EVALUATION RISK FACTORS OF NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS

Introduction: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a condition where the intestinesbecome infected and can begin to die. Necrotizing enterocolitis is a serious condition that mayrequire surgery, and has a high morbidity and mortality rate. Objectives: To evaluate the riskfactors of necrotizing enterocolitis among neonates at children hospital Multan. Study Design:Descriptive Cross-sectional study. Setting: Neonatal Unit of Children Hospital and Institute ofChild Health Multan. Period: October 2015 to September 2016. Material and Methods: A total of79 neonates presented with necrotizing enterocolitis were enrolled for the possible causes. Theparameters studied included gestational age at birth, birth weight, maternal risk factors, patientrisk factors, age when feeding was started, type of feed, age when signs of NEC appeared,per feed increment, presence of any antecedent associations, clinical features, radiologicalfeatures, blood investigations (complete blood counts, blood glucose, serum sodium, serumpotassium, serum creatinine, liver function tests), ABGs, stool for occult blood and culture,septic screening and blood culture, management(medical or surgical) and outcome. The datawas analyzed using SPSS-20. Results: Out of a total of 79 neonates, 48 (60.8%) were maleand 31(39.2%) female. There were 71% infants who were younger than 32 gestational weeksand 67.7% under 1500 grams. The majority of neonates 62 (78.5%) commenced enteral feedswithin the first 24 hours. First feeding was started at a mean 5.6 ± 3.85 (2-17) days. Prematuritywas the commonest factor and present in 63 (79.9%) neonates. Abdominal distention was thecommonest symptoms 55% followed by bilious vomiting in 15%. Blood culture was positive in22 (27.8%) with predominance of gram negative microorganisms. According to Bell’s staging,54 (68.35%) neonates had stage I, 17 (21.5%) stage II, and 8 (10.1%) neonates were in stageIII. Conclusion: In most of the cases, the causes of necrotizing enterocolitis were presentand prematurity was the main etiological factor. Cautiously introducing enteral feeds usingexpressed maternal breast milk and increasing feed volumes slowly is important in reducingthe incidence amongst high risk individuals.

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Sero-Prevalence of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia in Goats in Afgoye District Lower Shabelle Region, Somalia

Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research ◽

10.23880/oajvsr-16000203 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Omar Mohamed Abdi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Latex Agglutination ◽

Economic Losses ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mycoplasma Capricolum ◽

Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia ◽

Epidemiological Risk ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Background: Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae (Mccp), is one of the most important goat diseases causing high morbidity and mortality, these results in heavy economic losses to countries like Somalia, which is a country affected the civil war of the 1990s. Objective: Generally, the disease presence has been reported in the country. However, there is no quantitative data on the prevalence and distribution of the disease has been scientifically reported in the country. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2019 to June 2020 in three villages of Afgoye district of Somalia to assess the seroprevalence and identify the associated risk factors for the occurrence of the CCPP. The risk factors considered included sex, age, and locations. Results: A total of 100 blood samples were collected and evaluated by Capri-Latex Agglutination Test (Capri-LAT). A total of 49/100 (49%, CI 95%: (38.86%-59.2%) goats were seropositive for anti-CCPP antibody. The epidemiological risk factors considered, sex, age and locations, were not significantly associated with the CCPP sero prevalence (p>0.05). However, the sero positivity was slightly higher in female (51%, 95% CI: 39.8-62.6), >3 years old goats (86.3%, 95% CI: 48.9-87.4) and Markazka village (56%, 95% CI: 41.3-70.0) compared to male (40%, 95% CI: 19.1-63.9), 1-3 years old (57.5%, 95% CI: 40.9- 73.0), and Shareeco (43.8%, 95% CI: 19.8-70.1) and Siinka (41.2%, 95% CI: 24.7-59.3) villages, respectively. Conclusion: The present study indicates the prevalence of CCPP in the studies areas and this requires practicable measures to be put in place towards the control of the disease.

