scholarly journals Potensi Cendawan Endofit Asal Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) untuk Mengendalikan Cendawan Patogen Candida albicans In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Mulya Sari ◽  
Nampiah Sukarno ◽  
Irmanida Batubara ◽  
Rohani Cinta Badia Br Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Red Ginger ◽  
Chemical Groups

Endophytic fungi isolated from red ginger (Zingiber officinale) can inhibit growth of Fusarium oxysporum, but the ability of the fungi to control Candida albicans  as human pathogen has not been reported. The aims of this research were to study the mechanism of ten endophytic fungi isolates derived from red ginger to control C. albicans in vitro using dual culture methode and fungal extract, and to determine fungal bioactive chemical groups produced by the fungi. Three out of ten isolates tested, Talaromyces assiutensis JMa 7, T. assiutensis JMbt 3, and Curvularia affinis JMbt 9 inhibited growth of C. albicans with inhibition zones were 4.0 mm, 4.9 mm, and 11.3 mm, respectively. The cultures of the three potential endophytic fungi were extracted by maceration method using 3 solvents i.e ethyl acetate, n-hexane and ethanol. The three isolates were grown in PDB separately for 21 days incubation. At harvest, the culture filtrate was extracted by ethyl acetate and n-hexane, while fungal mycelia were extracted by all the three solvents. Ethyl acetate extracts obtained from culture filtrate of all the three fungal isolates consistently inhibited C. albicans with inhibition zones were 2.0-3.8 mm. For n-hexane extract, however, only Talaromyces assiutensis JMbt 3 that had positive effect with inhibition zone was 2.0 mm. All extracts from mycelia did not have any effects on C. albicans. The ethyl acetate extract of T. assiutensis JMbt 3 was analysed to determine its chemical groups using visible color on thin layer chromatography (TLC). The results showed that the bioactive compounds was terpenoids, and antioxidant.

Secondary metabolites from endophytic Streptomyces aureofaciens CMUAc130 and their antifungal activity

Microbiology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 151 (5) ◽  
pp. 1691-1695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thongchai Taechowisan ◽  
Chunhua Lu ◽  
Yuemao Shen ◽  
Saisamorn Lumyong
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Streptomyces Aureofaciens ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Fungal Growth Inhibition

Streptomyces aureofaciens CMUAc130 was isolated from the root tissue of Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Zingiberaceae). It was an antagonist of Colletotrichum musae and Fusarium oxysporum, the causative agents of anthracnose of banana and wilt of wheat, respectively. Evidence for the in vitro antibiosis of S. aureofaciens CMUAc130 was demonstrated by the zone of fungal-growth inhibition. Microscopic observations showed thickness and bulbous structures at the edges of the inhibited fungal hyphae. The culture filtrate and crude extract from this strain were all inhibitory to tested phytopathogenic fungi. The major active ingredients from the culture filtrate of S. aureofaciens CMUAc130 were purified by silica gel-column chromatography and identified to be (i) 5,7-dimethoxy-4-p-methoxylphenylcoumarin and (ii) 5,7-dimethoxy-4-phenylcoumarin by NMR and mass-spectral data, respectively. Bioassay studies showed that compounds (i) and (ii) had antifungal activities against tested fungi, and their MICs were found to be 120 and 150 μg ml−1, respectively. This is the first report of compounds (i) and (ii) from micro-organisms as active ingredients for the control of phytopathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) Against Bacterial Oral Pathogen of Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC10556, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212: An in Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisda Damayanti ◽  
Ida Ayu Evaangelina ◽  
Avi Laviana ◽  
Yetty Herdiyati ◽  
Dikdik Kurnia
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Inhibition Zones

Background: Caries and periodontitis are dental diseases caused by bacteria of S. sanguinis, S. mutans, and E. faecalis with three main etiological factors of the host, substrate, and time. Objective: This study proposed to investigate the antibacterial effects of Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) against oral bacteria of E.faecalis, S. mutans, and S. sanguinis. Materials and Methods: The Buah Merah was extracted with different solvents to yield n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and H2O extracts. The concentrations of single and mixture extracts were adjusted for antibacterial assay against bacteria of E. faecalis, S. mutans, and S. sanguinis strains through agar well diffusion assay with chlorhexidine, fosfomycin, and quercetin used as positive controls. Results: The ethyl acetate extract showed highest antibacterial activity against three oral bacterial of E. faecalis, S. mutans, and S. sanguinis with inhibition zones values of 9.3, 12.3, and 17.9 mm at 40%, respectively, together with their MIC and MBC values of 1250 & 2500, 0.312 & 0.625, and 0.312 & 0.625 ppm, respectively. For the formulation of extracts, combinations samples test gave various effects to different bacteria, with the best activity showed by methanol-ethyl acetate (M-Ea) extracts against S. mutans with an inhibition zone of 16.25 mm at 40 ppm. The strong and synergistic effect of methanol extract against S. mutans was supported by inhibition zones of the formulation of methanol extract-fosfomycin which showed an inhibition zone of 25.9 mm at 10 ppm. Conclusion: The extracts of Buah Merah demonstrated antibacterial activity against oral bacteria of E. faecalis, S. mutans, and S. sanguinis and gave important information for further in vivo clinical studies to determine the exact dosages and its effectiveness in practical application. These results prove the antimicrobial effects of Buah Merah extracts as alternative natural drugs with synergistic effects of active constituents.

Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Jahe Putih Terhadap Pertumbuhan Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Candida albicans Secara in Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Selline Hadyprana ◽  
Shafa Noer ◽  
Titin Supriyatin
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Disk Diffusion

<p align="justify">Saat ini dunia sedang dilanda pandemi virus Corona (Covid-19) dan berbagai cara dianjurkan agar terhindar dari virus ini, salah satunya adalah dengan meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh baik secara tradisional maupun secara modern. Salah satu cara tradisional dalam mencegah mikroorganisme patogen adalah dengan mengkonsumsi rempah-rempah contohnya penggunaan jahe putih (<em>Zingiber officinale </em>var. Amarum) yang dapat mengganggu kesehatan adalah <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>dan <em>Candida albicans. </em>Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui daya hambat ekstrak jahe putih terhadap pertumbuhan <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>dan <em>Candida albicans </em>sehingga dapat diketahui apakah ekstrak jahe putih terbukti efektif melawan mikroorganisme bakteri dan jamur. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode <em>disk diffusion</em> untuk melihat keefektifan ekstrak jahe pada konsentrasi 20, 40, 60, 80 dan 100% terhadap pertumbuhan <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> dan <em>Candida albicans</em>. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tiap konsentrasi ekstrak jahe putih yang ditentukan akan memberikan nilai daya hambat pertumbuhan <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> dan <em>Candida albicans</em>, yang artinya semakin tinggi konsentrasi maka semakin kuat daya hambat yang diberikan.</p>

Role of Sporormiellasimilis as a potential bioprotectant of Populustremuloides wood against the blue-stain fungus Ophiostomapiliferum

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2235-2239 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chakravarty ◽  
L. Trifonov ◽  
L.J. Hutchison ◽  
Y Hiratsuka ◽  
W.A. Ayer
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Fungitoxic Effect

Interactions between Sporormiellasimilis Khan & Cain and the blue-stain fungus Ophiostomapiliferum (Fr.) H. & P. Sydow, both isolated from Populustremuloides Michx. wood, were investigated. Sporormiellasimilis significantly reduced the growth of O. piliferum in vitro when grown in dual culture, in addition to inhibiting the growth of O. piliferum on agar media and in liquid culture when treated with a culture filtrate of S. similis. Ophiostomapiliferum failed to colonize P. tremuloides wood chips when they were preinoculated with S. similis. Ten known compounds were isolated and identified from the culture filtrate of S. similis. These compounds showed varied fungitoxic effect against O. piliferum at concentrations of 1 to 1000 μg/mL. The potential for S. similis as a biological control agent against O. piliferum on P. tremuloides is discussed.

scholarly journals Phytobiotic Properties of Garlic, Red Ginger, Turmeric and Kencur in Growing Ducks

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismoyowati Ismoyowati ◽  
Diana Indrasanti ◽  
Mochamad Mufti ◽  
Abdoreza Soleimani Farjam
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Salmonella Pullorum ◽  
Red Ginger

Abstract. Phytobiotic properties of garlic (Allium sativum), turmeric (Curcuma domestica), red ginger (Zingiber officinale) and kencur (Kaempferia galangal) were studied using standard in vitro antibacterial test and in vivo feeding trial with ducklings. In the in vitro experiment, potency of aqueous extract of these phytobiotic agents were tested against Salmonella pullorum and Escherichia coli. Feeding trial was carried out for 6 week starting at day 28 using ducklings fed diets supplemented with 1% of each of four phytobiotic agents. The highest antibacterial activity against S. pullorum and E. coli was observed with garlic and no additive effect when mixture of phytobiotics was used. Weight gain, fed intake and feed conversion ratio of ducklings were not affected by inclusion of garlic, red ginger and kencur. However, 1% turmeric supplementation significantly reduced growth performance to ducklings. Key words: phytobiotic, antibiotic, duck, medicinal plants Abstrak.  Penelitian karakteristik fitobiotik dari bawang putih (Allium sativum), kunyit (Curcuma domestica), jahe merah (Zingiber officinale) dan kencur (Kaempferia galangal) telah dilakukan secara in vitro melalui uji aktivitas antibakteri dan secara in vivo dengan perlakuan suplemetasi fitobiotik didalam pakan anak itik. Pada percobaan  in vitro, potensi  aktivitas antibakteri dari ektrak  fitobiotik diuji menggunakan Salmonella pullorum and Escherichia coli.  Percobaan suplementasi fitobiotik diberikan masing-masing sebesar 1% didalam pakan anak itik.  Pemberian pakan perlakuan dilakukan selama 6 minggu,  dimulai pada saat anak itik berumur 28 hari.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap S. pullorum dan E. coli paling tinggi adalah ektrak bawang putih dan tidak ada pengaruh yang lebih baik apabila dicampur dengan ektrak fitobiotik lainnya.  Pertambahan bobot badan, konsumsi pakan dan konversi pakan anak itik tidak dipengaruhi oleh penambahan bawang putih, kunyit, jahe merah dan kencur.  Akan tetapi, suplementasi kunyit nyata menurunkan performan pertumbuhan anak itik. Kata kunci: fitobiotik, antibiotik, itik, tanaman obat-obatan.

