scholarly journals Risk factors in ecosystem of hawksbill turtles (eretmochelys imbricata) from ila playita of machalilla national park

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Yamel Alvarez Gutierrez ◽  
Lady Vazquez Guillen ◽  
Arturo Hernandez Escobar ◽  
Julio Jaramillo Veliz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
National Park ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eretmochelys Imbricata ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Hawksbill Turtles

The results of research work are presented, which was carried out under a non-experimental, cross-sectional and descriptive design. The objective was to diagnose the presence of risk factors in the habitat of Hawksbill turtles, in the Machalilla National Park. Observation methods, document analysis, induction - deduction and interview techniques were applied to officials of the referred institution. Biotic and abiotic factors were evaluated and the results were subjected to the corresponding statistical processing. It is identified that although in the environmental order the studied habitat collects ideal conditions, factors of biotic origin that threaten the balance of that environment subsists.

scholarly journals Trail impact monitoring in Rocky Mountain National Park, USA

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 3117-3149
Author(s):  
J. Svajda ◽  
S. Korony ◽  
I. Brighton ◽  
S. Esser ◽  
S. Ciapala
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Rocky Mountain National Park ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Impact Monitoring ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
The Usa

Abstract. This paper examines impacts of increased visitation leading to human trampling of vegetation and soil along several trails in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) to understand how abiotic factors and level of use can influence trail conditions. RMNP is one of the most visited national parks in the USA with 3.3 million visitors in 2012 across 1075 km2 and 571 km of hiking trails. 95 % of the park is designated wilderness making the balance between preservation and visitor use challenging. This research involves the application of trail condition assessments to 56 km of trails to determine prevailing factors and what, if any, connection between them exist. The study looked at a variety of inventory and impact indicators and standards to determine their importance and to develop a baseline condition of trails. The data can be used for future comparison and evaluation of development trends. We found that trail widening (mean trail width 88.9 cm) and soil loss (cross sectional area 172.7 cm2) are the most visible effects of trail degradation. Further statistical analyses of data identified the role and influence of various factors (e.g. use level and topography). Insights into the influence of these factors can lead to the selection of appropriate management measures to avoid or minimize negative consequences from increased visitation.

scholarly journals Faktor Risiko Keturunan Diabetes dengan Variabel Perancunya Meningkatkan Prevalensi Diabetes Tipe 2 (Studi Estimasi)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Riyanto Riyanto
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
P Value ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Hereditary Factors

<strong><strong></strong></strong><strong><em>Background:</em></strong><em> Type 2 diabetes is a disorder that is influenced by multifactors, involving both genetic and environmental factors. <strong>Purpose:</strong> This study aims to find a large estimate of hereditary risk factors for type 2 events by controlling controlling for other confounding variables. <strong>Methods:</strong> This study used a cross sectional design analysis model estimation with the main variable heredity. The research sample of at least 249 respondents. Measurement and observation of research variables using interview and observation methods. Multivariate analysis of estimation models uses multiple logistic regression tests and calculated attributable fraction percent (AF%). <strong>Results:</strong> The results of the final multivariate modeling analysis showed heredity was associated with the incidence of type 2 Diabetes (p value 0,000), after being controlled by confounding factors for BMI, occupation, age and central obesity with ORadjusted 19.8; 95% CI: 1,911-9,459). Calculation of the potential impact size (AF%) results of the analysis obtained 48.15%. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The estimated magnitude of respondents who have inherited risk factors is 19.8 times more likely to have diabetes than those without heredity after being controlled by confounders of BMI, occupation and age and central obesity. People with Type 2 Diabetes who have a history of diabetes, live a healthy lifestyle, so that around 48.15% of diabetes can be prevented through hereditary factors.</em>

scholarly journals Heterogeneity in Prevalence of Bovine Trypanosomosis and its Associated Risk Factors in Pastoral and Agro Pastoral Communities Surrounding Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kizza ◽  
Michael Ocaido ◽  
Anthony Mugisha ◽  
Rose Azuba ◽  
Sarah Nalule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
National Park ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bovine Trypanosomosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Infection Types ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Bovine trypanosomosis transmitted by tsetse flies is a major constraint to cattle health and productivity in sub- Saharan countries including Uganda. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and its associated risk factors and the species of trypanosomes associated with the disease.Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted around Murchision Falls National Park, Uganda from January 2020 to April 2020. Blood samples were collected from 460 cattle and were screened for trypanosomes using ITS-PCR. Results: From 460 samples collected, 136 (29.6%) of the samples were positive for trypanosomosis infections while 324 (70.4%) samples were negative. The overall trypanosome prevalence was 29.6% (95% CI 25.4-33.8). T. vivax (n = 130, 28.3%) was the most prevalent trypanosome specie detected and two mixed infection types (T.vivax + T. congolense (n = 2, 0.4%) and T.vivax + T. brucei (n = 1.0, 0.2%) were detected during the analysis. There was a significant difference when Trypanosome prevalence was compared with sex, age, breed of the sampled animals (P < 0.05 for sex), (P = 0.0043 for age) and (P = 0.001 for breed). Conclusion; Trypanosomosis is still a major limitation to cattle production around Murchision Falls National Park and interventions are urgently needed .The prevalence of trypanosomosis was high and T.vivax was identified as the major trypanosome species in the cattle herd.

