scholarly journals SEROPREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS C

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (04) ◽  
pp. 672-678
Author(s):  
Umar Hayat Khan ◽  
Ahmad Ali ◽  
Mohammad Akram ◽  
Aziz Marjan Khattak
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Safe Blood

Objectives: To find out seroprevalence of Hepatitis C among healthy blood donorsin Khyber PakhtunKhwa. Study Design: Descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: From1st July 2008 to March,2009. The study was conducted by department of Community MedicineKMU Institute of Medical Sciences, Kohat. All healthy blood donors who reported for bleeding inblood banks of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were screened for Hepatitis C antibodies. The study wasconducted in seventeen (17) districts and three (3) teaching hospitals. The kits used were rapidimmunochromatography kits. The kits were provided by safe blood transfusion project of KhyberPakhtunkhwa. Results: A total of 61170 healthy blood donors were screened during a period of 9months. Out of which 1341 (2.19%)were positive for hepatitis antibody. Conclusions: Hepatitis Cvirus infection has become a major health problem in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Blood is one of themain source of infection. Strict monitoring of blood is necessary before transfusion. To limit andprevent the spread of Hepatitis C, public awareness by print, social and electronic media is theneed of time. Resource allocation is necessary

INCIDENCE OF ABDOMINAL TUBERCULOSIS IN PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH PAIN ABDOMEN

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-15
Author(s):  
Pankaj Prasad Verma ◽  
Manjar Ali ◽  
Sanjay Singh ◽  
Vinay Pratap
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Services ◽  
Abdominal Tuberculosis ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Abdominal Symptoms ◽  
Pain Abdomen ◽  
Considerable Morbidity

Tuberculosis is a major health problem worldwide and in India continues to be responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality despite tremendous effort made in diagnosis, prophylaxis and therapy. The disease may involve any system of body but abdomen is one of the commonest site of involvement after lungs. This study is carrying to nd out Incidence of Abdominal Tuberculosis in patients of pain abdomen presenting as acute/chronic cases. The present study was carried out in the Department of Surgery, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, from April 2018 to September 2019. The total number of cases selected disease remains early detection. A continual awareness on the part of the clinician of the possibility of abdominal Tuberculosis in many patients with obscure abdominal symptoms should avoid errors and aid in the detection of a condition, which if treated early, not only produces remarkable remission and relief on the part of for this study was 1800. According to the presentation, the patients were clinically divided into 2 broad groups: those who were admitted as acute emergencies and those who came with a chronic presentation. From these two groups 100 cases were fall in our inclusion criteria. Of these 100 patients, most were in their third or fourth decades of life, and females were approx two times more commonly affected as their male counterparts, maintaining an approximate ratio of 1.86:1. Thus we had a 5.55 % incidence of abdominal Tuberculosis in this series. The development of cheap and efcient procedures for early diagnosis remains one of the practical problems to battle this disease, because the only way to decrease morbidity and mortality of this the patients but also takes unnecessary burden off the health care services.

scholarly journals Interaction of Hepatitis C Viral Proteins with Cellular Oncoproteins in the Induction of Liver Cancer

ISRN Virology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramareddy V. Guntaka ◽  
Mythili K. Padala
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Viral Proteins ◽  
Host Proteins ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Host Cell Proteins ◽  
Encoded Proteins ◽  
Altered Proteins

Hepatitis C virus infection is a major health problem all over the world. A large proportion of patients infected by HCV develop liver cirrhosis or cancer. However, the mechanism(s) remain to be elucidated. Since HCV does not carry any known oncogene, it is thought that interaction between virally encoded proteins and host proteins is responsible for carcinogenesis. Many crucial interactions between HCV-encoded proteins and host proteins have been reported. In this review we focus on the interaction of viral proteins with important regulators of cell cycle—oncoproteins YB-1, p53, and cyclin D1—which play a major role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA repair, and genomic stability. Genetic variants of HCV accumulate in patients and alter these interactions of host cell proteins. It is a battle between the virus and host and the final outcome depends on the winner; if the host succeeds in clearing the virus the patient may not develop serious liver diseases. On the other hand, if the virus dominates by evolving quasispecies which code for altered proteins that interact differently with host proteins, or induce mutations in host protooncogenes, then the patient may develop liver cirrhosis and/or liver cancer.

