scholarly journals Asientos indígenas en la precordillera de Santiago (Siglos XVI y XVII): Estudio de caso

2015 ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Alfredo Gómez Alcorta ◽  
Claudia Prado Berlien ◽  
Francisco Ocaranza Bosio
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
Initial Transformation ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
Ownership Of Land

Este trabajo es parte de la investigación desarrollada por los autores en el marco del proyectoFondecyt N° 91-1021, “Desarrollo Cultural y Adaptación Ecológica Durante el PeriodoAgroalfarero de la Precordillera de Pirque”, a cargo del arqueólogo Ángel Cabeza Monteira.ResumenEste estudio aborda los cambios precipitados en la economía de subsistencia y en la propiedad de la tierra para las comunidades indígenas de Chile Central,utilizando como caso de estudio un asentamiento de la precordillera de Santiago. Se realiza un intento de comprender la organización productiva y la propiedad territorial de las parcialidades indígenas desde antecedentes etnohistóricos e históricos.En base a datos arqueológicos e información documentalse reconstruyen las características del patrón de asentamiento indígena y la actividad económica de estas comunidades a fin de bosquejar la ocupación y explotación económica del territorio preandino, así como el proceso de pérdidad el mismo en manos de los españoles.La información arqueológica, gracias al registro realizado por los autores, han arrojado una imagen original e inéditade un asentamiento indígena, la que intentamos vincular con informaciónetnohistórica del valle del río Clarillo y el Principal de Pirque.Palabras clave: Indígenas, Territorio, Colonia, Economía.Indigenous Settlements in Santiago’s Andean Foothills(c. XVI and XVII): A Case StudyAbstractThis study aims to address the abrupt changes in the subsistence economyand in the ownership of land for the indigenous communities of CentralChile, presented as an example the populations settled in the foothills of Santiago. An attempt is made to understand the initial transformation ofproductive organization and land ownership of indigenous groups.Based on archaeological data and historical information features indigenous settlement pattern and economic activity in these communities in order to sketch the occupation and economic exploitation of the pre-Andean territory, as well as the process of loss of it in Spanish hands.The archaeological informationby recording performed by the authors has produced an original image of a nindigenous settlement, which attempt to link with ethnohistorical information of the Clarillo River Valley and Principal de Pirque.Key words: Indigenous, Territory, Colonial period, Economy.

scholarly journals Tendencias de desarrollo del ayllu peruano (siglos XIV-XX)

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 259-288
Author(s):  
Jan Szemiński
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Individual Ownership

The Ayllu is an Andean societal model. Jan Szemiński reconstructs the ayllu in the pre-Incan and Tawantinsuyu periods. He investigates the social hierarchies, relations between social groups and land ownership issues of the pre-Columbian ayllu. He then describes the transformations of the ayllu and related cultural continuities of the Colonial period. In the independent Peru period collective land ownership was combated by Peruvian elites to facilitate individual ownership among the indigenous. Despite such policies, many indigenous communities practicing collective land ownership survived to the 20th Century.

Reforming the Farming Sector in Russia

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Franks ◽  
Irina Davydova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Private Ownership ◽  
Municipal Authority ◽  
Economic Climate ◽  
Ownership Of Land

Following laws allowing the private ownership of land, a commercial private farming sector has emerged in Russia. The growth of this sector has been constrained by the difficult macro- and agricultural economic climate of the 1990s and mixed political signals over land ownership. These factors together resulted in the authorities continuing to make financial support available to underperforming large-scale enterprises (LSEs) through debt-restructuring programmes. This paper shows that, although stagnant in size, the considerable restructuring within the private farming sector has increased the number of options available to the authorities for maintaining economic activity in rural areas. Using case studies from interviews with farmers, municipal authority employees and agricultural economists, the paper reveals how these options are being implemented. Some possible consequences for the rural economy and communities are considered.

Canada protests over Indian Residential Schools expand

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Residential Schools ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Indian Residential Schools

Significance The discovery of the bodies of hundreds of children at Canada’s former Indian Residential Schools has unleashed a wave of anger and mourning across Canada’s growing Indigenous population. More discoveries are expected, posing challenges for the country’s economic and social fabric. Impacts Public works projects may slow amid intensified disputes between the Canadian state and Indigenous peoples over lands and resources. There will be more pressure to share wealth from economic activity that directly affects Indigenous communities. Indigenous communities are likely to benefit from greater control over the design and delivery of government services. Cultural and academic institutions will increasingly prioritise and amplify Indigenous voices and perspectives. Canada’s reputation as an advocate for human rights will be affected by its handling of the residential schools issue.

scholarly journals Rise and Fall of Kema Port in Sulawesi Sea Trade Routes During Colonial Period: Based on Infrastructure Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Irfanuddin Wahid Marzuki
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Communications Networks ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Phase Data ◽  
Collection Phase