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Incidence and risk factors of neonatal thrombocytopenia: a pr

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi50.1.2010.31-7 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

Nila Kusumasari ◽

Rinawati Rohsiswatmo ◽

Djajadiman Gatot ◽

Darlan Darwis

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽

Late Onset ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Neonatal Thrombocytopenia ◽

Complete Blood Counts

Background Thrombocytopenia is the most common hematological abnormality in the neonatal period. Hemorrhagic manifestations are found in 10% cases of thrombocytopenia. Neonatal thrombocytopenia commonly assumed due to sepsis, despite many risk factors that may caused thrombocytopenia.Objective To obtain incidence and risk factors of neonatal thrombocytopenia.Methods A cross sectional study was conducted in April 2009. Complete blood counts investigation was performed before age of 24 hours, medical conditions and risk factors of mothers and subjects were noted, as well as hemorrhagic manifestations. Subjects with thrombocytopenia were followed for 2 weeks. The risk factors consisted of hypertension in pregnancy, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation, gestational diabetes mellitus, perinatal infection, asphyxia, sepsis, and necrotizing enterocolitis.Results Neonatal thrombocytopenia was found 17 (12.1%) of 140 subjects, consisted of 88.2% early onset and 11.8% late onset. Significant risk factor of mother was pre-eclampsia (PR 3.97, 95%CI 1.70 to 9.25), while significant risk factors of neonates were asphyxia (PR 5.66, 95%CI 2.49 to 12.86), sepsis (PR 5.33, 95%CI 2.33-12.19) and necrotizing enterocolitis (p=0.014; PR 9.2 95% CI 5.17 to14.84). We found 29.4% hemorrhagic cases of neonatal thrombocytopenia (i.e.,. skin, gastrointestinal, intracranial hemorrhage).Conclusions The incidence of neonatal thrombocytopenia was 12.2%. Significant risk factor of mother that caused thrombocytopenia was pre-eclampsia, while risk factors of neonates were asphyxia, sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis.[Paediatr Indones. 2010;50:31-7].

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A Cross Sectional Study to Estimate Prevalence and Maternal Risk factors with term low Birth weight Babies

Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development ◽

10.5958/0976-5506.2018.00627.7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 128

Author(s):

D. Sridhar ◽

A. Sai Ram ◽

P. Narasimha Reddy

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Maternal Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maternal Risk ◽

Low Birth Weight Babies ◽

Estimate Prevalence

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Prevalence and risk factors associated with low birth weight babies-a cross sectional study

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20212466 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 1168

Author(s):

Gurunathan Gopal

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maternal Risk ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The World

Background: Babies with a birth weight of less than 2500 grams, irrespective of the period of their gestation are termed as low birth weight (LBW) babies. Despite consistent efforts to improve the quality of maternal and child health, more than twenty million LBW babies are born every year throughout the world. The present study was to explore the effects of various maternal risk factors associated with low birth-weight of institutionally delivered newborns. Across the world, neonatal mortality is 20 times more likely for LBW babies compared to normal birth weight (NBW) babies (>2.5 kg).Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of ACS Medical College and Hospital, Chennai from December 2019 to October 2020. Altogether 350 babies were taken who were delivered at ACS hospital.Results: The number of times of ANC attendance was also significantly associated with LBW, odds ratio (OR)=1.296, and p=0.001. The number of meals was not associated with LBW OR=0.946, and p=0.831. The gestational age assessed as completed weeks of pregnancy was significantly associated with LBW OR=3.302; p=0.00001.Conclusions: This study suggests that there are several factors interplaying which lead to LBW babies. Socio-demographic factors (maternal age and gestational age) and antenatal care are more important.

