scholarly journals Surgical repair of Vesico-Vaginal: Vaginal route versus abdominal route.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1650-1655
Author(s):  
Abdul Qayoom Khuro ◽  
Illahi Bux Brohi ◽  
Muhammad Shahid Bhatti
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Vaginal Route ◽  
Fistula Repair ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Abdominal Route ◽  
Expert Surgeon ◽  
Transvaginal Route

Objective: To determine outcomes and complications of vesico-vaginal fistula repair via vaginal and abdominal route. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Urology and Kidney Transplantation, Pir Abdul Qadir Institute of Medical Sciences Gambat. Period: January 2020 to December 2020. Material & Methods: Patients having vesicovaginal fistula irrespective of age and fulfilling our inclusion criteria were included in the study using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Patients having very large fistula, fistula involving neck of urinary bladder, failure of previous operation, patients with malignancy or co-morbidities were excluded from the study. Vaginal and abdominal approaches were used for fistula repair depending upon the level of fistula. Those operated via vaginal route were kept in trans-vaginal group and those operated via abdominal route were assigned trans-abdominal group. Results: Total 35 cases were studied having age 16-45 years with mean age of 32.6 ± 4.2 years. Transvaginal fistula repair was done in 37.1% and transabdominal repair was done in 62.8% cases. Most common cause of VVF was previous gynecological surgery in 77% cases. Success rate was 100% in transvaginal fistula repair as compared to 95.4% success rate achieved in transabdominal repair of fistula. Conclusion: Trans abdominal and transvaginal route both are good approaches but Transvaginal route of fistula repair is associated with high success rate than transabdominal route with minimum complications and better outcomes but it needs expert surgeon.

scholarly journals Incidence of Stone Retropulsion in Ureteroscopic Pneumatic Lithotripsy for lower ureteric stones by using stone cone.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2169-2172
Author(s):  
Khalid Hussain ◽  
Attiq-ur-Rehman Khan ◽  
Rao Nouman Ali ◽  
Maria Tariq ◽  
Salman Shahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Spiral Ct ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pneumatic Lithotripsy ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objectives: To measure the incidence of stone Retropulsion and its complication in ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy for lower ureteric stones by using stone cone. Study Design: Observational cross sectional study. Setting: Gujranwala Medical College, Gujranwala. Period: January 2017 to December 2018. Material & Methods: Consecutive simple random sampling technique was used. Total 120 patients were treated with URS pneumatic lithotripsy for single ureteric stone were enrolled in study. The diagnosis was established by plain spiral CT scan in all patients. The incidence of stone Retropulsion and complications of procedure were noted. Data was analyzed using SPSS 22.0, chi square test was used to check stratification of data, p value less than 0.05 was taken significant. Results: The stone was in lower ureter in all patients who were included in study regardless of side. The mean age of patients was 46±2.6 years and 65% (78) patients were male while 35% (42) patients were females. Success rate of 97.5% (116) achieved in patients in which stone cone was used. Conclusion: Use of stone cone gives high success rate in preventing stone Retropulsion by using pneumatic lithotripsy.

scholarly journals Commonly Occurring Bacteria in Diabetic Foot Infections and their Sensitivity to various Antibiotics

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Muneeb -ullah ◽  
Awais Saeed Abbasi ◽  
Seemab Niaz ◽  
Wajiha Mahjbeen
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Diabetic Foot Infections ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Background: Diabetic foot infections are a common cause of morbidity in type 1 & 2 Diabetes mellitus. The selection of appropriate empirical treatment is thus essential while treating such patients. The main objective of this study was to find out most prevalent bacteria and their sensitivity to various antibiotics in patients with diabetic foot infections.Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Surgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad from January 2017 to December 2017. A total 118 patients were included through consecutive sampling technique. Samples were collected in the form of swab, pus or tissue material and were cultured on blood agar and microorganisms were identified using standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial sensitivity was also checked. StatisticalPackage for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 was used to analyze data.Results: Out of 118 patients, 72% (n=85) were males while 28% (n=33) were females. Cultures of 105 patients were positive and most common organisms isolated were S. aureus (32.4%; n=34), E. coli (17.1%; n=18), P. aeruginosa (14.3%; n=15), Polymicrobials (14.3%; n=15) and K. pneumoniae (7.6%; n=8). Antibiotics to which organisms were most sensitive included Piperacillin/Tazobactam (69.5%; n=73), Imipenem (55.2%; n=58), Amikacin (43.8%; n=46), Vancomycin (40%; n=42) and Levofloxacin (38.1%; n=40).Conclusion: Most common organisms causing diabetic foot infections in our study were S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Polymicrobial and Klebsiella. Overall most sensitive antibiotics to these organisms included Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Imipenem,Amikacin, Vancomycin and Levofloxacin.