scholarly journals Trail impact monitoring in Rocky Mountain National Park, USA

Solid Earth ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Svajda ◽  
S. Korony ◽  
I. Brighton ◽  
S. Esser ◽  
S. Ciapala
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Rocky Mountain National Park ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Impact Monitoring ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
The Usa

Abstract. This paper examines impacts of increased visitation leading to human trampling of vegetation and soil along several trails in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) to understand how abiotic factors and level of use can influence trail conditions. RMNP is one of the most visited national parks in the USA, with 3.3 million visitors in 2012 across 1075 km2 and 571 km of hiking trails. 95 % of the park is designated wilderness, making the balance between preservation and visitor use challenging. This research involves the application of trail condition assessments to 56 km of trails to determine prevailing factors and what, if any, connection between them exist. The study looked at a variety of inventory and impact indicators and standards to determine their importance and to develop a baseline condition of trails. The data can be used for future comparison and evaluation of development trends. We found that trail widening (mean trail width 88.9 cm) and soil loss (cross-sectional area 172.7 cm2) are the most visible effects of trail degradation. Further statistical analyses of data identified the role and influence of various factors (e.g., use level and topography). Insights into the influence of these factors can lead to the selection of appropriate management measures to avoid or minimize negative consequences from increased visitation.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for trypanosome infection in cattle from communities surrounding the Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kizza ◽  
Michael Ocaido ◽  
Anthony Mugisha ◽  
Rose Azuba ◽  
Sarah Nalule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
National Park ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Trypanosome Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Bovine Trypanosomosis

Abstract Background Bovine trypanosomosis transmitted by tsetse flies is a major constraint to cattle health and productivity in all sub-Saharan countries, including Uganda. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and identify its associated risk factors and the species of trypanosomes associated with the disease. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted around Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda from January 2020 to April 2020. Trypanosomes were detected in blood samples by PCR analysis targeting the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-PCR assays), and trypanosomes in positive blood samples were sequenced. Results Of 460 blood samples collected and tested, 136 (29.6%) were positive for trypanosome infections and 324 (70.4%) were negative. The overall trypanosome prevalence was 29.6% (95% confidence interval 25.4–33.8%), attributed to three trypanosome species. Of these three species, Trypanosoma vivax was the most prevalent (n = 130, 28.3%) while the others were detected as mixed infections: T. vivax + Trypanosomacongolense (n = 2, 0.4%) and T. vivax + Trypanosomaevansi (n = 1, 0.2%). There were significant differences in trypanosome prevalence according to sex (χ2 = 62, df = 1, P < 0.05), age (χ2 = 6.28, df = 2, P = 0.0043) and cattle breed (χ2 = 10.61, df = 1, P = 0.001). Conclusions Trypanosomosis remains a major limitation to cattle production around Murchison Falls National Park and interventions are urgently needed. In our study, the prevalence of trypanosome infections was high, with T. vivax identified as the most prevalent species. Age, sex and breed of cattle were risk factors for trypanosome infection. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Prevalence of Trypanosome Species in Cattle Near Ruma National Park, Lambwe Valley, Kenya: An Update From the Historical Focus for African Trypanosomosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shewit Kalayou ◽  
Michael Nyang'anga Okal ◽  
Peter Otieno Odhiambo ◽  
Kawira Mathenge ◽  
Daniel Ochieng Gamba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
National Park ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bovine Trypanosomosis ◽  
Lambwe Valley

The effective control of diseases in areas shared with wildlife depends on the validity of the epidemiologic parameters that guide interventions. Epidemiologic data on animal trypanosomosis in Lambwe valley are decades old, and the recent suspected outbreaks of the disease in the valley necessitate the urgent bridging of this data gap. This cross-sectional study estimated the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis, identified risk factors, and investigated the occurrence of species with zoonotic potential in Lambwe valley. The area is ~324 km2, of which 120 km2 is the Ruma National Park. Blood was sampled from the jugular and marginal ear veins of 952 zebu cattle between December 2018 and February 2019 and tested for trypanosomes using the Buffy Coat Technique (BCT) and PCR-High-Resolution Melting (HRM) analysis of the 18S RNA locus. Risk factors for the disease were determined using logistic regression. The overall trypanosome prevalence was 11.0% by BCT [95% confidence interval (CI): 9.0–13.0] and 27.9% by PCR-HRM (95% CI: 25.1–30.8). With PCR-HRM as a reference, four species of trypanosomes were detected at prevalences of 12.7% for T. congolense savannah (95% CI: 10.6–14.8), 7.7% for T. brucei brucei (CI: 6.0–9.4), 8.7% for T. vivax (CI: 6.9–10.5), and 1.3% for T. theileri (CI: 0.6–2.0). About 2.4% of cattle had mixed infections (CI: 1.4–3.41). No human-infective trypanosomes were found. Infections clustered across villages but were not associated with animal age, sex, herd size, and distance from the park. Approximately 85% of infections occurred within 2 km of the park. These findings add to evidence that previous interventions eliminated human trypanosomosis but not bovine trypanosomosis. Risk-tailored intervention within 2 km of Ruma Park, especially in the north and south ends, coupled with stringent screening with molecular tools, could significantly reduce bovine trypanosomosis.