Kema merupakan salah satu kecamatan di Kabupaten Minahasa Utara yang berada di pesisir selatan Sulawesi. Saat ini Kema dikenal sebagai perkampungan nelayan padat penduduk yang terbagi menjadi Kema I, Kema II, dan Kema III. Riwayat sejarah Kema sudah dikenal semenjak abad XVI oleh pelaut-pelaut Eropa yang singgah untuk mengisi air minum, kemudian berkembang hingga menjadi sebuah kota pelabuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pasang surut keberadaan pelabuhan kema dalam perdagangan global Laut Sulawesi masa kolonial berdasarkan data arkeologi dan sejarah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan arkeologi kesejarahan yang memadukan data arkeologi dengan data sejarah. Tahapan penelitian meliputi tahap pengumpulan data, analisis data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya bukti-bukti arkeologis yang mengindikasikan Kema dahulu merupakan sebuah permukiman yang sudah maju, meliputi pola permukiman dan jaringan jalan, pelabuhan dan saran pendukungnya, rumah ibadah, bangunan perumahan, pasar, dan jaringan komunikasi. Bukti arkeologis dan data sejarah mengungkap bahwa Kema dikenal sebagai pelabuhan laut yang memegang peranan penting dalam perdagangan global pada masa Kolonial. Pelabuhan Kema bahkan ditetapkan sebagai salah satu pelabuhan bebas di perairan Laut Sulawesi. Peran pelabuhan Kema saat ini mengalami kemunduran, hanya sebagai pelabuhan perikanan tidak lagi sebagai pelabuhan samudera.Kema is one of the districts in Minahasa Utara Regency located on the southern coast of Sulawesi Utara. Currently, Kema is known as a densely populated fishing village which is divided into Kema Satu, Kema Dua, and Kema Tiga. Based on historical data, Kema has been known since the 16 century by European sailors who stopped to fill drinking water, then expanded into a port city. This study aims to determine the rise and fall of the existence of Kema in the global trade of the Sulawesi Sea in the colonial period based on archaeological and historical data. This study uses a historical archeology approach that combines archaeological data with historical data. Research stages include data collection phase, data analysis, and conclusion. The results indicate archaeological evidence shows that Kema was an advanced settlement, covering the settlement patterns and road networks, ports and supporting facilities, houses of worship, residential buildings, markets, and communications networks. Archaeological evidence and historical data reveal that Kema is known as a seaport that plays an important role in global trading during the Colonial period. Kema is even designated as one of the free ports in Sulawesi Sea. The role of Kema is currently declining, only as a fishing port no longer as an ocean port. 

scholarly journals AKIBAT HUKUM PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 69/PUU-XIII/2015 TERHADAP HAK TANAH PELAKU KAWIN CAMPUR

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihan Khairunnisa
Keyword(s):  
Land Ownership ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Court Ruling ◽  
Mixed Marriages ◽  
Ownership Of Land ◽  
To Receive

Land ownership for Indonesian citizens the result of mixed marriages without marriage agreement Indonesian citizen can only use the use rights and lease rights to buildings in the ownership of land. This study uses a normative juridical approach. It can be concluded that according to Law No. 5/1960 for Indonesian citizens, mixed marriages may own land with a status other than use rights and lease rights to buildings if there is a marriage agreement before or at the time of marriage. However, after the Constitutional Court ruling number 69 / PUU-XIII / 2015 gave a breath of fresh air for mixed marriages to still be able to receive their constitutional rights by making marriage agreements during the marriage.

Chetumal Bay in the Fifteenth to Seventeenth Centuries

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxine Oland
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
The West ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
European Colonization ◽  
Late Postclassic

Spanish documents imply that the Chetumal Bay region acted as a unified force to resist European colonization, yet archaeological data suggest that the experience of the Maya during the fifteenth to the seventeenth century (Late Postclassic through Colonial periods) was highly localized. Some communities, such as at Caye Coco on Progresso Lagoon, were in a state of unstable transition when the Spanish appeared. Their arrival elicited a variety of actions and reactions as local communities attempted to adapt to indirect colonial rule, and these settlements experienced differential rates of colonial control and conversion. In this chapter, the distinct experiences of three indigenous communities at Lamanai, Santa Rita Corozal, and the west shore of Progresso Lagoon are examined.

scholarly journals Female Ownership of Fixed Assets in Nepal: A Regional Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Shiba Prasad Rijal
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Online Database ◽  
Regional Pattern ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Ownership Of Land ◽  
Desk Review ◽  
Female Ownership

 Fixed assets especially house and land have significant importance in wealth, social security and power in Nepal. Ownership over these assets has greater implications in women’s status within households and communities. This also decides the economic dependence or independence and provides the means to be engaged in productive economic activity. The present study aims at analyzing the regional pattern of female ownership of fixed assets- house and land. Relevant data were acquired from a desk review of published and unpublished literature including online database. The study finds that there is a great gender discrepancy in ownership of fixed assets in Nepal and this varies across ecological zones and provinces. Female ownership of both land and house is associated with 10.7 percent while only 9.0 percent have ownership of land only. Tarai shows relatively positive condition as compared to other ecological zones with female ownership of 12.3 percent households with house and land and 10.5 percent with only land. Among provinces, the most negative situation exists in the province six as compared to others. The socio-cultural barriers are still a major challenge for women’s ownership of property in Nepal.The Third Pole: Journal of GeographyVol. 17: 73-82, 2017

