scholarly journals Detection of Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) Antigen in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) by Immunohistochemistry in Patients from KPK Province of Pakistan.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1829-1836
Author(s):  
Sana Ghani ◽  
Fozia Rauf ◽  
Asif Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Fatima Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Oral Epithelium ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epithelial Tissues ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Group B

Objective: To determine the frequency of EBVLMP-1 antigen positivity in OSCC and normal oral squamous epithelial tissues (control) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and to see the effect of age and gender in both the OSCC and control tissues. Study Design: Descriptive, Cross Sectional, Multicenter study. Setting: Pathology/ Peshawar Medical College (PMC), Peshawar Dental College and Sardar Begum Dental College, Peshawar. Period: April 2018 to September 2018. Material & Methods: Conducted on total 60 samples divided into two groups. Group A:  30 formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of OSCC cases and Group B: 30 non neoplastic oral epithelial tissues (control). Both groups A and B slides were stained through immunohistochemistry for EBV LMP-1 monoclonal antigen. Results: 30 cases of OSCC Group A and 30 cases of non-neoplastic oral mucosa Group B were selected for the LMP-1 staining by immunohistochemistry. The mean age of OSCC was 56.5 years (±14.47 Standard deviation) with a range of 20-80 years. Male: Female ratio was 1.3:1 .OSCC commonly involved buccal mucosa. 80% (n=24/30) OSCC cases were grade 1, all the cases of OSCC (100%) showed epithelial positivity for EBV LMP-1 antigen, whole (29/30) cases of non-neoplastic oral mucosa cases showed positivity and there is no statistically significant difference in both Groups A and B. Conclusion: With the findings of EBV positivity in both the OSCC and all of the control cases; it is concluded that EBV does not play an important role in etiology of OSCC. This suggests that the infection by this ubiquitous virus (EBV) occurs at some point in the life of a person leaving LMP, protein latent in the cells of oral epithelium.

scholarly journals One percent of human circulating B lymphocytes are capable of producing the natural anti-Gal antibody

Blood ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 2485-2493 ◽  
Author(s):  
U Galili ◽  
F Anaraki ◽  
A Thall ◽  
C Hill-Black ◽  
M Radic
Keyword(s):  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Group A ◽  
Igh Gene Rearrangement ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
B Lymphoid ◽  
Group B

The natural anti-Gal antibody constitutes 1% of circulating IgG in humans and interacts specifically with the carbohydrate epitope Gal alpha 1–3Gal beta 1–4GlcNAc-R (the alpha-galactosyl epitope). In view of the unusually large amounts of this antibody in the serum, it was of interest to determine the proportion of circulating B lymphocytes capable of synthesizing anti-Gal. For this purpose, blood B lymphocytes were incubated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and plated in microtiter wells. Proliferation of the EBV transformed B lymphocytes was readily visible after 3 weeks of incubation. The supernatants from wells containing proliferating B-lymphoid clones were assayed for anti-Gal by an agglutination assay with rabbit red blood cells and the specificity of the agglutinating antibodies was further confirmed by their interaction with synthetic oligosaccharides and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with glycoproteins. Approximately 5% of the wells contained anti-Gal antibodies. Limiting dilution studies and IgH gene rearrangement patterns suggested that each well contained an average of five proliferating B-lymphoid clones. Thus, it is concluded that approximately 1% of circulating B lymphocytes are capable of producing anti-Gal. The proportion of anti-Gal--producing lymphoid clones exceeds by fourfold that of clones producing anti-blood group A or anti-blood group B antibodies. Individual anti-Gal clones display fine variations in their combining site, as indicated by their differential interaction with alpha-galactosyl epitopes on glycolipids and on N-linked carbohydrate chains of glycoproteins. The high frequency of precursor B lymphocytes capable of producing anti-Gal, found in every individual and the restricted specificity of this antibody to alpha-galactosyl epitopes, potentially makes anti-Gal--producing lymphocytes an effective system for studying human Ig genes involved in the natural immune response to structurally defined haptens.

