural production lead to an increase in the cost of manufactured products, both in a steady increase in prices for energy resources and concentrated feed, which increases the level of risks in the agricultural business. In addition, non-observance of the norms of crop rotation of sunflower crops on the same land plots entails damage to soil fertility. Such a strategic planning system is needed as part of the legal framework of public administration, which would create the conditions for the formation of healthy competition of manufactured products not only domestically, but also on the world market.

scholarly journals Making degrowth locally meaningful: the case of the Faroese grindadráp

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragnheiður Bogadóttir ◽  
Elisabeth Skarðhamar Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Food System ◽  
Faroe Islands ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Strategies ◽  
Economic Practices ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Food System ◽  
Food Procurement ◽  
Relational Ethic ◽  
Global Food

Abstract While the doxa of growth continues to dominate mainstream understandings of what constitutes a healthy economy, the concept and agenda of degrowth beg for theorization about how culture and power render some economic strategies more viable and meaningful than others. In this article we discuss the highly contested practice of Faroese pilot whaling, grindadráp. Through autoethnographic methods we identify and analyze forces challenging this deep-rooted practice, both within and outside Faroese society. Faroese resistance to abandon the practice, expressed in local pro-whaling narratives suggest that, in the struggle to legitimize the grindadráp as a sustainable and eco-friendly practice, Faroese people are simultaneously deconstructing central tenets of the global food system, and comparing grindadráp favorably with the injustices and cruelties of industrial food procurement. In this sense, we argue that the grindadráp not only constitutes a locally meaningful alternative to growth-dominated economic practices, but may also, in this capacity, inspire Faroese people to reduce engagement with economic activities that negatively impact the environment and perpetuate social and environmental injustices in the world. Keywords: Degrowth, whaling, Faroe Islands, relational ethic, noncapitalism.

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