scholarly journals REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 081-099
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Tarar ◽  
Saira Akhtar ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal Zafar ◽  
Sher Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Health State ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Rural And Urban Area

Reproductive health is concerned with the people’s ability to have a satisfyingand safe sex life ensuring their capability to reproduce with a liberty of making a decision thatif, when and how often they have to do so. Objective: (1) To examine the females perceptions,attitude and practices about reproductive health services. (2) To determine the level of theirempowerment to take decisions and make choices regarding their own reproductive health. (3)To determine the level of the quality, availability and accessibility of reproductive health servicesand to suggest some measures for policy makers to improve the reproductive health state ofyoung mothers in district Faisalabad. Study Design: A sample of 600 young married females ofage 15-32 years were selected through multistage sampling technique. Period: 2009. SettingArea: Rural and urban area of District Faisalabad. Material and Method: Uni-variate (frequencydistribution and percentage) and Bi-variate analysis (Chi square and Gamma Statistics) wascarried out. Results: Most (44.0%) of the respondents belonged to age category of 26-30years; 35.5% were married up to 18 years; 39.3% had passed up to 5 years marriage duration;71.8% had primary and above level of education. Majority (65.9%) had up to Rs.10,000 permonth income, 49.2% possessed 6-10 family members, 73.5% beard at least 2 and abovelive children, 74.0 % perceived family planning good,79.7% had knowledge of FP and 26.0%practiced FPM (Family Planning Method). The most common FPMs were condom (33.3%) andtubectomy (21.8%) while 41.0% faced side effect because of FPM during their reproductive life.A huge majority (79.8%) of the respondents received ANC, 87.8% made regular visits for medicalcheckup and 48.8% got ANC from Pvt. Hospital during last pregnancy. Bi-variate analysisshowed highly significant relation among age at marriage, awareness level, monthly income,education, number of pregnancies, number of children, number of visits to medical centre,availability of RH services, cultural hindrance and age of respondents vs. their reproductivehealth. Conclusions: Although most of the females were young & educated mothers with goodreproductive health experience and perceived FM good but still lacking in practicing FMPswhich indicates that we need to pay more attention towards female empowerment and decisionmaking authority status at domestic level.

scholarly journals KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (06) ◽  
pp. 690-704
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Tarar ◽  
Saira Akhtar ◽  
Yasir Nawaz Manj ◽  
Manzoom Akhtar ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal Zafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Health State ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Rural And Urban Area ◽  
Hiv Aids

Reproductive health is concerned with the people’s ability to have a satisfyingand safe sex life ensuring their capability to reproduce with a liberty of making a decision that if,when and how often they have to do so. In Pakistan, culturally females are married at a youngage; become mothers and are at risk of health complications i.e. HIV/ STD and STI. There isless utilization of reproductive health services throughout Pakistan that ultimately affects healthstatus of people at very young age. Most of the communities are not aware of reproductivehealth services, thus not availing these facilities. Objective: So the present study was designedto examine the females perceptions, attitude and practices about reproductive health servicesas well as to determine the level of their empowerment to take decisions and make choicesregarding their own reproductive health besides determining the level of the quality, availabilityand accessibility of reproductive health services and to suggest some measures for policymakers to improve the reproductive health state of young mothers in district Faisalabad. StudyDesign: A sample of 600 young married females of age 15-32 years was selected throughmultistage sampling technique. Period: 2009. Setting: Rural and urban area of DistrictFaisalabad. Material and Method: Uni-variate (frequency distribution and percentage) and Bivariateanalysis (Chi square and Gamma Statistics) was carried out. Results: Most (44.0%) ofthe respondents belonged to age category of 26-30 years; 35.5% were married for 18 years;39.3% had been married for 5 years; 71.8% had primary and above level of education. Majority(65.9%) had up to Rs.10,000 per month income, 49.2% possessed 6-10 family members,73.5% had at least 2 and above live children. Majority had the knowledge of reproductive health(67.7%) and HIV/AIDs (54.7%) whereas most of females had no knowledge of STIs (69.8%),RTIs (52.3%) and its development (51.8%). Most of the females experienced headache (62.8%),swelling of different body parts (61%) and back pain (62.7%) during their reproductive life. Bivariateanalysis showed highly significant relation among age at marriage, number of children,cultural hindrance and age of respondents vs. their reproductive health. Conclusion: Althoughmost of the females were young & educated mothers with good reproductive health experiencebut still lacking in knowledge about STIs, HIV/AIDS, RTIs and breast cancer that is because ofcultural hindrance, early age marriage pattern and male dominancy which indicates that weneed to pay more attention towards female education and empowerment and decision makingauthority status at domestic level through community mobilization with the help of NGOs,Religious scholars and existing health system/ Health personnel’s .i.e. doctors/ nurses /LHV/FHW.

