scholarly journals REPRESENTASI KOLONIALISME DALAM TJERITA NJI PAINA KARYA H. KOMMER

Aksara ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Diah Meutia Harum
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
Edward Said ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Colonial Society ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
Colonial Government

                                                The study describes the life in colonial era using the theory of postcolonialism. This theory is used to reveal the facts of the story in a short story titled Tjerita Nji Paina by H. Kommer about representation and treatment of natives by colonialist society in those days. The short story of Tjerita Nji Paina brings the theme of domination and hegemony against indigenous and women. H. Kommer was one of the writers of the Dutch East Indies who often criticize the Dutch colonial government, especially against sugar businessmen. His works voiced opposition to the sugar businessman who oppressed the indigenous workers from that period. This research try to reveal the image of colonialism through the description of the figures contained in this story by using the theory of characterization. There are three figures described in this study. Each character represents superior and inferior binary opposition in colonial society in the Indies at that time. Furthermore, postcolonial theory from Edward Said used to reveal hegemony and domination of the natives by the Dutch colonials. From the theory used to the Tjerita Nji Paina text it is seen that hegemony and dominance got the legitimacy from the Dutch rulers who deceived the character Niti as subordinates at the sugar factory to hand over his daughters to become “nyai” or concubine to the character of Mr. Briot, his superior at the sugar factory. AbstrakPenelitian yang menggambarkan kehidupan di era kolonialial ini menggunakan teori poskolonialisme. Teori ini digunakan untuk mengungkapkan fakta cerita dalam cerita pendek berjudul Tjerita Nji Paina karya H. Kommer tentang representasi dan perlakuan terhadap pribumi oleh masyarakat kolonialis di masa itu. Cerpen Tjerita Nji Paina membawakan tema dominasi dan hegemoni terhadap pribumi dan terhadap perempuan. H. Kommer adalah salah satu penulis di zaman Hindia Belanda yang sering mengkritik pemerintah pendudukan Belanda, khususnya terhadap kaum pengusaha gula. Karya-karyanya menyuarakan perlawanan terhadap pengusaha gula yang menindas pekerja pribumi di masa itu  Penelitian ini mencoba mengungkap gambaran kolonialisme itu melalui deskripsi tokoh-tokoh yang terdapat dalam cerita ini dengan menggunakan teori penokohan. Ada tiga tokoh yang akan dideskripsikan dalam penelitian ini. Setiap tokoh merepresentasikan oposisi biner superior dan inferior dalam masyarakat kolonial di Hindia Belanda pada masa itu. Selanjutnya, digunakan teori poskolonial oleh Edward Said untuk melihat hegemoni dan dominasi terhadap kaum pribumi oleh kolonial Belanda. Dari teori yang digunakan terhadap teks Tjerita Nji Paina terlihat bahwa hegemoni dan dominasi mendapat legitimasi dari penguasa Belanda yang memperdaya tokoh Niti sebagai bawahan di pabrik gula untuk menyerahkan anak gadisnya menjadi nyai atau gundik dari tokoh Tuan Briot, atasannya di pabrik.   

scholarly journals ANALISIS STRUKTUR VISUAL LAMBANG KOTAPRAJA JAMAN HINDIA BELANDA DARI PERSPEKTIF WACANA POSKOLONIAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novian Denny Nugraha ◽  
Sonson Nursholih
Keyword(s):  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Interesting Phenomenon ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
Visual Structure ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