Seroprevalence and Trends of Transfusion Transmitted Coinfections among Blood Donors in North West Punjab - A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (14) ◽  
pp. 840-843
Author(s):  
Harjot Kaur ◽  
Parul Garg ◽  
Nirmaljot Kaur ◽  
Harmandeep Singh ◽  
Guneet Kaur Bakshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Blood Bank ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
North West ◽  
Chemiluminescent Immunoassay

BACKGROUND Blood transfusion has been a boon to medical science, but at the same time, it exposes millions of people to transfusion transmitted infections (TTI). TTI are the infections that are transmissible from one person to another through parenteral administration of blood / blood products. Various TTIs are hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis B (HBV), syphilis, human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) and malaria. With increasing use of blood transfusion, chances of transmission of TTIs is very common but proper screening of donor blood has reduced the chances of TTI. The present study was done to know the seroprevalence of HCV, HBV, HIV and syphilis and their coinfections. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the records from January 2015 to December 2019 at a blood bank of Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research at Amritsar, Punjab. Number of donors included in the study were 43,037. All the donors who came to blood bank were tested for TTIs by enhanced chemiluminescent immunoassay. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the records from January 2015 to December 2019 at a blood bank of Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research at Amritsar, Punjab. Number of donors included in the study were 43,037. All the donors who came to blood bank were tested for TTIs by enhanced chemiluminescent immunoassay. RESULTS Number of donors tested for TTI was 43,037. Out of 43037, 1739 patients had serological evidence of TTIs, out of which 1669 (96.19 %) had mono-infection and 70 (4.04 %) had coinfections. HCV & HBV (28 / 70) was the most common combination, followed by HCV & HIV (20 / 70), HCV & syphilis (9 / 70), HIV & syphilis (5 / 70), HBV & syphilis (3 / 70) and HBV & HIV (1 / 70). Two donors had HIV, HCV & syphilis coinfections and two donors had HIV, HBV & HCV coinfections. CONCLUSIONS The present study documents the high prevalence of TTI out of which hepatitis C is the most common followed by hepatitis B. Among coinfections, two most prevalent coinfections are HCV & HBV and HCV & HIV and it is important to screen for these coinfections due to their impact on the course of disease as well as quality of life. This shows the increasing evidence of transfusion transmissible infection in blood donors in spite of advanced and vigilant screening of donated blood prior to transfusion. So, strategies should be devised for monitoring the implementation of post donation counselling for recruitment of safe donors. KEYWORDS Coinfections, Transfusion Transmitted Infections, Seroprevalence

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of anti HCV antibodies among blood donors: a retrospective study from Haryana, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3389
Author(s):  
P. K. Sehgal ◽  
Anubha Garg
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Blood Donor ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Bank ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
North India ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Hcv Transmission ◽  
Donor Population ◽  
Safe Blood

Background: HCV is known for its chronicity and leads to cirrhosis in about 10 to 20 per cent of patients and may further progress to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The global seroprevalence of HCV among blood donors varies from 0.4 to 19.2 per cent and the estimated risk for HCV transmission is between 0.10 to 2.33 per million units transfused. ELISA is the most commonly used initial assay for detecting HCV antibodies. The purpose of the present analysis was to monitor the seroprevalence of anti-HCV antibodies in the blood donor population in a hospital based blood bank in north India for a period of 10 years (2007-2016), and to evaluate the trends over the years.Methods: The purpose of the present analysis was to monitor the seroprevalence of anti-HCV antibodies in the blood donor population in a hospital based blood bank in north India for a period of 10 years (2007-2016), and to evaluate the trends over the years.Results: Of the total 340078, 298421 (87.75%) collections were voluntary and 41657 (12.25%) were replacement collections. A prevalence of 0.72% of hepatitis C virus infection was seen among the donors from the period 2007-2016. The trend of hepatitis C prevalence among donors has been fluctuating while ranging from 0.51% to 0.89%.Conclusions: For a safe blood service in our country, where comprehensive laboratory tests are neither possible nor pragmatic, it is best to switch over to 100% voluntary donations, as it is now established that only voluntary non-remunerated regular donation is the safest. Thus, one of our key strategies to enhance blood safety is to focus on motivating non-remunerated blood donors and phasing out even replacement donors. Since, no vaccine is presently available for immunization against HCV infection, transfusion transmitted HCV infection remains a potential threat to the safety of the blood supply.