scholarly journals Utilization of Reproductive Health Services among Youths in Owerri, Southeastern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Onyeneke, J.U. ◽  
Ibebuike, J. ◽  
Vincent, C.C.N.
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Reproductive Services ◽  
Youth Friendly

Youths are faced with immense reproductive health problems and they have limited access to reproductive health services. This study was carried out to investigate the utilization of reproductive health services among youths in Owerri, Southeastern Nigeria. The study was a descriptive cross sectional study and the multistage sampling technique was adopted to select samples for the study. A well-structured questionnaire was used to interview the subjects and obtain data for the study which was uploaded into the SPSS version 21 software and the Chi-square was used to test for association at 5% level of significance. A total of 424 people were studied comprising of 276 (65.1%) males and 148 (34.9%) females. Results showed that only 106 (25%) showing good knowledge of reproductive health services while 318 (75%) showed poor knowledge. Among the 148 that have used reproductive services, 56.8% responded that they seek reproductive services in the home of a health worker, 29.1% seek reproductive health services through public health facilities such as health centers, clinic or NGO, and 14.2% obtain their reproductive health services through drug shops such as a pharmacy or chemist. SPSS analysis using the Chi-square showed that the male gender showed poorer knowledge of RHS than the female gender but gender was not found to be significant (p=0.098, χ2=1.993). Other significant socio-demographic factors include marital status (p=0.0001, χ2= 46.29), living pattern (p=0.005, χ2=6.93) and education (p=0.0001, χ2= 17.8). In conclusion, the study showed that the knowledge and the level of utilization RHS is still low among youths in the study area. It was recommended that stakeholders sensitize the public on the importance of youth reproductive health services and strengthen the idea of youth friendly reproductive health services. Keywords: Youth, Utilization, Knowledge, Reproductive Health Services, Youth Friendly Services.

scholarly journals SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF EDUCATION AND REDUCTION IN FAMILY SIZE IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA-PAKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jawad ◽  
Aman Ullah ◽  
Saima Sarir ◽  
Seema Zubair ◽  
Alamgeer Khan
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Chi Square Test

Purpose of the study: The present study examines the association between education and reduction in family size in district Peshawar. Methodology: The results are based on the data gathered from 384 sampled respondents belonging to 6 communities that included 3 each from rural and urban areas of District Peshawar. The chi-square test was applied for statistical analysis. Main Findings: The study found a positive trend among the sampled families towards the decrease in family size which found the norm in the selected area where many respondents were still considering a large number of children as the blessing of Almighty Allah. The major role this regard was played by the education of the sampled respondents through generating more awareness about small family size along with increased exposure to norms favoring a decrease in family size. It was also influenced by more communication among the sampled couples. The education further enabled the sampled respondents to get more information about family planning and the institutions designed to promote family planning in Pakistan. It ultimately motivated the respondents to use contraceptives to decrease family size. Applications of this study: The study recommends promoting and enhancing the trend through a campaign for bringing a change in the attitude and action of the people towards making a family size required for the country. The originality of this study: This study will be helpful for policy Implications.  

scholarly journals Batak Women's Reproductive Health Rights in Determining the Number of Children and Joining the KB Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-420
Author(s):  
Esra Simanjuntak ◽  
Sri Rahayu Sanusi ◽  
Asfriyati
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Women’S Reproductive Health ◽  
The Right ◽  
Women's Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Rights

