Evaluation of ultraviolet-C lamps sterilization in veterinary operating theatre

Ultraviolet (UV) lamp is the simplest method for sterilizing operating theatre. This method is effective, easily operated, and does not require high cost. Furthermore, there were several studies of microorganism contamination in the air and surface at human operating theatre. However, studies in veterinary operating theatre related to the effectiveness of UV light on sterilization process is still limited, especially in Indonesia. Bacterial contamination samples were collected three times each in three different conditions: A) before surgery and without UV, B) before surgery but UV was already used, and C) after surgery and UV was already used. Samples were taken with settle plate and swab method for collecting the air and operating table contamination, respectively. One-way repeated measures ANOVA determined that there was statistically significant difference in the number of bacterial contaminations between three conditions (A, B, and C) in settle plate method (p=0.009), as well as in swab method (p=0.010). The result revealed that the UV light was effective to sterilize operating theatre, which can be seen from the significant decreases on the number of bacterial contaminations before and after the UV was used, both in settle plate and swab method. The result of this study supported the theory that the UV light can reduce the air bacterial and surface contamination at operating theatre. However, the result of microorganism contaminations in this study was still not appropriate based on the standard minimum of total bacterial in the operating theatre from The Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia. Consequently, the use of another method of sterilization at the operating theatre is still required for a better sterilization result.

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Impact of Resin Composite Viscosity and Fill-technique on Internal Gap in Class I Restorations: An OCT Evaluation

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/20-144b-l ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

KR Kantovitz ◽

LL Cabral ◽

NR Carlos ◽

AZ de Freitas ◽

DC Peruzzo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Oral Care ◽

High Viscosity ◽

Class I ◽

Low Viscosity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Internal Adaptation ◽

Internal Gap

SUMMARY The aim of this in vitro study was to quantitatively evaluate the internal gap of resin composites of high-and low-viscosity used in single- and incremental-fill techniques in Class I cavities exposed to thermal cycling (TC) using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Cavities of 4-mm depth and 3-mm diameter were prepared in 36 third molars randomly distributed into four groups, according to viscosity of restorative resin-based composite (high or low viscosity, all from 3M Oral Care) and technique application (bulk or incremental fill) used (n=9): RC, high-viscosity, incremental-fill, resin-based composite (Filtek Z350 XT Universal Restorative); BF, high-viscosity, bulk-fill, resin-based composite (Filtek One Bulk Fill); LRC, low-viscosity, incremental-fill, resin-based composite (Filtek Z350 XT Flowable Universal Restorative); and LBF, low-viscosity, bulk-fill, resin-based composite (Filtek Flowable Restorative). Single Bond Universal Adhesive system (3M Oral Care) was used in all the experimental groups. The incremental-fill technique was used for RC and LRC groups (2-mm increments), and a single-layer technique was used for BF and LBF groups, as recommended by the manufacturer. The internal adaptation of the resin at all dentin walls was evaluated before and after TC (5000 cycles between 5°C and 55°C) using OCT images. Five images of each restored tooth were obtained. Images were analyzed using ImageJ software that measured the entire length of the gaps at the dentin–restoration interface. The length of gaps (μm) was analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA and the Tukey tests (α=0.05). There was a significant interaction between material types and TC (p=0.006), and a significant difference among all material types (p<0.0001), before and after TC (p<0.0001). Increased internal gaps at the dentin–restoration interface were noticed after TC for all groups. RC presented the lowest value of internal gap before and after TC, while LBF showed the highest values of internal gap after TC. In conclusion, TC negatively affected the integrity of internal gap, whereas high-viscosity, incremental-fill, resin-based composite presented better performance in terms of internal adaptation than low-viscosity, bulk-fill materials in Class I cavities.