The Zimbabwean Crisis and the Unresolved Conundrum of Race in the Post-colonial Period

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Muzondidya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Land Utilization ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Racial Inequalities ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
White Settler ◽  
Racial Polarization

This article seeks to show that although economic and political factors were all important in the Zimbabwean crisis, the unresolved legacies of racial polarization and inequalities in this former white settler colony played a pivotal role in shaping the nature and form of the crisis. The emphasis is on the unresolved racial inequalities in the economy, especially in land ownership and land utilization, which contributed to the country’s economic crisis. Further, the article shows how the Zimbabwe crisis became protracted mainly because the ruling ZANU-PF successfully utilized the emotive issue of race to mobilize support internally, regionally and internationally, while both the opposition and external critics of ZANU-PF underestimated the power of race in mobilizing support for ZANU-PF, and in polarizing political opinion in Zimbabwe.

scholarly journals LA PROPIEDAD Y LAS COMUNIDADES INDÍGENAS EN MÉXICO

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Óscar Correas
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Agrarian Society ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Community Belonging ◽  
Ownership Of Land

El estudio de las comunidades indígenas en la búsqueda de la descripción de sus sistemas normativos, en México, al menos, muestra que el tema de la propiedad es central para entender el contenido de estos sistemas. El pensamiento antropológico, en cambio, dejando de lado la estructura social, en este caso la no propiedad sobre la tierra, quiere encontrar la explicación de la normatividad propia de esas comunidades en el sentimiento de pertenencia a la comunidad. El análisis de las normas relacionadas con el control sobre la tierra muestra que ese sentimiento comunitario tiene que ser explicado al mismo tiempo, y eso solo puede hacerse a partir del estudio de las relaciones sociales propias de una sociedad agraria no capitalista. Por otra parte, no cabe dejar de decirse que el contenido de la normatividad comunitaria es lo que explica la pervivencia de la comunidad, y de igual manera explica la terquedad y la fuerza conque los sabios de esas sociedades insisten en la conservación de su modo de vida —es decir, de sus normas— para reproducirse como comunidades que intentan pervivir al margen de la sociedad capitalista, a la cual ven como enemiga de esa pervivencia. En suma, la propuesta dice: no se puede explicar el contenido de las normas observadas en las comunidades sin recurrir a las formas de control sobre la tierra. La actitud comunitaria, ese sentimiento de pertenencia, es una necesidad en orden con la reproducción de su vida, determinada primordialmente por el control sobre la tierra.   ABSTRACT The study of indigenous communities in the search to describe their normative systems, in Mexico at least, illustrates that the issue of property is central to understanding the content of these systems. Anthropological thought, on the other hand, leaving aside social structure, in this case non-ownership of land, wants to find the explanation of the particular type of regulation of these communities in “the sense of community belonging.” Analysis of the norms related to control over land illustrates that this community feeling must be explained at the same time, and that can only be done based on study of the particular social relations of a non-capitalist agrarian society. On the other hand, it cannot be emphasized enough that the content of community regulatory norms is what explains the survival of the community, and in the same manner explains the stubbornness and strength with which the wise persons of these societies insist on conserving their way of life —in other words, their norms— to reproduce themselves as communities intending to survive outside capitalist society, which they see as an enemy to that survival. In summary, the proposal states that the content of the norms observed in these communities cannot be explained without addressing the forms of control over land. The community attitude, that sense of belonging, is a necessity for the reproduction of their lives, primarily determined by control over land.

scholarly journals Foreign Ownership of Land—Theoretical Challenges and Justifications

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. p104
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Qin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
National Security ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Free Access ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Foreign Land ◽  
Ownership Of Land

This work addresses the theoretical issues pertaining to alien land ownership by devoting systematic attention to the economic, human rights and national security perspectives. It suggests tht an integrated system could be established with respect to states’ regulation on foreign land ownership. Firstly, alien property investors should be granted national treatment regarding land as the internationalization of the real estate market will offer optimum capital utilization and facilitate overall global economic prosperity. Secondly, in the case of investors’ free access to domestic real estate markets, states may maintain flexibility in protecting their public policies with respect to human rights and national security. However, there must be a rational justification for invoking such a reservation. Therefore, alien land law originating from human rights and agricultural security concerns may need to be closely examined to distinguish those regulations which genuinely entail public interest concerns from those which do not. Thirdly, the deep participation of states in the international regime has greatly changed the traditional views towards alien land ownership. If a free real estate market is to be established, the trend of globalization has to be further advanced.

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