Women's rights based on a patriarchal system which questioned the different biological conditions of women and men are the will of nature (nature), so things such as destiny and nature cannot be changed. Reproductive health is a state of perfect health both physically, mentally and socially and is not merely free from disease or disability in all aspects related to the reproductive system, its functions and processes. Reproductive health problems that occurred in Muara District in 2018, the total coverage of Ante Natal Care visits was 91 out of 299 pregnant women (30.43%). The achievement of use of contraception in 2018 out of 3476 the number of fertile age couples was 1150 people (33.08%) who used family planning and the choice of delivery assistance chosen by the community by a dukun berakak (sibaso). This study aims to explore in depth the perceptions of women's experiences in obtaining the right to determine the number of children and the right to attend the family planning program. This research is a qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. Sampling in this study was conducted by purposive sampling technique. From the suitability and adequacy of the data obtained, there were six informants who participated in this study. The main informant was a Batak woman. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews supplemented with field notes. The results showed that there were a number of women's reproductive health rights that had not yet been fulfilled, namely the right to determine the number of children and birth spacing and the right to attend the KB program. Patriarchal culture influences the position of women in society, women do not know their reproductive health rights. Researcher's suggestion in this study is that health workers have an important role in improving the degree of reproductive health, it is necessary to conduct cross-program and cross-sectoral collaboration with local community leaders to promote women's reproductive rights, because the community is easier to accept input and opinions given by the king custom.

ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOR IN UNWANTED PREGNANCY PREVENTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Arip Ambulan Panjaitan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Adolescent Behavior ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Adolescent are at high risk of unwanted pragnency, including abortion, STIs, HIV/AIDS. Risky sexual behavior is one of the entrance transmissions of unwanted pregnancy. Such behavior can be influenced by various factors, beyond and within the individual factors. Teens need the support and motivation in deciding not to do risky sexual behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate the determinants of adolescent behavior in the prevention of unwanted pregnancy.Methods: This research used cross-sectional design. The populations were students of senior high school in District Sintang. The were 123 respondents chosen by cluster sampling technique for this study. All data were collected using questionnaires and then analysed using bivariate (chi square) and multivariate analysis (logistic regression).Results: The results showed that the majority of respondents did not have good knowledge about the prevention of unwanted pregnancy. Related variable is the level of parental education (p=0.001), the support of parents/guardians (p=0.009), support teachers (p=0.005), peer support (p=0.039), residency (p=0.009), a pastime activity (p=0.000), knowledge of adolescents about reproductive health (p=0.016), perception ability of adolescents (p=0.006) and attitude of adolescents (p=0.049). Adolescent self-perception abilities are variables that most influence on the behavior of adolescents in the prevention of unwanted pregnancy.Conclusions: Efforts to improve reproductive health programs should be early and adolescent have responsibilities as well as healthy behaviors.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yana van der Meulen Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Restrictive Legislation

Chapter 7 concludes by highlighting the three biggest messages from the analysis presented in this book: (1) the global gag rule has failed to achieve its goal of reducing abortions; (2) restrictive legislation is associated with more unsafe abortions; and (3) the expanded global gag rule is likely to have negative repercussions across a range of health outcomes for women, children, and men. They are simple but powerful messages that should be heard by policymakers over the voices calling for an ideologically based policy that fails to achieve its desired outcome. The chapter closes with a more constructive and cost-effective approach for US family-planning assistance that targets integrated reproductive health services.

scholarly journals Quick and collaborative response to teenage pregnancies in a poor semi-rural area of Belgium

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Déom ◽  
L Ben Abdelhafidh ◽  
N Annez ◽  
C Glorie ◽  
M Roland
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
The City

Abstract Early pregnancies are often linked to precarious situations. Even if Belgium has seen a decrease in teenage pregnancies, in the former mining region of the Hainaut there are still twice as many births to young women under 20 compared to the national rate. Colfontaine is one of the poorest cities in Belgium. Last year, one of the local high schools counted 10 pregnant teenagers out of 450 students. Médecins du Monde was already present in the city at the time with a mobile health clinic called the Médibus. In response, we carried out a mapping of the local sexual and reproductive health actors. The lack of accessibility to social and health structures capable of welcoming teenagers anonymously and free of charge quickly emerged as a problem, the nearest family planning center being located 30 minutes away by bus. In September 2019, in partnership with 5 local health actors, we decided to reshape the Médibus into the Adobus in order to offer family planning consultations, health promotion and harm reduction activities at the high school once a week. In addition to offering health information services, we also aim to detect teenagers experiencing vulnerable situations such as addiction, violence, gender issues and refer them to appropriate services. Halfway through the project, we met 430 teenagers in 14 afternoons. The most common reasons for consultation (N = 310) were questions related to contraception for 29% and to sexually transmitted infections for 24,5%. 70,9% of teenagers received condoms and 13 girls were tested for pregnancy. One girl received a morning-after pill. 3 teenagers with addiction problems and 17 victims of violence were detected. The teams referred 18 teenagers to other services. The success of this outreach project confirms the need for information regarding sexual and reproductive health for teenagers living in precarious situations as well as the need to develop reachable and affordable sexual and reproductive health services in semi-rural areas. Key messages Outreach is an efficient approach to respond to teenagers’ needs in poor semi-rural areas. Outreach facilitated the detection of early pregnancies, addiction and violence issues among teenagers.