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Postural control and risk of falling in people who are blind: The effect and durability of perturbation and vestibular exercises

British Journal of Visual Impairment ◽

10.1177/02646196211067355 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 026461962110673

Author(s):

Yousof Moghadas Tabrizi ◽

Mohammad Hani Mansori ◽

Mohammad Karimizadeh Ardakani

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Somatosensory System ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Risk Of Falling ◽

Balance System ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Post Test ◽

Falling Risk

The aim of this study was to compare the effect and durability of perturbation and vestibular exercises on balance and the risk of falling in people with visual impairment (VI). Thirty-six men with VI were divided into three groups, including a control and two experimental (perturbation and vestibular) groups. The experimental groups performed perturbation and vestibular exercises for 4 weeks and three sessions per week. Biodex balance system was used to assess balance and falling risk before and after training interventions. To evaluate the effects within and between groups at three levels of measurement: pre-test, post-test, and durability effect between three groups, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and one-way ANOVA were used. Repeated measures ANOVA test showed that both experimental groups showed significant improvements in static balance, dynamic balance, and falling risk. In comparison between the groups, the results showed that in the post-test and durability stages, there was a significant difference between the groups and the perturbation exercise group had a greater effect on the dependent variables. Due to the effectiveness of exercises, it is recommended that people with VI pay attention to balance-based perturbation exercises to strengthen the somatosensory system and vestibular exercises to strengthen the vestibular system.

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Hearing Thresholds Changes after MRI 1.5T of Head and Neck

Radiology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2019/8756579 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maryam Bahaloo ◽

Mohammad Hossein Davari ◽

Mohammad Sobhan ◽

Seyyed Jalil Mirmohammadi ◽

Mohammad Taghi Jalalian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck ◽

High Frequency ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Hearing Threshold ◽

Significant Shift ◽

Auditory Thresholds ◽

Hearing Thresholds ◽

High Frequency Audiometry ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After

Introduction. Exposure to high intensity noise produced by MRI is a cause for concern. This study was conducted to determine the temporary and permanent effects of exposure to noise created by performing MRI on the hearing threshold of the subjects using conventional and extended high frequency audiometry. Methods. This semiexperimental study was performed on 35 patients referred to Shahid Rahnemoun Hospital for head and neck MRI due to different clinical conditions. The hearing threshold of patients was measured before, immediately after, and 24 hours after performing 1.5 Tesla MRI using conventional and extended high frequency audiometry. SPSS version 18 was used to compare the mean hearing thresholds before and after MRI using paired T test and repeated measures analysis. Results. Comparison of auditory thresholds in conventional and extended high frequencies before and immediately after MRI showed a significant shift at 4 KHz (P = 0.008 and P = 0.08 for right and left ears), 6 KHz (P = 0.03 and P = 0.01 for right and left ears), and 14 KHz (P =0.03 and P = 0.31 for right and left ears). However, there was no significant difference between audiometric thresholds before and 24 hours after MRI. Conclusion. Noise due to 1.5 Tesla MRI can only cause transient threshold shift.

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Transfer areas and clean zones in operating suites

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400041838 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 417-425 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