scholarly journals Homesickness, Depression and Happiness in University Students of Hamadan, Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Babak Moeini ◽  
Hamid Abasi ◽  
Maryam Afshari ◽  
Morteza Haji Hosseini ◽  
Ali Ghaleiha
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Proportional Allocation ◽  
Indirect Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

Background and aims: Students are exposed to multiple various mental disorders. One of the most important difficulties the students encounter are homesickness and depression the occurrence of which cause less happiness in the students. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship among 3 factors of homesickness, depression, and happiness in dormitory students of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 387 dormitory students of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences from January to April 2016. The participants of the study were selected through stratified random sampling technique with proportional allocation. Data were collected through self-reporting and four questionnaires including demographic data questionnaire, homesickness Benfleet questionnaire, University Students Depression Inventory (USDI), and Oxford happiness questionnaire. A quantitative analysis of the inquiry was performed using SPSS software, version 23. Results: The results showed that depression had an indirect relationship (-0.6) with happiness. That is, by increasing the depression scores happiness will decrease. In addition, depression had a significantly direct relationship (0.3) with homesickness. It implies that an increase in homesickness score leads to an increase in depression score. Moreover, homesickness had a significantly indirect relationship (-0.2) with happiness. Namely, an increase in homesickness, results in a decrease in happiness. Conclusion: In view of the results obtained and given the importance of mental health of the students in dormitories, it seems that the reasons related to homesickness and depression should be recognized and included in intervention and prevention programs. Besides, appropriate interventions must be designed and implemented in this regard.

scholarly journals Adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy among People Living with HIV and AIDS in Far West, Nepal

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Bam ◽  
Deepak Kumar Karki ◽  
Shyam Prasad Lohani ◽  
Rajshree Thapa ◽  
Umesh Raj Aryal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aids Clinical Trials ◽  
Living With Hiv

Objective: Adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy is a principal predictor for the success of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) treatment. It remains as a challenge to AIDS treatment and care with the wide spread of the associated risks. The study aims to assess adherence level and factors associated with adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) among people living with HIV and AIDS in Far West, Nepal. Material & Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in Far West between May 2009 to September 2009. A total of 176 samples allowed with 95% CI and 5% error proportionately from four ART sites were drawn. Random sampling technique was used to recruit patients. Semi-structured questionnaire schedule adapted from the Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group (AACTG) was used and pre-tested to collect data on drug adherence. We compared non-adherent patients with adherent patients and associations with key risk factors were determined.Results: An overall self reported adherence for a month was 84%. Those who were more than 95% adherent responded that use of watch, electronic devices such as mobiles, watch and calendar facilitated them to take the drugs regularly. Improved adherence was significantly determined by time to reach the health faility at terai (OR: 2.86, 1.10-7.47), disclosing of the HIV status (OR: 3.25; 1.02-10.19), the perceived positive benefits of ART (OR: 21.07; 6.79-68.04) and excellent satisfaction with the provider (OR: 13.11; 4.75-36.19). Travel cost more than 2$ (OR: 9.84; 3.44-28.73) was significant barrier to adherence. Conclusion: Timely detection of non-adherence behaviours and understanding of patients' difficulties with ART could potentially help patients for adherence and therefore improve the treatment outcomes in rural hilly Nepal. Government’s initiatives towards moral support for encouraging to join support group including discussions of side-effects, and everyday problems in sticking to a regimen and financial support to PHLA should be promoted to optimize the adherence rate.Key Words: Adherence; ART; PLHA; Far West NepalDOI: 10.3126/ajms.v2i1.4290Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 7-13

scholarly journals Vesical stone management by percutaneous cystolitholapexy versus open vesicolithotomy among children.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1742-1746
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahid Bhatti ◽  
Abdul Qayoom Khuhro ◽  
Illahi Bux Brohi
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Minimal Invasive ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Postoperative Fever ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Age Range

