Density of surgical specimens and correlation with clinical characteristics of women submitted to mastectomy: the archimedes project

Introduction: Breast cancer is the second most common neoplasm among women, being responsible, per year, for 60 thousand new cases of breast cancer in Brazil. The treatment varies according to staging, and mastectomy is indicated in cases in which conserving surgery it is not possible. Mastectomy patients who do not present with indication for breast surgical reconstruction may have self-esteem problems, and external prostheses are one of the means to recover body image. Despite being an external, relatively simple device, external prosthesis may lead do pruritus, pain, paresthesia and postural changes. Therefore, the objective of this study is to describe the density of the female breast to serve as a base to improve these prostheses, considering that the current literature lacks studies to establish this parameter. Objectives: To determine the density of the female breast and correlate it with the clinical and epidemiological characteristics and the treatment. Subjects and Methods: This is a descriptive study that measured the mass and volume of 100 mastectomy specimens to calculate density, with correlation to factors such as age, parity, menstrual factors. Determination of frequencies, means and standard-deviation of the variables, with risk assessment, was carried out with the chi-square or the Fisher’s exact test for the expected values lower than 5, as well as the log-binomial model between the variables using the prevalence ratio with 95% confidence interval (GraphPad®, available at https://www.graphpad.com/quickcalcs/contingency2/). We considered p<0.05 as significant, and confidence intervals (CI) were established at 95%. Results: Of the 100 women included in this study, 78% were white, mean age was 58 years (300‒94 years), mean age at menarche was 13 years, and mean age at menopause was 49 years. Of the women submitted to mastectomy, 39% were in their reproductive years. Mean density of the mastectomy specimens in this study was 1.23g/cm3. There was statistically significant correlation regarding the difference in the density of the specimens in patients with Body Mass Index (BMI)>30 in relation to the density of the specimens in patients with BMI<30. In this aspect, we found lower density associated with BMI>30 (p=0.0025). Conclusion: unlike what we found in the literature, the mastectomy specimens are approximately 20% denser in relation to water and silicone, which are commonly used materials in internal and external prosthesis. This reference can collaborate with the development of prosthesis that are more similar to the natural breast, better adjusting to the daily life of women, with fewer side effects and better quality of life.

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CONDIÇÕES DE SAÚDE E ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE AGENTES COMUNITÁRIOS DE SAÚDE NO INTERIOR DO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO

Revista Ciência Plural ◽

10.21680/2446-7286.2020v6n1id17157 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 32-43

Author(s):

Amanda Almeida Gomes Dantas ◽

Nayara Priscila Dantas De Oliveira ◽

Mercês de Fátima dos Santos Silva ◽

Diego de Sousa Dantas

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Community Health ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

National Health Survey ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Chi Square ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Exact Test ◽

Significant Difference

Introdução: A saúde do trabalhador é um campo de relevância, mas que ainda está sendo consolidado no âmbito do sistema único de saúde (SUS). Partindo dessa compreensão, esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o estado nutricional e as condições de saúde dos agentes comunitários de saúde do município de Currais Novos-RN. Metodologia: Participaram da pesquisa 80 indivíduos de ambos os sexos. A coleta de dados envolveu um questionário padronizado elaborado especificamente para o referido trabalho, baseado na Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, realizada por o IBGE, para analisar as condições de vida e de saúde. Além disso, foram realizadas aferição de medidas antropométricas como peso, estatura, circunferência abdominal e dobras cutâneas, para analisar o estado nutricional. A análise bivariada foi realizada por meio do teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson ou Exato de Fisher, sendo verificada a magnitude da associação através da razão de prevalência com intervalo de confiança de 95%, por meio do programa estatístico SPSS for Windows versão 22.0. Resultados: De acordo com os resultados, viu-se que 63,8% dos participantes encontram-se com Sobrepeso/Obesidade. Conclusão: Todos os dados antropométricos apresentaram diferença significativa na análise bivariada, demonstrando que essas variáveis exercem influência no estado nutricional desses. Descritores: Agente Comunitário de Saúde; Saúde do Trabalhador; Condições de Saúde; Estado Nutricional. ABSTRACTIntroduction:Workers' health is a field of relevance, but it is still being consolidated within the scope of the single health system (SUS). Based on this understanding, this study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status and health conditions of community health agents in the municipality of Currais Novos-RN. Methodology: Participated in the study 80 individuals of both sexes. The data collection involved a standardized questionnaire elaborated specifically for the aforementioned study, based on the National Health Survey, conducted by the IBGE, to analyze the living and health conditions. In addition, anthropometric measures such as weight, height, waist circumference, and skinfolds were performed to analyze the nutritional status.The bivariate analysis was performed using the Pearson's Chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test, and the magnitude of the association was verified through the prevalence ratio with a 95% confidence interval, using the statistical program SPSS for Windows version 22.0. Results: According to the results, it was found that 63.8% of the participants they are Overweight / Obesity. Conclusion: And all anthropometric data presented a significant difference in the bivariate analysis, demonstrating that these variables influence the nutritional status of these. Descriptors: Community Health; Agent Worker’s Health; Health Conditions; Nutritional Status.