G. A. J. Ayliffe ◽

J. R. Babb ◽

B. J. Collins ◽

E. J. L. Lowbury

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Bacterial Contamination ◽

Operating Theatre ◽

Significant Difference ◽

High Street ◽

Operating Theatres ◽

The Mean ◽

Operating Suite ◽

Total Bacteria

SUMMARYThe value of clean zones and of transfer areas in operating suites was assessed by comparisons of the amounts of contamination on floors, trolleys and footwear in suites with and without a clean zone and a transfer area; counts of Clostridium welchii were used as an index of bacterial contamination introduced into the aseptic zone from outside.The mean counts of Cl. welchii on contact plates from the wheels of trolleys used to convey patients from wards to the operating suite (67·9 ± 7·68 per plate) were significantly higher than those from theatre trolleys (i.e. those used only inside a theatre suite provided with a transfer area) (3·13 ± 0·47 per plate); mean counts of total bacteria were only slightly lower on the wheels of theatre trolleys than on those of hospital trolleys. Other surfaces of hospital trolleys showed counts similar to those found on theatre trolleys.Contact plates from floors showed significantly lower counts of Cl. welchii in the aseptic zone and the clean zone than in the hospital corridor, the protective zone and (when present) the transfer area.The mean counts per 100 cm2 of Cl. welchii were approximately the same on the floor of a theatre with a clean zone and a transfer area (0·83) as in one with a clean zone but no transfer area (0·5). Counts of total bacteria were higher in the latter. A suite with no clean zone or transfer area showed a higher mean count of Cl. welchii on contact plates from the aseptic zone (operating theatre) (20·5 ± 12·33 per 100 cm2). These higher levels of contamination were due to sporadic high counts of Cl. welchii found near the door of the theatre with no clean zone; in another theatre with no clean zone the level of Cl. welchii on the floor was not higher than that in the theatres with clean zones.Theatres with plenum ventilation had lower mean counts of airborne Cl. welchii than those ventilated by windows: there was no significant difference in the levels of Cl. welchii on the floors of theatres with the two forms of ventilation.On sampling with contact plates, theatre footwear yielded fewer total organisms, Staphylococcus aureus and Cl. welchii than outdoor shoes removed before entering the clean zone.The hygienic value of transfer areas and clean zones is discussed. Bacteriological support could not be obtained for the former, but the latter appeared to contribute something to the cleanliness of the theatre by preventing heavy sporadic contamination.We wish to thank Mr M. Wilkins for valuable assistance, the staff of the operating theatres for their co-operation and Alne Engineering Limited, 57 High Street, Henley-in-Arden, Solihull, for supplying disposable contact plates.

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Treatment of Objective and Subjective Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Journal of the American Academy of Audiology ◽

10.3766/jaaa.24.7.8 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 24 (07) ◽

pp. 600-606 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Alexandra C. Huebner ◽

Susan R. Lytle ◽

Steven M. Doettl ◽

Patrick N. Plyler ◽

James T. Thelin

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ◽

Head Position ◽

Subjective Report ◽

Repeated Measures Design ◽

Positional Vertigo ◽

Data Collection And Analysis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Background: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of vertigo in adults and is a result of otolithic particles or debris that become free floating within a semicircular canal or adhere to the cupula. Characteristics of BPPV include brief episodes of latent onset vertigo that occur with changes in head position, transient rotary nystagmus beating toward the dependent ear, and reversed nystagmus upon sitting up. Both the vertigo and nystagmus fatigue quickly while maintaining the same head position. The BPPV may be classified as objective or subjective. Objective BPPV presents all the aforementioned symptoms whereas subjective BPPV presents all the symptoms without nystagmus. The accepted method of treatment for objective BPPV is canalith repositioning maneuvers (CRM); however, CRM are not traditionally used as the method of treatment for cases of subjective BPPV. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine if the subjective report of dizziness using the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) was different in patients with objective and subjective BPPV and to determine if the two groups showed similar improvements in perceived dizziness handicap following CRM treatment. Research Design: The present study utilized a retrospective, repeated measures design. Study Sample: Sixty-three adults with BPPV that were given the DHI both before and after CRM treatment. Data Collection and Analysis: Pre and post DHI results were analyzed for participants with objective versus subjective BPPV. A five-question DHI subscale was also analyzed between the groups. Results: A significant difference was noted between initial and posttreatment DHI scores for patients in both the subjective and objective groups when using the full-scale and subscale DHI. No significant difference was noted between groups for their initial or posttreatment DHI scores. The two groups also did not differ significantly in their initial or posttreatment DHI subscale scores. Conclusions: The results of the study indicated that individuals with both objective and subjective BPPV demonstrated significant improvement in DHI scores following CRM treatment. Additionally, there was no difference in DHI improvement for the subjective versus objective group suggesting CRM are effective for both subjective BPPV and objective BPPV. This improvement in DHI scores was also noted in the five-question DHI subscale with no significant difference noted between groups. These findings combined with previous studies suggest the presence or absence of nystagmus during Dix-Hallpike maneuvers is not related to the effectiveness of treatment using CRM.