Objective: To compare outcomes, safety and complications of vesical stone management among children by open vesicolithotomy versus percutaneous cystolitholapaxy. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Urology and Kidney Transplantation Pir Abdul Qadir Institute of Medical Sciences Gambat. Period: July 2020 to December 2020. Material & Methods: Children with vesical stone, having age 1-12 years and fulfilling inclusion criteria were selected for this study. Total 50 cases were selected using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Patients were divided into two groups Group-A and Group-B on the basis of given treatment each group containing 25 cases. Patients in Group-A were underwent open vesicolithotomy and those in group-B were underwent percutaneous cystolitholapexy. Procedure was done under general anesthesia. Alken metallic dilators were used for the dilatation of tract. Adult nephroscope with 24Fr sheath was used. Postoperative outcomes of both methods were compared with each other. Pneumatic fragmentation was used to break stones > 1.5cm in size.  Results:  Total 50 cases were studied, 25 cases in each group-A and group-B. Stone size was 1-3 cm in both groups. Age range of the patients was 1-12 years with mean age of 4.25 ± 1.4 years. Mean hospital stay was 2.6 days in group-A and 1.3 days in group-B. Mean requirement of analgesia (ketorolac) was 30.2mg in group-A and 14.8mg in group-B. Most common postoperative complication was fever observed in 28% cases in group-A and hematuria observed in 24% cases in group-B. Conclusion: Percutaneous cystolitholapexy is a minimal invasive procedure suitable among children with high success rate and minimum complications like postoperative fever, hematuria, urinary leakage and pain.

Frequency of Neck and Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders in Dentists

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-211
Author(s):  
Sidra Sarwar ◽  
Sara Khalid ◽  
Tahir Mahmood ◽  
Hadeeqa Jabeen ◽  
Shahid Imran
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
And Performance

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are not only becoming prevalent among health care professionals in our country but are affecting their health and performance adversely. They are caused by poor ergonomics and awkward posture during work activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of neck and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders in dentists of Lahore, Pakistan. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during October 2017 to March 2018. The data was collected using convenient sampling technique from 162 Dentists including 52 males and 110 females of Children hospital Lahore, Punjab Dental hospital and Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore. Data was collected by using Mangalore Questionnaire for identification of musculoskeletal disorders. Descriptive analysis of the data was done using SPSS version 22.0. Results: Of 162 dentists, 115 (71%) suffered from musculoskeletal disorders. Shoulder was the most commonly affected region (30.9%) followed by neck (25.9%), arm (6.2%), wrist (4.3%), elbow (3.1%) and forearm (0.6%). Pain (45.7%) was found to be the most common complaint followed by muscle weakness (20.4%), paraesthesia (3.7%) and swelling (1.2%). Conclusions: It was concluded that majority of the dentists were suffering from musculoskeletal disorders with shoulder as the most affected region and pain as the most frequent complaint. Key words: Dentists, Musculoskeletal disorders, Neck pain, Upper extremity

scholarly journals Depression and anxiety among pregnant mothers in the initial stage of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic in the southwest of Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Najmeh Maharlouei ◽  
Pedram Keshavarz ◽  
Niloufar Salemi ◽  
Kamran B. Lankarani
Keyword(s):  
Short Form ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Medical Histories ◽  
Southwest Of Iran ◽  
Maternity Clinics ◽  
Abnormal Level ◽  
Pregnant Mothers

Abstract ‌Background Women are at a higher risk for depression progression, especially during pregnancy. The current study purposed to investigate depression, anxiety, and stress levels of pregnant mothers in the initial stage of the COVID-19 infection in the southwest of Iran. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted during March and April, 2020, in Shiraz, Iran. Pregnant mothers registered in maternity clinics affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were included. An online self-administered checklist was used. It included socio-demographic, obstetric and medical histories, and the short form of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) to evaluate depression, anxiety, and stress. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results In total, 540 pregnant mothers answered the questionnaire. 83.5% had no comorbidity. Abnormal depression scores were significantly higher in those who had no insurance (OR = 2.5) and in those with poor self-rated health (SRH) (OR = 27.8). Pregnant mothers with lower SRH and two or more comorbidities had a higher chance of having an abnormal level of anxiety subscale (6.9, 3.7 times, retrospectively). Conclusion The results revealed that an abnormal level of depression was associated with SRH and medical insurance status. Moreover, the number of comorbidities and poor SRH significantly increased the chance of achieving abnormal anxiety levels in pregnant mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude, and utilization of drugs toward COVID-19 pandemic among Bale Zone residents, Southeast Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110343
Author(s):  
Ayele Mamo ◽  
Mesud M Hassen ◽  
Ahmednur Adem ◽  
Zinash Teferu ◽  
Musa Kumbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bale Zone