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Evaluation of toxoplasmosis risk on anxiety and perception of cat owner pregnant women

Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine ◽

10.52142/omujecm.38.2.18 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 154-158

Author(s):

Nur DOKUZEYLUL GÜNGÖR ◽

Tuğba GÜRBÜZ ◽

Selma Bozkurt ZİNCİR ◽

Banu DOKUZEYLÜL ◽

Erman OR ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Health Anxiety ◽

Anxiety Level ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Chi Square ◽

Exact Test ◽

Main Host ◽

The Difference ◽

At Home

Cats are the main host of Toxoplasma gondii and pregnant women who own cats at home may be at risk. This condition may cause anxiety and stress in pregnant women. The aim of this study is to evaluate toxoplasmosis risk on anxiety and perception of cat owner pregnant women. The study group consisted of 59 pregnant women feeding cats in the home and 369 pregnant women not feeding cats. A Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI-18) was used to measure the anxiety of all participants. Age and anxiety variables were analyzed using a two-sample independent t-test. Gravida, education, and job status were analyzed using chi-square tests, and live to abort ratio & pregnancy number were analyzed using Fisher exact test. Measurement of the anxiety level between the two groups showed that anxiety is significantly higher among the pregnant women who feed cats in their house with an average of 32.03±8.72. The average anxiety level among the pregnant women who don't have cats in their house was 25.94±8.99. The difference between the Health Anxiety Inventory of the two groups was significant (p= 0.0001) It was shown in the literature that pets can reduce anxiety but not studied in pregnant women, yet. Our results showed that pregnant women who own cats at home had more environmental anxiety than women who don’t feed cats at home which is possibly associated with fear of Toxoplasma gondii transmission. This anxiety may also cause unfavorable pregnancy outcomes like eclampsia, preterm birth, low birth weight and high incidence of cesarean delivery.

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The Difference Between Male and Female Breast Cancer

Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine ◽

10.1016/b978-012440905-7/50329-7 ◽

2004 ◽

pp. 648-657

Author(s):

MEREDITH SELLECK ◽

AMY TIERSTEN

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Female Breast Cancer ◽

Male And Female ◽

Female Breast ◽

The Difference

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Pattern of breast diseases in Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Kuwait

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.10754 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽

pp. 10754-10754 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. A. Alawadi ◽