What Does Family Building Mean? A Qualitative Exploration and a New Definition: a Uk-based Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bola Grace ◽  
Jill Shawe ◽  
Geraldine Barrett ◽  
Nafisat Ohunene Usman ◽  
Judith Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Pregnancy Prevention ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Fertility Awareness ◽  
Pregnancy Planning ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Family Building

Abstract Introduction The importance of improving men’s and women’s knowledge of sexual and reproductive health has been emphasised in numerous global health policies. Fertility awareness literature highlights a disproportionately higher number of articles related to pregnancy-prevention compared to pregnancy-planning, which is justifiable in many contexts. However, the recent concerted effort to improve fertility awareness warrants a closer investigation of basic terminologies in the field. For example, although the term family planning encompasses attaining the desired number of children and spacing pregnancies, it is typically attributed to the practice of limiting the number of children.MethodsWe conducted 35 qualitative in-depth interviews on men, women and healthcare professionals who were sampled from a UK cross-sectional survey. We asked participants about terms such as ‘family planning’ and ‘family building’ to elicit views and explored the appropriateness of the term “family building.” Data were transcribed and analysed via Framework analysis. Results When asked what ‘family planning’ meant to them, study participants stated that the term meant the avoidance of pregnancy. They viewed it as an “umbrella term for the use of contraception methods,” that “paradoxically, the term family planning almost has a negative connotation regarding having a family,” but could not state similar terminology for planning a family. Reasons cited for this perspective include the focus of school education and usage in clinical settings. Conclusions In the absence of an explicit definition in literature, we generated a new definition for family building as follows: “Family building refers to the construction or formation of a family, which can include steps or actions taken by an individual towards having children. In contrast to family planning, the intent focuses on pregnancy planning and childbearing rather than pregnancy prevention. However, it can also include actions taken to space the number of children one has.” Some balance in the global public health messages, including bridging the gap in reproductive health literature, may contribute to the effort to improve fertility knowledge. Additionally, this has implications for promotion of preconception and optimising reproductive health in order to enable men and women achieve their desired fertility intentions, whatever they may be.

scholarly journals Еffect of insect infestation on the economic value of smoked fish sold in selected markets in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
A.A. Ayeloja ◽  
F.O.A. George ◽  
W.A. Jimoh ◽  
G.L. Adebisi
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Insect Infestation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Smoked Fish ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Multistage Sampling

Abstract. In the present study a multistage sampling technique using semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio- economic characteristics of the respondents and on economic loss of smoked fish resulting from insect pest infestation. Smoked fishes were bought from 10 markets in Oyo state, South West of Nigeria and checked in the laboratory for the insect pests. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square. Results indicated that insects at their larvae stage cause more economic loss to smoked fish than adult insects while Necrobia rufipes and Dermestes spp. are the insects found to infest the smoked fishes in this study. The insect infestation of the smoked fish leads to huge economic loss. Of all respondent groups the women dominate smoked fish business.

scholarly journals Challenges for Transforming Family Planning Rights into Practices in Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Khadga Bahadur Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Family Planning Services ◽  
Developing Nation ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
High Level

Transforming family planning rights into practices is not an easy task especially in a developing nation like Nepal where society is patriarchal and literacy is low. Besides, coverage and quality of reproductive health services and active involvement of the community is crucial in the transformation. For properly addressing these challenges, all the sectors that provide family planning services need to act on advocacy, creating demand, reshaping service delivery, sustainability (financial and self-reliance) and high level political and financial commitments are necessary.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v12i2.9874 Health Prospect Vol.12(2) 2013: 42-46

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