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Marginal Adaptation of Implant Prostheses Fabricated by Different Materials in Excessive Crown Height Space Before and After Veneering

Frontiers in Dentistry ◽

10.18502/fid.v18i28.6938 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Safoura Ghodsi ◽

Marzieh Alikhasi ◽

Majid Sahebi ◽

Vahideh Nazari

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Marginal Adaptation ◽

Crown Height ◽

Second Molar ◽

Basic Model ◽

Nickel Chromium ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Marginal Discrepancy ◽

To Receive

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the marginal adaptation of implant-supported three-unit fixed restorations fabricated in excessive crown height by various frameworks namely zirconia, nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) alloy, and Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) before and after veneering. Materials and Methods: A basic model with two implant fixtures was made to receive posterior three-unit fixed partial dentures (second premolar to second molar) in 15 mm crown height. A total of 30 frameworks were fabricated using Ni-Cr, zirconia, and PEEK (n=10). All specimens were veneered and vertical marginal discrepancy was evaluated before and after veneering using a stereomicroscope (×75). The effect of framework material and veneering on marginal discrepancy was evaluated by repeated-measures and one-way ANOVA, and paired t test (α=0.05). Results: There was a significant difference between the groups (P<0.001) before and after veneering. The vertical marginal discrepancy of zirconia frameworks was significantly lower than that of other groups both before and after veneering (P<0.001). Statistical analysis revealed that the veneering process had a significant effect on marginal adaptation (P<0.001). Conclusion: In implant prostheses with excessive crown height, zirconia had the greatest marginal adaptaion significantly, followed by Ni-Cr. Veneering caused a significant increase in marginal discrepancy of all the materials.

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Disinfection of Transvaginal Ultrasound Probes by Ultraviolet C – A clinical Evaluation of Automated and Manual Reprocessing Methods

Ultraschall in der Medizin - European Journal of Ultrasound ◽

10.1055/a-0874-1971 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (06) ◽

pp. 681-687

Author(s):

Johanna Schmitz ◽

Annelene Kossow ◽

Kathrin Oelmeier de Murcia ◽

Sandra Heese ◽

Janina Braun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Contamination Rate ◽

Qualitative Comparison ◽

Low Level ◽

Skin Flora ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Ultraviolet C ◽

Ultrasound Probes

Abstract Purpose Since pathogens can be transmitted to patients via transvaginal ultrasound probes, it is of particular importance that cleaning and disinfection are performed adequately. This study was designed to do a qualitative comparison of a low-level disinfection technique with disinfectant-impregnated wipes and an automated disinfection technique using ultraviolet C radiation in a clinical setting. Materials and Methods The transvaginal ultrasound probes used in two groups of 160 patients were compared in a prospective controlled study regarding the effectiveness of manual low-level disinfection (Mikrozid sensitive wipes) and automated disinfection using ultraviolet C radiation (Antigermix AS1). Microbiological samples were taken from the whole surface of the probe before and after the disinfection process. Results Before disinfection, 98.75 % (316/320) of the samples showed bacterial contamination. After automated and manual disinfection, the contamination rates were 34.2 % (54/158, automated) and 40.5 % (64/158, disinfectant wipes) (p > 0.05). Pathogens with the potential to cause healthcare-associated infections, such as Enterococcus faecalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae, were removed completely by both techniques. Manual disinfection showed a lower contamination rate after disinfection of bacteria that usually belong to the vaginal, pharyngeal and skin flora (disinfectant wipes 10.6 %, 11/104, automated 32.5 %, 38/117) (p < 0.001). Conclusion For the clinical routine, automated disinfection with ultraviolet C is a promising technique for transvaginal ultrasound probes because of the simple handling and time efficiency. In our study, this method was completely effective against nosocomial pathogens. However, the study didn’t show any significant difference in terms of effectiveness compared to low-level wipe disinfection.

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Reaktivní agilita před a po sportovně-specifickém rozcvičení u hráčů stolního tenisu

Studia sportiva ◽

10.5817/sts2015-1-5 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 38-44

Author(s):