M. D. Delvadiya

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Hormone Replacement ◽

Case Series ◽

Breast Diseases ◽

Age At Menarche ◽

Female Breast ◽

N2 Disease ◽

Case Series Study ◽

History Of ◽

Second Degree

10754 Background: The aim of this case series study is to evaluate the outline and pattern of female breast cancers in Kuwait. Methods: Our study consisted of data from 300 cases of female breast cancer seen in our outpatient department. Data on profile of their disease at presentation and known risk factors was retrieved. The analysis indented to examine the pattern of the disease and risk factor profile of the patients. Results: Out of 300 patients, 52% were Kuwaiti citizens, 24% were Arabs from other countries, 23% were of Asian origin and 1% was of other nationality. Their median age ± SD (Standard Deviation) was 50 ± 9.7 years. Most patients were younger than 55 years (77.4%) and were predominantly premenopausals (63%). Only 18% had stage I disease at presentation, whilst 54 %, 24 %, and 4% had stage II, III and IV disease, respectively. Among patients with known axillary nodal status (298 patients) 44.3% were node-negative whilst 39.6% and 16.8% had N1 and N2 disease, respectively. History of benign breast disease was positive in 9% and only 1% had breast biopsy done before the biopsy which diagnosed cancer. In 20.7% there was family history of breast cancer. Among them 11.7% had first degree relative with breast cancer, 3.3%, 7.3% and 1% patients had either mother, sister or both with history of breast cancer. Whilst 12% patients had second degree relatives with breast cancer, 3% patients out of them had both first and second degree relatives with breast cancer. History of alcohol ingestion was rare, only 0.7% patients were taking alcohol. 9.7% patients were nulliparous, while 10.7% patients had their first child after the age of 30 years. Breast feeding was common, 80 % patients breast fed their children and 43.3 % did that for more than 6 months. Age at menarche was 12 years or less in 34 % patients and age at menopause was more than 55 years in only 6.3% patients. Oral contraceptives were used by 38.7% patients, 12%, 9.3% and 17.3% patients used them for 2 or less, 2 to 5 or more than 5 years, respectively. Only 3% patients took hormone replacement therapy, 7 of them took that fore more than 2 years. Only 6 % patients gave history of smoking and only half of them were currently smoking. Conclusions: This data analysis suggested that pattern of breast cancer in Kuwait is similar to other countries in this region. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Screening and Early Diagnosis of Breast Cancer: Assessment of Knowledge and Practical Abilities of Final Year Nursing and Midwifery Students in Health Schools of Ouagadougou

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Care ◽

10.31557/apjcc.2017.2.3.47 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Nayi Zongo ◽

Sanon/Lompo Marthe Sandrine ◽

Bambara H. Aboubacar ◽

Soma Chantal ◽

Bambara Augustin Tozoula ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Study Data ◽

P Value ◽

Screening Methods ◽

Breast Cancers ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Difference

The Objective was to assess the knowledge and practical abilities of final year nursing and midwifery students in health schools of Ouagadougou relating to screening and early diagnosis of breast cancer. This is a cross-sectional, prospective and descriptive observational study conducted from 1st November 2014 to 31st January 2015. A sample of 403 students was used for this study. Data were collected using an individual questionaire and were typed on Epi data and then analyzed on SPSS software. Chi-square tests were used to compare the different proportions. The difference is considered to be significant if p value < 0.05. Three hundred and ninety nine students filled the questionnaire, i.e. a rate of non-respondents of 1%. All students were aware of the existence of breast cancer. The media (47.8%) was the main source of information. The level of knowledge of students was satisfactory with frequencies of 83.9% for risk factors; 91.6% for clinical signs; 83.4 % for screening methods and 88.1% for therapeutic terms of breast cancers. However, focus should be put on the teaching of cancerology and the supervision of students during internship, must be reinforced. These results attest that the level of students in the knowledge and practical abilities concerning screening and early diagnosis of breast cancer is satisfactory.

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Overexpression of SKA3 correlates with poor prognosis in female early breast cancer

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.12506 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e12506

Author(s):

Yue Zhong ◽

Zhenjie Zhuang ◽

Peiju Mo ◽

Mandi Lin ◽

Jiaqian Gong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Early Breast Cancer ◽

Poor Prognosis ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Molecular Subtype ◽