The simbol of municipality (big city) in Indonesia is changing from time to time, as well as changing according to the social and cultural conditions of the city. If in colonial era the simbol of the city is a representation of the power of the government or rule, and then the phenomenon is now beginning to change in the current era, where the simbol of the city functioned also for the needs of tourism. In the late Dutch East Indies colonial era around 1930s, some cities were considered to be self-reliant by government and economy, so that the government at that time made a simbol for the need to run the wheels of his government. The interesting phenomenon of the simbol of the city simbolically is the existence of simbols that are displayed, both simbols affiliated to the ruler (Dutch East Indies) and also the simbol that is a typical simbol of the city's local tradition. Composition and relationship between simbols in the city simbol is interesting to be studied and analyzed. Especially at visual structure area and meaning representation. The analysis is done by qualitative research method which is descriptive interpretative with semiotics theory approach for sign analysis and using postcolonial theory for understanding the meaning of the city simbol. The results of the analysis both in the visual structure and in the meaning shows the existence of different types of simbols that appear, as well as the discovery of the difference of simbol dominance in each simbol of the city. The relation between the simbols generated from the composition of the visual structure results in a new understanding, which in the postcolonial perspective will be interpreted by a binary opposition relationship, or the dominant/hegemonic relationship between the colonial government and the colony state, between “The Other” and “The Occident”, or between colonizing and colonized countries. Furthermore, the simbolic relation on the visual structure and meaning resulted in the ideological significance of the sociocultural conditions of the community at that time.

Hybridity and Transformation: The Political Orientation of the Chinese in the Dutch East Indies

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-157
Author(s):  
Dong-Yu Lin ◽  
Ping Lin
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
General Assumption ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
Colonial Government

Abstract During the early twentieth century, strong nationalistic ideas sprang up in Indonesia. Some Chinese elites in professional positions under the Dutch colonial government tended to side with the Dutch with the pro-Dutch attitude; some working for Chinese newspapers or agencies developed the pro-China stance; some supported and cooperated with the indigenous people with the pro-independence tendency; and others had their inclinations transformed over the course of time. After examining the life history of a few prominent Chinese figures, this article shows that three levels of factors—international politics in East Asia, local politics in the Dutch East Indies, and their life histories under Dutch rule (together with travel experience to China)—were critical for each Chinese person in establishing or transforming their often hybrid political orientations. The Chinese preference was neither monolithic nor settled, so the general assumption that “Chinese people are loyal to China” in Indonesian politics of the colonial era should be revised.

Tunes That Bind: Paul J. Seelig, Eva Gauthier, Charles T. Griffes, and the Javanese Other

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-154
Author(s):  
HENRY SPILLER
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
North American ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Edward Said ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Dutch East Indies

AbstractThe powerful concept of orientalism has undergone considerable refinement since Edward Said popularized the term with his eponymous book in 1978. Orientalism typically is presented as a totalizing process that creates polar oppositions between a dominating West and a subordinate East. U.S. orientalisms, however, reflect uniquely North American approaches to identity formation that include assimilating characteristics usually associated with the Other. This article explores the complex relationship among three individuals—U.S. composer Charles T. Griffes, Canadian singer Eva Gauthier, and German-trained Dutch East Indies composer Paul J. Seelig—and how they exploited the same Javanese songs to lend legitimacy to their individual artistic projects. A comparison of Griffes's and Seelig's settings of a West Javanese tune (“Kinanti”) provides an especially clear example of how contrasting approaches manifest different orientalisms. Whereas Griffes accompanied the melody with stock orientalist gestures to express his own fascination with the exotic, Seelig used chromatic harmonies and a chorale-like texture to ground the melody in the familiar, translating rather than representing its Otherness. The tunes that bind Griffes, Gauthier, and Seelig are only the raw materials from which they created their own unique orientalisms, each with its own sense of self and its own Javanese others.

scholarly journals Giving for Girls: Reconsidering Colonial Civilizing Missions in the Dutch East Indies through Charitable Girls’ Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Kamphuis
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Educational Policies ◽  
Civilizing Mission ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
Domestic Lives ◽  
Colonial Government