Frequency of Hypothyroidism in Chronic Hepatitis C patients treated with Standard Interferon Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Sami Ullah Mumtaz ◽  
Hina Akhtar ◽  
Kanza Ashraf ◽  
Tayyeba Komal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Interferon Therapy ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C Patients

Chronic hepatitis C is a major health problem associated with high mortality and morbidity. It is the most common chronic hepatitis leading to chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. One of the standard treatment used for hepatitis C is interferon therapy which can lead to thyroid dysfunction i.e. hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism

scholarly journals The incidence and spectrum of transfusion transmitted infections among the blood donors

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 904
Author(s):  
Smita Mahapatra ◽  
Gopal Krushna Ray ◽  
Rashmita Panigrahi ◽  
Pankaj Parida
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Safe Blood ◽  
Donated Blood

Background: Transfusion Transmitted Infections (TTIs), particularly through the viruses lead to the major health problems and challenges faced by the transfusion services for the supply of safe blood and blood components. The objective of the study is to assess the incidence and spectrum of five TTIs like Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Malaria Parasites (MP) and Syphilis among both voluntary and replacement blood donors in a span of seven years.Methods: Total 1, 38,994 voluntary and replacement blood donors were screened and 1,012 (0.73%) cases were seropositive of which 631 cases (0.64%) were found in voluntary donors and 381 cases (0.94%) were seen in replacement donors.Results: Majority of the donors were reactive for HBV infection (0.5%) followed by HCV (0.17%), HIV (0.052%), Syphilis (0.001%) and malaria (0.0005%). There was increase in the trend of seroprevalence of TTIs from 0.35% (2010) to 1.43% (2016) over the period which is a matter of consideration.Conclusions: It is therefore very important to continue preventive measures to combat this problem along with screening of donated blood units with highly sensitive test methods and post donation counselling of the seropositive donors for the prevention of further transmission risks.

scholarly journals Donor notification and response rate of sero-reactive blood donors: a challenge and long way to go

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2794
Author(s):  
Anjali Handa ◽  
Neetu Kukar ◽  
Deepika Aggarwal ◽  
Ram N. Maharishi
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Repeat Testing ◽  
Fundamental Part ◽  
Blood Donor Screening ◽  
Safe Blood ◽  
Observational Descriptive Study

Background: Supply of safe blood starts with healthy voluntary non remunerated blood donors. Blood donor screening and testing for TTI has become stringent all over the world. A fundamental part of preventing TTI is to notify and counsel reactive donors which help in preventing secondary transmission of infectious disease.Methods: This observational descriptive study is done to determine the number of contacted TTI reactive donors and their response rate after notification of their abnormal tests. It includes all the sero-reactive donors from July 2015 to June 2016 in the department of IHBT, GGSMCH. Blood donors who were sero-reactive for any TTI were recalled and tested again with ELISA kit of different manufacturer or lot number and by rapid card tests. Donors’ sero reactive on repeat testing were informed, counseled and referred to ICTC (for HIV) or Physician (for hepatitis B and hepatitis C). Confidentiality was maintained at every level.Results: During the study period, numbers of blood donors were 12621, out of which 343 blood donors were found to be sero-reactive. 23 donors were HIV, 230 Hepatitis C, 90 were HBsAg reactive. We could contact 182 out of 343 sero reactive donors telephonically. 161 sero-reactive did not attend blood bank phone call or their contact number was changed. Amongst the 182 contacted donors, 72 donors responded for the notification call and attended counseling.Conclusions: Response rate among reactive donors is quite low and a big challenge. This shows poor health care knowledge and social stigma regarding TTI among donors.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of transfusion transmissible infections among healthy blood donors at KIMS blood bank