Enrichment Analysis ◽

Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽

Chi Square ◽

Exact Test ◽

Chi Square Test

Background Spindle and kinetochore associated complex subunit 3 (SKA3) plays an important role in tumorigenesis and the progression of various tumors. But the relationship between SKA3 and early breast cancer remains unclear. The study aimed to explore the prognostic significance of SKA3 in breast cancer. Methods In the study, SKA3 expression was initially assessed using the Oncomine database and The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA). Then, we presented validation results for RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription PCR) and ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The relationship between clinical characteristics and SKA3 expression was assessed by Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analysis were conducted to evaluate the prognostic value of SKA3. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to screen biological pathways using the TCGA dataset. Besides, single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was utilized to identify immune infiltration cells about SKA3. Results SKA3 mRNA was expressed at high levels in breast cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test showed SKA3 expression was related to age, tumor (T) classification, node (N) classification, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), molecular subtype, and race. RT-qPCR results showed that SKA3 expression was overexpressed in ER, PR status, and molecular subtype in Chinese people. Kaplan–Meier curves implicated that high SKA3 expression was related to a poor prognosis in female early breast cancer patients. Cox regression models showed that high SKA3 expression could be used as an independent risk factor for female early breast cancer. Four signaling pathways were enriched in the high SKA3 expression group, including mTORC1 signaling pathway, MYC targets v1, mitotic spindle, estrogen response early. Besides, the SKA3 expression level was associate with infiltrating levels of activated CD4 T cells and eosinophils in breast cancer. Conclusion High SKA3 expression correlates with poor prognosis and immune infiltrates in breast cancer. SKA3 may become a biomarker for the prognosis of breast cancer.

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Polymorphisms in Phase I (CYP450) Genes CYP1A1 (rs4646421), CYP1B1 (rs1056836), CYP19A1 (rs749292) and CYP2C8 (rs1058930) and Their Relation to Risk of Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Mazandaran Province in North of Iran

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2019.667 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (15) ◽

pp. 2488-2496 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Golpar Golmohammadzadeh ◽

Abbas Mohammadpour ◽

Nematollah Ahangar ◽

Mohammad Shokrzadeh

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Mazandaran Province ◽

Chi Square ◽

Exact Test ◽

Cyp1b1 Gene ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Control Study

BACKGROUND: The second leading cause of cancer-related death in women is breast cancer. Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes (XMEs) contribute to the detoxification of numerous cancer therapy-induced products. In the metabolism of xenobiotic, cytochrome P450s or monooxygenases perform an important function by catalysing the hydroxylation reaction. In this study, the susceptibility and genetic polymorphisms of CYP450 isoenzymes was investigated that may have an etiological role in breast cancer. AIM: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of CYP1A1 (rs4646421), CYP1B1 (rs1056836), CYP2C8 (rs1058930), and CYP19A1 (rs749292) polymorphisms with the risk of breast cancer in Mazandaran province. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional case-control study were recruited 72 patients and 51 healthy individuals and was performed between March 2018 to May 2018 in the Oncology Department at Imam Hospital in Sari city, Iran. Peripheral blood samples were collected in EDTA tube, and DNA extraction was performed using the salting-out method and WizPrep extraction kits. Breast cancer patients with known clinicopathological characters and healthy women as control group were genotyped for genes polymorphisms by PCR-RFLP technique, using restriction enzymes. Chi-square, Fisher exact test and Logistic regression model, were applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The results of the experiments showed that there was a significant relationship between two groups and the age of the patients is significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.044). According to the chi-square and Fisher exact test, education, pregnancy, menopause status and oppose were significant between the two groups. Based on using a logistic regression model in two normalized and age-adjusted models to finding relationship between the genotypes of each gene and breast cancer risk, it was determined that in the CYP2C8 genotype, those who have the CG allele have a 7.74 degree increased risk of breast cancer (CI = 95% 0.95-62.5) and in the CYP19A1 gene, individuals with GA genotype, increased risk of breast cancer (CI = %95 1.52-27.21), about the CYP1B1 gene, people with two genotypes of CG + GG had higher risk of breast cancer (CI = %95 1.19-5.71) and allele G has decreased risk of breast cancer in this gene (P = 0.0271), also allele G in CYP2C8 gene had the protective effect (P = 0.02). In the age-adjusted model, for the CYP2C8 gene, GG genotype increased risk of breast cancer (CI = %95 1.11-75.84) as well as, the CG + GG genotype in CYP1B1 gene (CI = %95 1.31-6.57). CONCLUSION: Our results confirm the association between CYP2C8 (rs1058930), CYP19A1 (rs749292) and CYP1B1 (rs1056836) gene polymorphisms and increased risk of breast cancer in women in Mazandaran province.