Pavel Vacenovský ◽

Tomáš Vencúrik ◽

Martin Sebera

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Body Height ◽

Table Tennis ◽

Warm Up ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Reactive Agility ◽

National League ◽

The Difference

The aim of the study was to determine and compare the reactive agility league players and players of regional competitions and its changes due to sport-specific warm-up. The research sample consisted of 43 players, who were divided into two groups. First group consisted of 22 players from teams playing in the national league competitions (24.3 ± 5.6 years, body height 179.4 ± 8 cm, body weight 74.8 ± 10.4 kg), the second group of 21 players playing lower regional competitions (26.7 ± 5.64 years, body height 180.2 ± 7.7 cm, body weight 77.8 ± 10.5 kg). We used Fitro agility test modified for table tennis before and after warm-up. For data analysis was used two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. When comparing reactive agility, we found significant difference before and after the sport-specific warm-up for group of league players (885.94 ± 122.69 ms before the warm-up, 842.80 ± 119.48 ms after the warm-up, an improvement of 4.87 %, p <0.0004) and also for the group of players from lower competitions (932.96 ± 114.78ms before the warm-up, 871.90 ± 119.68 ms after the warm-up, an improvement of 6.54 %, p < 0.0002). Although league players achieved better results, the difference between the groups was found not significant. The nonsignificant statistic values for interaction indicates, that league players did not respond to the sport-specific warm-up differently than players from lower competitions. Sport-specific warm-up is important for improving the reactive agility and therefore should not be underestimated.

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Implant Volume Loss, Misfit, Screw Loosening, and Stress In Custom Titanium and Zirconia Abutments

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440202003643 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 374-379

Author(s):

Sales Antônio Barbosa Jr ◽

Ataís Bacchi ◽

Valentim Adelino Ricardo Barão ◽

Yara Teresinha Corrêa Silva-Sousa ◽

João Felipe Bruniera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Distribution ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Volume Loss ◽

Screw Loosening ◽

Mechanical Cycling ◽

Torque Wrench ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Cad Cam

Abstract The aim of this study was to verify the effect of the implant volume loss, vertical misfit between abutment and prosthetic platform, prosthetic screw loosening torque, and screw stress distribution in titanium and zirconia abutments. Ten CAD/CAM system custom abutments of each material were milled and attached to the titanium implants. The implant volume loss was evaluated by microtomography, the vertical misfit with optical microscopy, and digital torque wrench measured the prosthetic screw loosening. All experimental analyses were performed before and after mechanical cycle (1,000,000 cycles, 100 N/2 Hz). Virtual models of the structures were created for finite element analysis, and the stress on the screw obtained with von Mises procedure. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test, two-way ANOVA for repeated measures, and Tukey’s HSD test (a=0.05). There was no significant difference in the implant volume loss for the two abutment materials (p=0.662). Titanium abutments provided higher loosening torque values after mechanical cycling (p<0.001). Lesser marginal misfit was obtained with titanium abutments before and after mechanical cycling (p<0.001). The stress distribution on the screw was similar between abutment materials. In conclusion, CAD/CAM custom titanium abutment reduced the marginal misfit and increased the torque maintenance of prosthetic screws when compared to CAD/CAM custom zirconia abutment.

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The Effect of Acupuncture on the Motor Function and White Matter Microstructure in Ischemic Stroke Patients

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2015/164792 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yongxin Li ◽

Ya Wang ◽

Heye Zhang ◽

Ping Wu ◽

Wenhua Huang

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Diffusion Tensor ◽

The Body ◽

Structural Reorganization ◽

Scanning Time ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Behavioral Score

Evidence shows that ischemic stroke can induce brain structural reorganization. Acupuncture is advised as an adjunct to mainstream rehabilitation after stroke. However, the effectiveness of acupuncture is inconsistent among previous studies. Fourteen ischemic patients were collected and divided into two groups: conventional treatment group (CG) and acupuncture treatment group (AG). The results of a Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and diffusion tensor imaging were collected before and after treatment. The AG exhibited a higher improvement in FMA than the CG. Repeated measures analysis of variance on diffusion data only found a significant main effect for scanning time point in all diffusion indices. In each group, a postpairt-test revealed that diffusion indices values were changed significantly after treatment intervention in the body of the corpus callosum and bilateral corticospinal tracts, the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, the inferior frontooccipital fasciculus, the superior longitudinal fasciculus, the forceps minor, the cingulum gyrus, and the thalamic radiation. However, there was no significant difference in the diffusion indices between the two groups. In conclusion, acupuncture had a better behavioral score than traditional medicine treatment. However, acupuncture did not significantly change WM in the AG compared to the CG as expected within one month after the intervention.

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