scholarly journals Palonosetron for the prevention of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting: a comparative study in a tertiary care hospital from India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 2197
Author(s):  
Shubhatara Swamy ◽  
Vijaya Rajendran ◽  
Durga Prasan ◽  
Pratibha Nadig
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Despite advances in symptom management, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) remains one of the most dreadful consequences of cancer therapy.Methods: The study was carried out at Medical Oncology Department, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore. Hundred and forty-four cancer patients of either sex, aged 18-65 years with adequate blood counts requiring moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC) as per Hesketh classification were included. The patients were prospectively divided into two groups before the initial cycle of chemotherapy. Patients in Group A (n=71) received ondansetron, and dexamethasone along with aprepitant capsules, Whereas, Group B (n=73) received palonosetron, and dexamethasone along with placebo capsules, 30 minutes before chemotherapy. Thereafter the patients were administered with the drugs and observed for nausea and vomiting. The efficiency of both regimens was assessed by adopting validated functional living index emesis (FLIE) questionnaire. Analysis of the data was done using the SPSS 21.0 software.Results: The mean age of the patients was 40.5 years and the male to female ratio was 1:2.4. In all the patients, no changes were detected in the ECG readings after MEC. The nausea and vomiting score were comparable in both groups. No significant difference (p>0.05) was noticed between group A and group B in both mm and in FLIE points. No serious adverse events were found relating to antiemetic treatment.Conclusions: Palonosetron in combination with corticosteroids was non inferior to ondansetron in combination with aprepitant and corticosteroids in controlling acute and delayed stages of CINV in patients requiring MEC. Thus, it can be recommended as first-line therapy for patients treated with MEC.

scholarly journals Nutritional composition of school meals serving children from 7 to 36 months of age in municipal day-care centres in the metropolitan area of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (12) ◽  
pp. 2203-2211
Author(s):  
Anabelle Retondario ◽  
Débora Letícia Frizzi Silva ◽  
Silvana Magalhães Salgado ◽  
Márcia Aurelina de Oliveira Alves ◽  
Sila Mary Rodrigues Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Feeding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Day Care Centres ◽  
Group B

AbstractThe Brazilian National School Feeding Program (PNAE) seeks to meet student’s nutritional needs during the period they remain in school. This study aimed to determine the nutritional composition of meals provided in municipal day-care centres serving children of 7–11 months (group A) and 12–36 months (group B) of age and to compare observed values with the PNAE’s and dietary reference intakes’ (DRI) recommendations. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 4 day-care centres in the metropolitan area of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, between June and November 2013. Food samples of six daily meals were collected during 20 non-consecutive days, totalling 120 samples. For each meal, average served and consumed portions were submitted for laboratory analysis of moisture, ash, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, dietary fibre, Na, Ca and Fe and compared with the PNAE’s and DRI’s values. No statistically significant difference was found between age groups (P=0·793) regarding portion sizes and nutritional composition. The same menu was offered to both groups in 95 % of the meals (n 114), although the groups’ nutritional needs were different. For group A, served meals met PNAE’s recommendations for energy, carbohydrates, proteins, Na and Ca content, and consumed portions provided 70 % of the nutritional needs for carbohydrates, proteins and Ca. For group B, served portions complied with the PNAE’s values for proteins, Na and Ca. Proteins and Na reached 70 % of the nutritional needs when consumed food was evaluated. School feeding in day-care centres partially meet PNAE’s guidelines and children’s nutritional requirements, contradicting the primary objective established by the national programme.

scholarly journals A comparative study of the effect of piroxicam versus diclofenac on wound healing in clean abdominal wounds

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrashekar Reddy J. Madinur ◽  
Prashant Tubachi ◽  
Prashant Tubachi ◽  
A. S. Godhi ◽  
A. S. Godhi
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
One Year ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Individual

Background: The primary function of the skin is to serve as a protective barrier against the environment. The process of wound healing constitutes an array of interrelated and concomitant events. Understanding these processes and various factors affecting these processes continue to expand. The present study was undertaken to compare and evaluate the effect of piroxicam versus diclofenac on wound healing in clean abdominal wounds.Methods: The present one year randomized controlled trial was conducted on all the patients undergoing appendicectomies for uncomplicated appendicitis and uncomplicated inguinal hernia repairs in the Department of Surgery, KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belgaum during the period of one year. Based on the thumb rule a total of 60 patients divided into two groups of 30 each were studied. Based on the computer-generated randomization patients were allocated to two groups that is group A (Inj. Piroxicam) and Group B (Inj. Diclofenac).Results: In the present study, males outnumbered females with male to female ratio between of 1.72 to 2:1. The mean age in group A was30.9±7.86 years and in group B it was 30.3±7.97 years. Both the groups that is Group A and B were graded under grade I (Good wound healing) from the POD 3 onwards. Overall the individual score and total scores had no influence of the final grading (outcome) of the wound.Conclusions: Overall, better results were seen on wound healing in patients who received Inj piroxicam with significantly less post-operative redness and edema. However, this did not have significant difference in the final outcome of the grading of the wound. 

scholarly journals HYPERLIPIDEMIC PATIENTS;