Abstract This article compares two Protestant schools for elite indigenous girls in the Dutch East Indies. While both schools were financially supported by the colonial government, they emerged from Christian organizations and were partly dependent on voluntary gifts from the Netherlands and the colony. The article proposes to look at such philanthropic initiatives as integral parts of a larger colonial civilizing mission which was not limited to the colonial state. On the contrary, discourses about the implementation of “civilized” gender roles within indigenous families through girls’ education first emerged among philanthropists, and eventually influenced state-driven educational policies for girls. It is argued that philanthropical initiatives for girls’ education such as the two schools presented here are best understood as attempts to gain control over, and ultimately reform, the domestic lives of the indigenous population in the Dutch East Indies

scholarly journals Sociological perspective on the elimination of Karanganyar Regency as an impact of the 1930s economic depression

Simulacra ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-94
Author(s):  
Teguh Hindarto ◽  
Chusni Ansori
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Government Bureaucracy ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
Economic Depression ◽  
The Government

 The 1930s economic crisis in the United States had spread throughout the world and caused a number of social, economic, political and cultural impacts, including for the Dutch East Indies colonies. Karanganyar Regency, which was in the Bagelen Residency territory since 1901, had experienced the effects of the economic shock as well. Karanganyar was a district in the Kebumen Regency area. Before becoming a sub-district, Karanganyar was an independent regency and had its head of government from 1832 until 1936. Through literature studies, this paper intended to thoroughly analyze the existence of Karanganyar Regency in the colonial era, find out the background of its elimination, and the process of social change that occurred. To obtain the main variables that cause the elimination of Karanganyar Regency, the researcher utilized the historical comparative method. From the analysis, we concluded that the Economic Depression centred in the United States affected the Dutch East Indies colonies, particularly on the management of the government bureaucracy. This situation demanded the Dutch East Indies government to adapt to social change by removing a number of Regency, including Karanganyar Regency.

scholarly journals Akses Pendidikan bagi Pribumi pada Periode Etis (1901-1930)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-147
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fakhriansyah ◽  
Intan Ranti Permatasari Patoni
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Ethical Policy ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
The One ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Dutch Colonial

This article examines the dynamics of the indigenous people of the Dutch East Indies' access to education during the Dutch Etichal Policy period. Considering that, the Netherlands was the longest-running country exploiting the Indies, the country was obliged to bear the burden of reciprocation on their colony. The burden of reciprocity was realised through an Ethical Policy that has three programs. They are irrigation, transmigration, and education. Of the three, Education was the program that had major impacts on the Indonesian national movement. This research used historical method. The result of this research showed us that although education had succeeded in undermining the Dutch colonial domination, the education during the Dutch Etichal Policy period was not fully given as a whole by the colonial government. Instead, it was very limited. The Dutch colonial policies, especially the one concerning education were driven by their interest of economic benefits for themselves over the improvement of the indigenous people of the Dutch East Indies' welfare.   Artikel ini membahas mengenai dinamika akses pendidikan bagi pribumi saat berlangsungya Politik Etis. Seperti yang diketahui, Belanda sebagai negara yang terlama mengeksploitasi Hindia Belanda membuat negara tersebut menanggung beban balas budi terhadap koloninya. Beban balas budi tersebut terwujud melalui program Politik Etis yang memiliki tiga program, yakni irigasi, transmigrasi, dan edukasi. Dari ketiga itu, pendidikan merupakan salah satu program Politik Etis dan salah satu program yang memiliki dampak besar bagi pergerakan nasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode historis dengan analisis studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan meskipun pendidikan berhasil meruntuhkan dominasi kolonial, pendidikan saat periode Etis pun tidak serta merta langsung diberikan begitu saja oleh pemerintah kolonial meskipun tujuan Politik Etis adalah balas budi, pemberian pendidikan diberikan secara serba terbatas. Kebijakan-kebijakan pemerintah kolonial, khususnya di bidang pendidikan didorong oleh kepentingan keuntungan ekonomi bagi mereka sendiri alih-alih oleh motif untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat setempat.  

scholarly journals NASIONALISME DAN KEISLAMAN UNIVERSAL DALAM NOVEL MAWAKK IB AL-AHRR ARR KARYA NAJIB KYLANI

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-81
Author(s):  
Yulia Nasrul Latifi
Keyword(s):  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Edward Said ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Interesting Point ◽  
Modern Novel ◽  
Universal Values ◽  
Cultural Colonialism ◽  
Power Concept