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ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DIARRHEA IN WORK AREA HEALTH DISTRICT CHARMING CITY Sidomulyo PEKANBARU

Photon: Jurnal Sain dan Kesehatan ◽

10.37859/jp.v7i01.566 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (01) ◽

pp. 99-112

Author(s):

Chairil

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Test Results ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Continuity Correction ◽

Work Area ◽

Chi Square Test

Diarrhea is one of the diseases that get priority eradication program because of the high morbidity and caused many deaths. In an effort to decrease the morbidity due to diarrhea important to know the factors that become menyebab incidence of the disease include the state of the environment, disease vector, personal hygiene, snack habits, and health services. The research was done at Village West Sidomulyo Tuah Karya and Sidomulyo subdistrict Puskesmas Handsome that during the period of the last 4-6 months of diarrhea always get into the top 10 diseases. The research objective was to determine the relationship between risk factors with the incidence of diarrhea. The study was a cross sectional study, using a questionnaire. Sampling was done by randomsampling, some 96 respondents. Results of research for the environmental health situation no association with diarrhea because of the test results chi-square statistic with continuity correction values obtained p = (1.00)> α = (0.05), disease-carrying vector no association with diarrhea because of test results chi-square statistic with continuity correction values obtained p = (1.00)> α = (0.05), there is no relationship between personal hygiene with diarrhea, because of the results of statistical chi-square test with continuity correction values obtained p = (0.69)> α = (0.05), there was no relationship between snacks at roadside with diarrhea, because of the results of statistical chi-square test with continuity correction values obtained p = (1.00)> α = (0, 05) there is no relationship between counseling with diarrhea, because of the results of statistical chi-square test with continuity correction values obtained p = (0.42)> α = (0.05), the variables being researched nothing to do with diarrhea , but it diskritif there, it is to note could be a risk for diarrhea will occur, it is necessary to promotive and preventive efforts.

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Frequency of maternal risk factors in diagnosed cases of early neonatal sepsis.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.12.233 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 2044-2047

Author(s):

Faraz Ahmed ◽

Mohsin Ali ◽

Hussan Ali Sarwar ◽

Miqdad Haider ◽

Muhammad Bilal Safdar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Preterm Delivery ◽

Neonatal Sepsis ◽

Neonatal Morbidity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Maternal Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maternal Risk ◽

Early Neonatal Sepsis ◽

Study Setting

One of the major and important but preventable causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality is Neonatal sepsis. Objectives: To determine the frequency of maternal risk factors in diagnosed cases of early neonatal sepsis. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Setting: Nursery, Department of Children Hospital and the institute of child health, Lahore. Period: 15-01-2016 to 15-07-2016. Material and Methods: After approval from hospital ethical committee, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 250 patients were enrolled in the study from nursery department of children hospital, Lahore. Maternal risk factors i.e. PROM, meconium stained liquor and preterm delivery were recorded along with the demographic information of each case. Results: In our study, out of 250 cases, cases between 1-2 days were 64.8% (n=162) while cases between 3 days of life were 35.2% (n=88), mean+sd was resulted as 2.17+0.69 days. Frequency of maternal risk factors in diagnosed cases of early neonatal sepsis was turned out as 64.8% (n=162) PROM, 29.6% (n=74) meconium stained liquor and preterm delivery was resulted in 21.2% (n=53). Conclusion: The leading maternal risk factor is PROM followed by meconium stained liquor and preterm delivery in diagnosed cases of early neonatal sepsis.

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Risk of hearing loss in small for gestational age neonates

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi51.1.2011.52-7 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 52 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Melani Rakhmi Mantu ◽

Lelani Reniarti ◽

Sjarif Hidajat Effendi

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Hearing Loss ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Later Life ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Maternal Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maternal Risk

Background Small for gestational age (SGA) neonates often have intrauterine growth restriction due to placental insufficiency and chronic hypoxia. These conditions may cause developmental impairment, psychosocial disabilities, or metabolic dysfunction in later life. Previous studies have shown greater incidence of speech and language disabilities, learning impairment, and neuromotor dysfunction in term SGA infants compared to term appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants.Objective To compare hearing loss in SGA and AGA neonates using otoocoustic emission (OAE) tests and to study correlations between maternal risk factors and hearing loss in SGA neonates.Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in St. Borromeus Hospital, Limijati Hospital, and Melinda Hospital in Bandung from February to May 2010. Study subjects consisted of full-term neonates born in these three hospitals. A retrospective medical record review was performed for this study. Statistical analysis was done by multivariable logistic-regression.Results There was a total of 4279 subjects in our study, including 100 SGA neonates and 4179 AGA neonates. We observed a greater percentage of OAE 'refer' (indicating abnormal OAE) results in the SGA group compared to the AGA group (P<0.001, Z=13.247). For suhjects with OAE 'refer' results, we also analyzed the correlation to the following maternal risk factors: smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and asthma. We also found significant differences between those with and without each of the four maternal risk factors studied (P< 0.001). By using multivariant analysis to compare SGA and AGA neonates, we found the odds ratio (OR) to he 4.34 (95% CI 2.52 to 7.49, P=0.001), meaning the SGA group had a 4.34 times higher risk of hearing loss than the AGA group.Conclusion SGA neonates had a higher risk of hearing loss than AGA neonates. In addition, maternal smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and asthma significantly correlated to hearing loss in all newborns. [