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marium Shoukat ◽  
Hijab Batool ◽  
Faiza Javaid
Keyword(s):  
Protective Role ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Atheromatous Plaque ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objectives: Role of niacin in decreasing cardiovascular accidents by lowering the levels of Apo-B in hyperlipidemic patients. Background: In hyperlipidemia, there are high levels of atherogenic lipoproteins leading to higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events. Patients with dyslipidemia use statins as a mainstay of therapy over last many decades. Recent studies show that apolipoproteins play a major role in formation of atheromatous plaque, thus there is an urgent need to study the effects of lipid lowering medication on apolipoprotiens levels. Study Design: Cross sectional analytical study. Setting: Sheikh Zayed Hospital Lahore (Department of Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology). Period: 12 weeks from July to Sep 2014. Materials and Methods: Recently diagnosed hyperlipidemic patients (n=44) were selected for the study purpose and divided into two equal groups; A and B. Each group was given different medication. Group A took only statin while group B took a combination of statin and niacin. Blood samples were taken at the start of medication and then after completion of 12 week time period. Results: At the start of the treatment there was no significant difference in the Apo B cholesterol level between the two groups (p value 0.972). However, after the end of 12 week duration, there was a significant reduction in the Apo level of group B taking statin and niacin as compared to group A taking statin alone (p value 0.003). Conclusions: Niacin has cardio-protective role when used in combination with niacin.

scholarly journals LEUKOSIT INFEKSI BAKTERI SISTEMIK

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Meita Hendrianingtyas ◽  
MI. Tjahjati DM
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Leucocyte Count ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Differential Count ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Systemic Bacterial Infection ◽  
Normally Distributed

Patients in intensive care unit (ICU) have a high risk for systemic bacterial infection. Serum procalcitonin (PCT) known as a markerto predict bacterial infection, systemic inflammation responsse (SIRS) or sepsis. Another simple and easy indicator is by using leucocytecount-differential count, absolute neutrophyl count (ANC), and immatur/total (I/T) neutrophyl ratio. The aim of this study was toknow the comparation of the leucocyte count-differential count, ANC, and I/T ratio with procalcitonin serum value in patients suspectto systemic bacterial infection at ICU. A cross sectional study on 20 patients suspected with systemic bacterial infection in ICU. The datawas classified in 3 groups based on PCT serum value: group A (< 0.5 ng/mL), group B (0.5–2 ng/mL) and group C (> 2 ng/mL). Thedata was analysed by one way ANOVA test if normally distributed, and by Kruskall-Wallis test if not normally distributed. Significancywas confirmed at p < 0.05. A post hoc and Mann-Whitney test performed on a significant result. The frequency of group A was 3 (15%),group B = 5 (25%), and group C = 12 (60%). There is no significant difference on leucocyte count in 3 groups (p = 0.953), neutrophylI/T ratio (p = 0.259), ANC (p = 0.91), eosinophyl count (p = 0.287), segment neutrophyl (p = 0.094), and monosit (p = 0.152).There was a difference on lymphocyte count (p = 0.01) between group C with group A and group B and there was a difference on staffneutrophyl count (p = 0.029) and total neutrophyl count (p = 0.003) between group A with group B and C (p = 0.029). In this studywere found differences on lymphocyte, staff neutrophyl and total neutropyl count to the PCT value

scholarly journals Prevalence, knowledge, attitude and practice regarding self-medication among medical, dental and paramedical students in a tertiary care hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1822
Author(s):  
Madhulika Johnson ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Badyal
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Self-medication is practiced universally. Having medical knowledge plays a vital role in its prevalence. It is more prevalent in higher education course students especially medical students. However, it is increasing in dental and paramedical students. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate self-medication among medical, dental and para-medical students in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: A cross sectional questionnaire based study was conducted among 449 undergraduate students. They were divided into three groups. A questionnaire was developed based on literature. The questionnaire was validated and finalised. The paper questionnaire was administered to students. The data collected from questionnaires was analysed. The results were expressed as percentages and frequencies.Results: The male female ratio of students who filled questionnaire was 65:35. All the students (100%) reported that they practice self-medication. The most common reason for self-medication was prior experience (36%) in group A as well as in group B (46%), but in group C, 39% mentioned no serious problem. Main information source was family members in all the groups (A 57%, B 53%, C 29%) followed by advice from senior/friends. Fever was most common symptom reported (29%) by group A followed headache (28%) in group C and cough and cold (23%) in group B. The commonest group of drugs used is cough syrups (25%) in group B, followed by analgesics (23%) in group C and antipyretics (21%) in group A.Conclusions: Self-medication is growing among dental and paramedical students too. It is necessary to educate them about self-medication to prevent future disastrous consequences as well as to make them aware of appropriate use of self-medication.

scholarly journals Intranasal Splint in Nasal Septal Surgery: Is It Necessary?