This article discusses an Egypt modern novel of Najib al-Kylani,Mawakib al-Ahrar, which tells about the struggle of Egyptians to get their independence from French colonization. One interesting point of this novel is the idea of critical and progressive nationalism. In contrast, postcolonial theory is focused on the aspects of nationalism using deconstruction methods. This theory is based on Edward Said argument on ‘East’ discourse through its orientalism as a product of science that has ideological basis and colonial interests. Their political and economic colonialism is accompanied by cultural colonialism through representing the East as ‘The Other’. Said developed his theory by using Foucault’s power concept and developed Derrida’s binary opposition. The progressive idea of this novel has a closed relationship with the universal values of Islam, characterized by inclusivity, egalitarianism, and democracy. Theologically and historically, Islam has taught the unity of human being and the need of plurality and differences of human beings, cultures, and nations to compete in good manner. Dialogical and mutual understanding of cultures is really important, not the exception between the West and the East cultures. Tulisan ini membahas novel modern Mesir yang berjudul Mawakib al-Ahrar karya Najib al-Kylani. Novel ini mengisahkan tentang perjuangan rakyat Mesir untuk mendapatkan kemerdekaan selama dalam penjajahanPerancis. Yang menarik dari novel ini adalah gagasan nasionalisme yang sangat kritis dan progresif. Sementara itu, teori poskolonial yang difokuskan pada aspek nasionalisme dengan memakai metode dekonstuksi. Teori ini didasarkan pada gugatan Edward Said tentang wacana ‘Timur’ melalui orientalismenya sebagai produksi ilmu pengetahuan yang memiliki landasan-landasan ideologis dan kepentingan-kepentingan kolonial. Penjajahan politik dan ekonomi mereka disertai pula penjajahan kultural berupa representasi Timur sebagai ‘Sang Lain’. Said mengembangkan teorinya dengan memakai konsep kekuasaan Foucault dan mengembangkangagasan oposisi biner Derrida. Gagasan novel yang progresif inimemiliki keterkaitan erat dengan nilai-nilai keislaman universal yang bercirikan inklusif, egaliter, dan demokratis. Secara teologis ataupun historis, Islam telah mengajarkan kesatuan manusia dan pentingnya pluralitas dan perbedaan manusia, budaya, dan bangsa untuk berlomba-lomba dalam kebaikan. Pemahaman budaya secara dialogis dan mutualistik sangat penting, termasuk budaya yang dialogis antara Barat dan Timur.

scholarly journals Islamic Policy of the Dutch East Indies Colonial Government in Madura in the First Quarter of the 20th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. p1
Author(s):  
Iswahyudi Iswahyudi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Political Policy ◽  
Political Sector ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
Cultural Sector ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Regional Languages

At first the Dutch East Indies government policy towards Islam was wrong, because Islam in the Dutch East Indies was considered a strict religion like the hierarchical priesthood and the pope in Christianity where there was a high relationship of loyalty to the Turkish caliph, so that Islam was considered a formidable enemy. Starting with the implementation of a massive policy by the Dutch East Indies government to suppress Muslims, for example, one of them was in terms of limiting and heavier the regulations for the implementation of the pilgrimage, but in reality, regardless of the obstacles, the frequency of going on hajj was still high. Awareness of the mistakes in political policy towards Islam, the figure of Cristian Snouck Hurgronje, one of the supporters of ethical currents in the Netherlands, appeared, submitting a letter to the minister of the colonies on June 2, 1889 to participate in solving problems in the Dutch East Indies. In this case Snouk Hurgronje was the main advisor and was assisted by advisers consisting of one for Arab affairs and two experts in regional languages ​​in the Dutch East Indies. Based on Snouck Hurgronje's advice, the Dutch colonial government distinguished between Islam in the meaning of worship and Islam as a social, social and political force. This policy towards Islam is divided into three categories, namely the socio-religious field, the socio-cultural sector, and the socio-political sector.