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Assessment of epidemiological profile of neonatal seizure cases admitted to a tertiary health center of Odisha, India: a cross-sectional study

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20185205 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 181

Author(s):

Geetanjali Sethy ◽

Dhaneswari Jena ◽

Pullakranjan Mallik ◽

Sithun Kumar Patro ◽

Biswakalyan Mishra

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Newborn Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Neonatal Seizures ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Maternal Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maternal Risk ◽

Medical College ◽

Epidemiological Profile

Background: Neonatal seizures are common manifestations of neurologic dysfunction in newborns. The incidence of seizures in neonatal period is higher than any other period of life. It is one of the common causes of admission to special newborn care unit. Therefore, it has been decided to assess the epidemiological profile of neonatal seizure.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January2017 to June 2018, in the SNCU of MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur. A total of 300 neonates admitted to SNCU with clinically apparent seizure were the study population and convenient sampling method was used for selecting them. The approval was taken from IEC MKCG Medical College to carry out the study. The data was collected by using a pretested proforma from parents and hospital records. Verbal informed consent was taken from parents. The data so collected was analysed in the department of Pediatrics.Results: Out of the total 300 babies, 66% were males, 61.34% were early neonates,77% babies were of primi mothers,76% of babies were outborn . 62.12% of babies were born by vaginal route. HIE was most common (88%) cause of seizure. Out of the all seizure types, subtle seizure was most common (87.67%), followed by clonic seizure (35.67%). Various maternal risk factors were present in 81.81 % of cases. Most common risk factor was anemia (50.57%).18.93% of cases were born with history of obstructed labor/prolonged labor. Overall mortality was 8%.Conclusions: Neonatal seizures are important causes of morbidity and mortality in newborns. Prevention of HIE and maternal risk factors along with early use of an effective drug with minimum side effects are the ways to overcome this problem.

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Inadequate awareness of cervical cancer and its prevention among young women of Delhi, India: public health policy implications

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2019-0108 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Priyanka Sharma ◽

Meenakshi Bhilwar ◽

Poornima Tiwari ◽

Pragyan Paramita Parija ◽

Sunil Kumar Saha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cervical Cancer ◽

Women Students ◽

Young Women ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Policy Implications ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Cross Sectional

AbstractBackgroundThe increasing burden of cancer is a cause of concern worldwide including in India. Cervical cancer is amongst the most common cancers among women associated with high morbidity and mortality. Younger women are at risk of acquiring human papilloma virus (HPV) infection that can lead to cervical cancer later in life. The present study is an attempt to assess awareness about cervical cancer, its prevention and HPV among young women so that future policies can be designed accordingly.MethodologyThis was a cross-sectional study conducted among college-going women students of Delhi. Data was collected using a pre-designed, pretested semi-structured tool followed by descriptive statistical analysis.ResultsAlthough 83% women students had heard of cervical cancer, the signs and symptoms were known to less than half (41.9%) of the students. HPV vaccine availability was known to 56.0% of the students, but very few students were vaccinated (15.0%). Similar disparity was also found in screening knowledge and practices.ConclusionWith poor knowledge about risk factors, and preventive strategies among young women, this study highlights the need for health education programmes related to cervical cancer targeting young women. As most of the risk factors of cervical cancer are modifiable, awareness generation at a young age could bring about a paradigm shift in incidence and the mortality associated with it.

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