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-129
Author(s):  
Jahangir Alam Mazumder ◽  
Md Golam Mustafa ◽  
AHM Delwar ◽  
Shazibur Rashid ◽  
Md Mostafizur Rahaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complete Healing ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Septal Surgery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Medicine Today ◽  
Group B ◽  
Male To Female

Introduction: After SMR/septoplasty with or without turbinate surgery, it needs to keep apart the septum and turbinates upto their complete healing otherwise there is a chance of adhesion (synechia) formation. To prevent this there are variousprocedures. To place an intranasal splint in one or both sides of the septum is one of them. Nowadays there raised thequestion of whether the splinting is necessary or not. There is no significant difference in result with or without anintranasal splint. Weighing against the co-morbidities the routine use of an intranasal splint can no longer be justified. Materials and Methods: This is a randomized control study of 200 patients of SMR/septoplasty, done for nasal septaldeviation causing symptoms in Cumilla Medical College Hospital in the period of January 2016 to December 2019. Theywere equally divided into two groups, group-A were operated placing an intranasal splint and group-B with no intranasalsplint. They were followed up for 6 weeks to detect any synechia and co-morbidities. Result: The age of our patients wasranged from 13-49 years with a mean age of 22.45 years. The male to female ratio is 1.78:1. Synechia was found in 4% ofthe splinted group and 6 of the nonsplinted groups. Co-morbidities were detected more in the splinted group than that ofnon-splinted. In INS group these were found as follows: pain in the nose, face and head (26%), faint during removal ofnasal splint (6%), nasal obstruction (38%), the anxiety of splint removal in the postoperative period (35%) and vestibulitisdue to persistent irritation by a splint (17%). Conclusion: There is little significant advantage of using intranasal splintroutinely in septal surgery to prevent synechia formation. Medicine Today 2020 Vol.32(2): 126-129

scholarly journals DIATHERMY INCISIONS V/S SURGICAL SCALPEL INCISIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1550-1524
Author(s):  
Khawar Saeed Jamali ◽  
Naveed Ali Khan ◽  
Muhammad Jawed ◽  
Ubedullah Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
General Surgery ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Surgical Outcome ◽  
Seroma Formation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the outcome of diathermyincisions v/s surgical scalpel incisions in general surgery. Study Design: Cross sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at surgical unit 7, Sindh Govt. LyariGeneral Hospital and Dow University of Health Sciences between January to December 2009.Methodology: 100 consecutive patients for elective general surgery were randomly assignedto either group A incision with cutting diathermy (n=50) or group B cold steel scalpel (n=50).Data including demographic details, hospital stay, infection rate and non-infective complicationslike swelling, bleeding, dehiscence and seroma formation were recorded in both groups tocompare the final surgical outcome compared. Results: A total of 80 patients were included inthe study, placed alternatively into two groups of 40 patients each with majority being male (n =61, 76.3%). The mean age was 22.46 years. The positive predictive value for patients of Group Awas 92.5% while for Group B was 77.5%. When diagnostic accuracy was compared on the basisof Gender for the two groups, the positive predictive value for male patients of Group A and Bwas 90.09% and 89.28% respectively, but for females the positive predictive value of Group Aand B was 100% and 50% respectively. In Diathermy (Group A) total 20% patients developedcomplications and these were seroma formation (n=4, 8%), wound dehiscence (n=3, 6%) andwound infection (n=3, 6%). In Scalpel (Group B) total 26% patients developed complications(P-value=0.370) in which seromas was noted (n=5, 10%) then wound infection (n=4, 8%), thenwound bleeding (n=3, 6%) and lastly seroma formation (n=1, 2%). Hospital stays were alsoalmost similar with mean value 8.24 days in diathermy group and 10.54 days in scalpel group.No remarkable difference in demographics, characteristics and in other variables of patientswas noted. Conclusion: We conclude that no significant difference in surgical outcome ofboth groups (cutting diathermy Vs. steel scalpel). Therefore, use of either technique to createsurgical wound merely depends upon preference of surgeon.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF MISWAK AS COMPARED WITH TOOTHBRUSH: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1582-84
Author(s):  
Hassam Anjum Mir ◽  
Mubashir Sharif ◽  
Ali Asif ◽  
Maleeha Shamim ◽  
Maaz Qureshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Index Score ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objective: To determine if the traditional chewing stick Miswak was as effective in cleaning teeth as Toothbrush. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, from Aug 2020 to Jan 2021. Methodology: A total of 300 subjects were included which were divided in two groups on the basis of whether they used miswak or toothbrush as a cleaning aid. Group A was toothbrush users and group B was Miswak user. Plaque Index was used to determine the cleanliness of teeth. The scores were recorded and data analyzed using SPSS-23. Results: The means and standard deviations of Plaque Index score for group A and B were 0.96 ± 0.58 and 0.98 ± 0.56 respectively. The comparison of Plaque Index score for both groups was insignificant with the p-value of 0.083. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it is concluded that, no significant difference was found in the effectiveness of traditional miswak and tooth brush. It is recommended that if the technique of teeth cleaning is good then any of the abovementioned means of teeth cleaning can be used.

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