Background: Coronavirus disease is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which poses therapeutic dilemmas. Some suggestions for drug treatment seem problematic. Beliefs about the causes of health problems are determinants of treatment seeking decisions. Hence, one of the alternatives for the solution of health problems is employing traditional medicine to prevent coronavirus disease 19. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and utilization of drugs toward the coronavirus disease 19 pandemic among Bale zone residents. Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among the Bale Zone population from May 30 to June 30, 2020. Eight hundred fifty-four participants were selected using a single population formula, and a multistage sampling technique was employed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Descriptive and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the outcomes. A p value ⩽ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of the total 854 respondents, about 534 (62.5%) got information about coronavirus disease 19 from TV/radio. More than two-thirds (71.9%) of the respondents have known that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has no curative drugs, and 65.4% had a more appropriate attitude toward overall drug use in coronavirus disease 19. Level of education and, attitude towards drug use were singnificantly associated with knowledge of drugs, source of information about coronavirus disease 19 and having good practice were significantly associated with atittude toward drug utilization. Conclusion: One out of two study participants have good knowledge regarding drugs to the coronavirus disease 19 pandemic. Illiterate people in the community were identified to have poor knowledge about drugs, hence community educuation program is important to improve the knowledge about drugs towards the coronavirus disease 19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Patient satisfaction and associated factors among psychiatry outpatients of St Paulo’s Hospital, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. e100120
Author(s):  
Kebebew Wogi Goben ◽  
Endalamaw Salelew Abegaz ◽  
Samuel Tolesa Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Sex

BackgroundPatient satisfaction with mental healthcare service is recognised as an important integral part of measuring the outcomes and performance of clinical service delivery. It is not well studied in Ethiopia. Therefore, it is essential to improve service in the future.AimsTo assess patient satisfaction and associated factors among psychiatry outpatients at St. Paulo’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsAn institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted with consecutive sampling technique from May to June 2018. Data were collected using a Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8). Both bivariate and multivariate ordinal logistic regression analyses were used. Variables with p value <0.05 at multivariate analysis were considered statistically significant.ResultsA total of 589 participants were enrolled with a response rate of 98.2%. In regard to the magnitude of patient satisfaction, 50.3% (95% CI 46.0 to 54.2) were highly satisfied, 31.0% (95% CI 27.2 to 34.8) were satisfied, and 18.7% (95% CI 15.4 to 22.1) were dissatisfied. Male sex (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.30, 95% CI 1.57 to 3.36), inability to read and write (AOR 2.23, 95% CI 1.10 to 4.66), being unemployed (AOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.47), obtaining services for free (AOR 1.57, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.22), and availability of medication (AOR 1.62, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.23) were significantly associated with patient satisfaction.ConclusionsThe study showed that further improvements in patient satisfaction are required. Male sex, inability to read and write, being unemployed, obtaining services free of charge, and availability of medication were significantly associated with patient satisfaction. More than half of the participants were dissatisfied with the waiting time to receive services. The provision of services within a reasonable timeframe and meeting patient expectations are helpful for good health outcomes.

scholarly journals Compliance with Standard Precautions and Associated Factors among Healthcare Workers in Gondar University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariku Gebre Haile ◽  
Eshetu Haileselassie Engeda ◽  
Abdella Amano Abdo
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Standard Precautions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specialized Hospital

Background. In many studies, compliance with standard precautions among healthcare workers was reported to be inadequate.Objective.The aim of this study was to assess compliance with standard precautions and associated factors among healthcare workers in northwest Ethiopia.Methods.An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 01 to April 30, 2014. Simple random sampling technique was used to select participants. Data were entered into Epi info 3.5.1 and were exported to SPSS version 20.0 for statistical analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were computed and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was calculated to identify associated factors.Results.The proportion of healthcare workers who always comply with standard precautions was found to be 12%. Being a female healthcare worker (AOR [95% CI] 2.18 [1.12–4.23]), higher infection risk perception (AOR [95% CI] 3.46 [1.67–7.18]), training on standard precautions (AOR [95% CI] 2.90 [1.20–7.02]), accessibility of personal protective equipment (AOR [95% CI] 2.87 [1.41–5.86]), and management support (AOR [95% CI] 2.23 [1.11–4.53]) were found to be statistically significant.Conclusion and Recommendation.Compliance with standard precautions among the healthcare workers is very low. Interventions which include training of healthcare workers on standard precautions and consistent management support are recommended.

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