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Potential Association of Mitochondrial Haplogroups and A8860G Mutation with Breast Cancer Risk

10.1101/2021.02.12.21249541 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Han N. Mohammed Fadhl ◽

Farhad M. Abdulkarim

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽

Chi Square ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

P Values ◽

Exact Test ◽

Mtdna Mutations ◽

Potential Association ◽

Entire Mitochondrial Genome

AbstractThe last decade has witnessed great progresses regarding the molecular basis of breast cancer with discovery of different nuclear susceptibility genes; in addition investigations and researches regarding mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in breast cancer have been started. Mitochondrial haplogroup determinants (single nucleotide polymorphism SNP) and somatic mitochondrial mutations have recently been studied as possible risk factors for carcinogenic processes in different tissues, hence in order to identify breast cancer related SNPs and haplogroups among the population of Sulaimaniyah city/Iraq, the entire mitochondrial genome of 20-breast cancer samples and comparable controls were sequenced. Haplogrep 2.0 was used for haplogroup identification; Chi-square and Fishers exact test were applied to assess relational significance. HV haplogroup in the cancer samples appeared to be a risk factor for breast cancer compared to the most common H haplogroup in control samples with a p-values of 0.002 and 0.006 respectively and an Odd Ratio (OR) = 28.00. Besides, SNP (A8860G) was also identified as a risk factor for breast cancer as compared to other randomly selected SNPs (A750G, A1438G and C7028T) with p values □0.05 and OR >1.

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Comparison of video based learning and lecture based learning in last year medical faculty students

Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine ◽

10.52142/omujecm.38.2.17 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 150-153

Author(s):

Tonguç Utku YILMAZ ◽

Saffet ÇINAR ◽

Levent ALTINTAŞ ◽

Sertaç Ata GÜLER ◽

Zafer UTKAN

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Health Anxiety ◽

Anxiety Level ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Chi Square ◽

Exact Test ◽

Main Host ◽

The Difference ◽

At Home

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Epidemiological characteristics and the effectiveness of countermeasures to control coronavirus disease 2019 in Ningbo City, China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-26311/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xuying Lao ◽

Li Luo ◽

Zhao Lei ◽

Ting Fang ◽

Yi Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attack Rate ◽

Asymptomatic Infection ◽

Assessment Data ◽

Exact Test ◽

Imported Cases ◽

Asymptomatic Infections ◽

The Difference ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics ◽

High Disease Burden

Abstract Background: A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has spread widely and led to high disease burden around the world. This study aimed to explore key parameters of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to assess the effectiveness of interventions to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: A susceptible – exposed – infectious – asymptomatic – recovered (SEIAR) model was developed for the assessment. Data of symptomatic and asymptomatic infection of SARS-CoV-2 were collected to calculate the key parameters of the model in Ningbo City, China.Results: A total of 157 confirmed COVID-19 cases (including 51 imported cases and 106 secondary cases) and 30 asymptomatic infections were reported in Ningbo City. The proportion of asymptomatic has an increasing trend. The proportion of asymptomatic of elder people was lower than younger people, and the difference was statistical significant (Fisher’s Exact Test, P = 0.034). There were 22 clusters associated with 167 SARS-CoV-2 infections, among which 29 cases were asymptomatic, with a proportion of 17.37%. We found that the secondary attack rate of asymptomatic was almost the same as that of symptomatic cases, and no significance was observed (χ2 = 1.350, P = 0.245) by Kruskal-Wallis test. The effective reproduction number (Reff) was 1.43 which revealed that the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 was moderate. If the interventions were not strengthened, the duration of the outbreak would last about 16 months with a simulated attack rate of 44.15%. The total attack rate and duration of the outbreak would increase along with the increasing delay of intervention.Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 had moderate transmissibility in Ningbo City, China. Asymptomatic infection has the same transmissibility as symptomatic. The integrated interventions were implemented at different stages during the outbreak, which found to be exceedingly effective in China.

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