scholarly journals In vitro antagonistic activity of Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride strains compared to carbendazim fungicide against the fungal phytopathogens of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Taha Yassin ◽  
Ashraf Abdel-Fattah Mostafa ◽  
Abdulaziz Abdulrahman Al-Askar
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Dual Culture Assay ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogens ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Abstract Background High losses of sorghum crops due to fungal diseases, such as grain mold and stalk rot, are economically harmful and cause increased use of environmentally damaging chemical fungicides, which also are detrimental to human health. Hence, finding safe and effective ways to manage fungal diseases of sorghum is urgently needed. Results In the present study, the antagonistic activities of Trichoderma viride and T. harzianum against different pathogenic fungal strains were evaluated in vitro using a dual culture assay. Furthermore, the anti-mycotic activity of Trichoderma spp. culture filtrates was evaluated against different fungal strains using a food poisoning technique. Additionally, the antifungal activities of ethyl acetate extracts of T. viride and T. harzianum against different pathogens were evaluated using a disk diffusion method. As indicated by the dual culture assay, T. harzianum suppressed 66.8, 69.5, 68.7, 54.6, 84.12, and 71.39% of the mycelial growth of Curvularia lunata, Exserohilum rostratum, Fusarium chlamydosporum, F. incarnatum, F. proliferatum, and Macrophomina phaseolina, respectively. T. viride was more effective for controlling the growth of these pathogens, inhibiting 81.0, 89.0, 63.0, 70.7, 84.4, and 71.8% of mycelial growth, respectively. Both E. rostratum and M. phaseolina showed resistance to carbendazim fungicide at all tested concentrations, whereas the fungicidal concentrations of carbendazim against C. lunata, F. chlamydosporum, and F. incarnatum strains were 2.50, 1.50, and 2.00 ppm, respectively. Furthermore, F. proliferatum was sensitive to carbendazim fungicide at all tested concentrations. Antifungal assays of the ethyl acetate extracts of T. viride and T. harzianum indicated the potent activity of these extracts against fungal phytopathogens with different susceptibility patterns. F. chlamydosporum was the most sensitive to the extracts of T. viride and T. harzianum with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/disk, respectively. Conclusion The potent suppression of sorghum phytopathogens by T. viride and T. harzianum makes them potential sources of safe and effective natural fungicides compared to carbendazim fungicide.

scholarly journals Endophytic Fungi from Alstonia boonei De Wild and Greenwayodendron suaveolens (Engl. and Diels) Verdc. subsp. Suaveolens Possess Inhibitory Activity against Pneumonia Causing Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Paola Cynthia Emoh Demeni ◽  
Patrick Hervé Diboue Betote ◽  
Christelle Wayoue Kom ◽  
Eric Ngalani Tchamgoue ◽  
Esther Del Florence Ndedi Moni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Bactericidal Effects ◽  
Inhibition Zones

This study evaluated the antibacterial efficacy of methanolic extracts of isolated endophytic fungi from stem barks and leaves of Alstonia boonei De Wild and Greenwayodendron suaveolens (Engl. and Diels) Verdc. subsp. Suaveolens against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 43816, Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 49247, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, responsible for causing pneumonia. The endophytic fungi were isolated and characterized in the Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA), and Czapek Dox Agar (CDA) media. The fungi and their methanolic extracts were tested for in vitro antibacterial potential by antagonistic assay for endophytic fungi against bacterial pathogens and microdilution method. The phytochemical screening of extracts was carried out according to the colorimetric and precipitation methods to reveal the presence of secondary metabolites. The results showed that 24 macroscopically and microscopically distinct endophytic fungi were isolated, identified, and stored. These endophytic fungi possessed antibacterial activity against the selected bacterial strains with inhibition zones ranging from 7.00 to 25.00 mm. The endophytic fungi GS15 and AB24 have presented the inhibitions zones of 20.33 mm and 25.00 mm, respectively, and these were better than the ones obtained for Levofloxacin®. The endophytes with inhibition zones greater than 10 mm were used for extraction of their secondary metabolites. The endophytic fungi extracts showed antibacterial activity with the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 6.25 × 10−4 to 2 × 10−2 g/L and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) ranging from 2.5 × 10−3 to 2 × 10−2 g/L. The endophytic fungi GS15 extract was the most effective extract; it showed bactericidal effects on the tested bacterial strains. The phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of secondary metabolites classes, responsible for causing the obtained antibacterial activity. Thus, the endophytic fungi methanolic extracts from A. boonei and G. suaveolens have the potential to inhibit the growth of bacteria responsible for nosocomial pneumonia.