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-139
Author(s):  
Sukrutha Gopal R ◽  
Radhika Chowdary D ◽  
Anil Kumar B
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Bank ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Syphilis Screening ◽  
Hepatitis C Viruses ◽  
Safe Blood ◽  
Improving Health Care ◽  
Hiv 1

Background: Safe blood is a critical component in improving health care and in preventing the spread of infectious diseases. Aims & Objectives: Blood transfusion can cause the transmission of infectious to recipients. This is an important mode of infection. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of such type of infection among blood donors and to compare the seroprevalence of transfusion transmitted diseases in blood donors. Retrospective study was conducted for 5 years from January-2009 to December-2013 at KIMS Blood Bank, Secunderabad. Materials and methods: All donors reporting to the blood bank during the period January-2009 to December-2013 were screened for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 & 2, hepatitis C viruses, malaria and syphilis. Screening of HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses were done by chemillumiencies and syphilis was screened by RPR method. Results: A total of 39780 voluntary blood donors were screened, of which 38697 were males and 1083 were females. Seropositivity of HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C viruses & syphilis were 0.26%, 1.28%, 0.51% and 0.03% respectively. No blood donors test showed positivity for malaria parasite. Conclusion: With the implementation of strict donor selection criteria and use of sensitive screening test, it may be possible to reduce the incidence of TTIs.

scholarly journals A retrospective analysis of trends of HIV and syphilis among blood donors in north India

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 3916
Author(s):  
P. K. Sehgal ◽  
Dinesh Garg
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
North India ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Safe Blood

Background: In India, it is mandatory to screen blood donors for HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis and malaria. The donor screening strategies include taking the elaborate medical history, performing preliminary clinical examination and screening for infectious markers. The infectious markers include anti-HIV (1 and 2) antibodies, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies, and malaria antigens, such as histidine rich protein (HRP) and pan-aldolase. National adult (15-49 years) HIV prevalence is estimated at 0.26% (0.22%-0.32%) in 20155 (0.30% among males and 0.22% among females). The objective of this study was to be carried out with the aim to find out the seroprevalence of HIV infection and its trend among the blood donors a hospital based blood transfusion service set up in north India over a period of six years.Methods: It was record based retrospective study from 2010 to 2015. Before donation "blood donation form" had been filled by every donor and this form had particulars about age, gender, address, and occupation, date of previous donation, any illness and medical treatment taken. The donor blood samples were collected at the time of blood donation from the primary bag and tested for the presence of HIV using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All donors were subjected to a pre-test counselling which was done by qualified staff trained to screen donors for blood donation.Results: A prevalence of 0.21% of HIV was seen among the donors from the period 2010-2015. The trend of HIV prevalence among donors has been fluctuating while ranging from 0.13% to 0.34%.Conclusions: HIV remains the major threat for transfusion transmitted infections in India. For a safe blood service in our country, where comprehensive laboratory tests are neither possible nor pragmatic, it is best to switch over to 100% voluntary donations, as it is now established that only voluntary non-remunerated regular donation is the safest. Thus, one of our key strategies to enhance blood safety is to focus on motivating non-remunerated blood donors and phasing out even replacement donors.

scholarly journals Angka Kejadian Pasien dan Penyebab Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue serta Peran Puskesmas dalam Upaya Penyembuhan dan Pencegahan pada Tahun 2018

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Affan Rayhan Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Public Health Office ◽  
And Control

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is still a major health problem in Indonesia, including in Karanganyar District. Data of Public Health Office of Karanganyar recorded an increase of dengue incidence in the Community Health Center in Karanganyar in the last 6 months in 2018. This was due to a lack of public awareness to make efforts to prevent and control the causes of DHF disease. The real and effective efforts are needed from all parties, especially from the Community Health Center and the surrounding community, to prevent and control the causes of DHF disease in order to reduce the incidence of DHF sufferers or even to eliminate them at all.

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