scholarly journals Epibiont Assemblages on Nesting Hawksbill Turtles Show Site-Specificity in the Persian Gulf

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Loghmannia ◽  
Ali Nasrolahi ◽  
Mohsen Rezaie-Atagholipour ◽  
Bahram H. Kiabi
Keyword(s):  
Persian Gulf ◽  
National Park ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Eretmochelys Imbricata ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Harpacticoid Copepods ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Hawksbill Turtles

Sea turtle epibionts can provide insights into the hosts' habitat use. However, at present, there is a lack of information on sea turtle epibiont communities in many locations worldwide. Here, we describe the epibiont communities of 46 hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) in the Persian Gulf. Specifically, we sampled 28 turtles from the Dayyer-Nakhiloo National Park (DNNP) in the northern Gulf and 18 turtles from Shibderaz beach in the Strait of Hormuz. A total of 54 macro, meio, and micro-epibiont taxa were identified, including 46 taxa from Shibderaz and 29 taxa from DNNP. The barnacles Chelonibia testudinaria and Platylepas hexastylos, as well as harpacticoid copepods and Rotaliid foraminifers, had the highest frequency of occurrence found on almost all turtle individuals. Harpacticoids were the most abundant epizoic taxa (19.55 ± 3.9 ind. per 9 cm2) followed by forams (Quinqueloculina spp.: 6.25 ± 1.5 ind. per 9 cm2 and Rotaliids: 6.02 ± 1.3 ind. per 9 cm2). Our results showed significant differences between the study sites in the composition of micro and macro-epibiont communities found on hawksbill turtles. We speculate that the differences in epibiont communities were largely influenced by local environmental conditions.

Psychological Resilience Provides No Independent Protection From Suicidal Risk

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica W. Y. Liu ◽  
A. Kate Fairweather-Schmidt ◽  
Richard Burns ◽  
Rachel M. Roberts ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Project ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Background: Little is known about the role of resilience in the likelihood of suicidal ideation (SI) over time. Aims: We examined the association between resilience and SI in a young-adult cohort over 4 years. Our objectives were to determine whether resilience was associated with SI at follow-up or, conversely, whether SI was associated with lowered resilience at follow-up. Method: Participants were selected from the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life Project from Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia, aged 28–32 years at the first time point and 32–36 at the second. Multinomial, linear, and binary regression analyses explored the association between resilience and SI over two time points. Models were adjusted for suicidality risk factors. Results: While unadjusted analyses identified associations between resilience and SI, these effects were fully explained by the inclusion of other suicidality risk factors. Conclusion: Despite strong cross-sectional associations, resilience and SI appear to be unrelated in a longitudinal context, once risk/resilience factors are controlled for. As independent indicators of psychological well-being, suicidality and resilience are essential if current status is to be captured. However, the addition of other factors (e.g., support, mastery) makes this association tenuous. Consequently, resilience per se may not be protective of SI.

Trauma-Related Shame, Sexual Assault Severity, Thwarted Belongingness, and Perceived Burdensomeness Among Female Undergraduate Survivors of Sexual Assault

Crisis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. DeCou ◽  
Stephanie P. Kaplan ◽  
Julie Spencer ◽  
Shannon M. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Thwarted Belongingness ◽  
Female Undergraduate ◽  
Perceived Burdensomeness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract. Background and Aim: This study evaluated trauma-related shame as a mediator of the association between sexual assault severity and perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. Method: A total of 164 female undergraduates who reported attempted or completed sexual assault completed self-report measures of sexual assault, trauma-related shame, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness. Results: Using path analysis, trauma-related shame mediated the association between sexual assault severity and perceived burdensomeness, and between sexual assault severity and thwarted belongingness. Limitations: The findings of this study are limited by the retrospective, self-report, and cross-sectional nature of these data, and do not allow for causal inference. Conclusion: Trauma-related shame warrants additional investigation as a mechanism that explains the association between sexual assault and psychosocial risk factors for suicidal ideation and behavior.

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