scholarly journals PEMILIHAN LOKASI PABRIK GULA GUNUNGSARI OLEH HANDELSVEREENIGING AMSTERDAM (HVA): ANALISIS KERUANGAN SALAH SATU "SISTER FACTORY" PABRIK GULA JATIROTO

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Abednego Andhana Prakosajaya ◽  
Hot Marangkup Tumpal Sianipar ◽  
Ayu Nur Widiyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Venture Capital ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
Selection Of

Pabrik Gula Gunungsari merupakan pabrik gula yang didirikan oleh Handels Vereeniging Amsterdam atau HVA pada awal abad ke-20 Masehi. Pabrik gula yang dimaksudkan untuk menjadi sister factory atau pabrik pendukung dari Pabrik Gula Jatiroto ini merupakan bagian dari rangkaian rencana percobaan HVA dalam merevolusi industri gula di Hindia Belanda. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis apakah terdapat kesalahan dalam bidang perencanaan pemilihan lokasi pembangunan pabrik gula yang berkaitan dengan berhentinya operasi pabrik gula ini. Metode penelitian bersifat deskriptif dengan penalaran induktif. Data yang dianalisis secara spasial diperoleh dari hasil survei arkeologi di Pabrik Gula Gunungsari dan kajian pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketergantungan yang sangat tinggi akan besarnya modal usaha serta anggapan dapat terpenuhinya target yang terlalu ambisius menyebabkan pemilihan lokasi pembangunan pabrik menjadi suatu hal yang merugikan bagi HVA sendiri. Gunungsari Sugar Factory had been established by Handels Vereeniging Amsterdam or HVA in the early of 20th century. The factory which was intended to be a sister of the Jatiroto Sugar Factory was part of a series of HVA trial plans to revolutionize the sugar industry in the Dutch East Indies. This paper aims to analyze whether there is a failure when selecting the location of the factory related to the cessation of its own operation. This method used is descriptive with inductive reasoning. The data analized in spatial were obtained from the survey conducted at the Gunungsari Sugar Factory and literature review. The results show that high dependence on the amount of venture capital, and the assumption that ambitious targets can be achieved, have made the selection of a factory construction location become a major weakness for HVA.

scholarly journals A RANGE OF NEW FUNCTIONAL APPLICATIONS TO THE BUILDING OF HERITAGE BANK INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (03) ◽  
pp. 362-379
Author(s):  
Devina Veronika, Yenny Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Functional Change ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Functional Applications ◽  
East Indies ◽  
City District ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
Regional Authorities

Abstract - The city district known as Senen forms one of the historical parts of Jakarta where there are many buildings to be found in the Dutch East Indies Empire style as architectural relics of the Dutch Colonial Era, and the majority of these buildings are still there, up to the present. Many of these relics of the past have not been properly maintained and have suffered damage. One of these happens to be the Heritage Bank Indonesia building situated at Jalan Prapatan No.42 in Jakarta. After its conservation and re-use, a functional change has taken place that is quite drastic when considered from its establishment until the present. This research study can be categorized as qualitative. The research method consists of the descriptive method along with the analytical and interpretative methods. The data have been analyzed by drawing a comparison between the building in its initial state and its current condition, which was subsequently processed based on the conservation principles issued by the regional authorities called Perda. The data collection technique was employed with the observational method, interviews, taking measurements, and by way of studying the relevant background literature. The conclusion of this research study is that the building of the Heritage Bank Indonesia is nothing but a piece of sculpture after its conservation because it has become isolated or alienated from its surroundings, and as such it is no longer in keeping with its environmental context, which is situated in the Learning center complex of Bank Indonesia. Keywords: variety of new functional applications, Dutch East Indies Empire style of architecture, Heritage Bank Indonesia building

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