scholarly journals TOXICITY TEST OF SMALL WHITE GINGER EXTRACT ON BHK-21 FIBROBLAST CELLS IN VITRO

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Robiansyah Robiansyah ◽  
Debby Saputera ◽  
Rahmad Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Fibroblast Cells ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Denture Stomatitis ◽  
Alternative Ingredients

Background: Denture stomatitis is inflammation of the oral mucosa which supporting the denture that caused by Candida albicans. Candida albicans contamination can be prevented by immersing dentures into denture cleanser solution. One of the alternative ingredients that can be used as denture cleanser is small white ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale var. Amarum). Objective: This study aimed to analyze whether small white ginger extract (Zingiber officinale var. Amarum) was toxic to BHK-21 fibroblast cells using the MTT assay method. Method: This study was conducted in 7 groups. Five groups consisted of extracts of 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 2 control groups comprised of media control and cell control. Absorbance was read using ELISA reader and cell viability was calculated. Results: The percentage of living cells of all groups of small white ginger extract treatment was 100%. The parametric analysis of One Way Annova showed p = 0.498 (p> 0.05) Conclusion: Small white ginger extract (Zingiber officinale var. Amarum) is not toxic to BHK-21 fibroblast cells using the MTT Assay method because cell viability of all concentration groups is  ≥ 60%.

scholarly journals Chaenomeles speciosa fruit endophytic fungi isolation and characterization of their antimicrobial activity and the secondary metabolites composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurii V. Lykholat ◽  
Nina O. Khromykh ◽  
Oleh O. Didur ◽  
Oksana A. Drehval ◽  
Tetyana V. Sklyar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Cultural Medium ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Abstract Background Endophytes promote the survival of the host plants affected by unfavorable environment. To confirm the endophytes role in Chaenomeles speciosa pathogenic resistance, fungal isolates were derived from both fruit peel and pulp, and presumptively identified using macroscopic and microscopic techniques. Antifungal potential of the isolates was assayed by dual culture method and agar disc method against Alternaria alternata, Fusarium culmorum, and Fusarium oxysporum strains. Two most active fungal isolates were cultured in Czapek's liquid medium to obtain metabolites. The crude ethyl acetate extracts of metabolites were characterized for antibacterial activity against Basillus subtilis and Erwinia dissolvens, and for component composition by GC–MS technique. Results Nine fungal endophytic isolates were derived from the peel and pulp of C. speciosa fruits and tentatively attributed to Penicillium spp. (seven isolates), Aspergillus spp. (one isolate), Mucor spp. (one isolate). Two fungal isolates, one each of the fruit peel and pulp, were designated as Penicillium sp. I and Penicillium sp. II respectively, and selected for further research. Both isolates showed similar activity against A. alternata; however, Penicillium sp. I activity against F. culmorum and F. oxysporum exceeded the activity of Penicillium sp. II. Cultural medium ethyl acetate extracts of both endophytes exhibited higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive B. subtilis, while mycelium extracts were more active against Gram-negative E. dissolvens. In general, Penicillium sp. I antibacterial activity was higher in cultural medium extracts, while activity of Penicillium sp. II dominated in mycelium extracts. GC–MS analysis of the fungal metabolites component composition revealed the identity of 27 and 17 compounds, respectively in the ethyl acetate extracts of Penicillium sp. I and Penicillium sp. II cultural medium. Basic compounds produced by the first isolate, were represented by 3-Furanacetic acid, 4-hexyl-2,5-dihydro-2,5-dioxo, Diisooctyl phthalate, 11-Hexadecyn-1-ol, and Propanedioic acid, dihydroxy. At the same time, Phthalic acid diisooctyl ester and other phthalates constituted the main part of the second isolate metabolites, followed by Hexadecanoic acid, Eicosyl isopropyl ether, and 4-Butoxy-2-butanone at a lower content. Conclusions The findings showed that the antimicrobial potential of Chaenomeles fruits endophytic fungi is promising and deserves further investigation.

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