scholarly journals Sobre la observación participante en la Escuela de Chicago: un análisis de las monografías fundacionales

2017 ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Javier Santos ◽  
Juan Ignacio Piovani ◽  
María Eugenia Rausky
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Chicago School ◽  
Technical Aspect ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
History Of

ResumenLa idea de una Escuela Sociológica de Chicago en el período de entreguerras ha resultado persistente –en el marco de una interpretación que podríamos considerar clásica– bajo el supuesto lugar privilegiado que ésta tuvo en el desarrollo de los métodos cualitativos de investigación social (en general) y de la observación participante (en particular). Sin embargo, algunos de los autores que han avanzado en la reconstrucción de la historia de los métodos de investigación sociológica han cuestionado que se trate de métodos cualitativos en el sentido actual, presentando así una interpretación revisionista de la Escuela y de sus aportes metodológicos.Teniendo en cuenta esta tensión entre interpretaciones clásicas y revisionistas, en este artículo nos proponemos caracterizar las prácticas de investigación de campo (fieldwork) desplegadas en las monografías chicaguenses (tesis doctorales) que luego serían tomadas como hitos fundacionales de la observación participante sociológica por parte de los mentores de la interpretación clásica.Estas prácticas observacionales aplicadas en la investigación empírica de Chicago son interpretadas a partir de dos dimensiones: por una parte desde el punto de vista instrumental/operativo (técnico), recurriendo a la tipología desarrollada por Gold (1958) en su célebre artículo sobre los roles de observación y participación. Por otra parte, desde el punto de vista teórico-epistemológico, teniendo en cuenta su relación con supuestos objetivistas/cientificistas o interpretativos/cualitativos.Esta doble dimensión del análisis (epistemológico/técnico) permite mediar entre las versiones clásicas y revisionistas de la Escuela de Chicago, destacando la aplicación pionera en este contexto de técnicas análogas (al menos superficialmente) a la moderna observación participante (aspecto técnico), pero fundamentadas en general a partir de postulados objetivistas y cientificistas, y no en el marco de las concepciones interpretativas que en la actualidad dan sustento a la investigación cualitativa (aspecto epistemológico).Palabras clave: Escuela de Chicago, Metodología cualitativa, Obervación ParticipanteAbstractThe idea of a Sociological School of Chicago during the interwar period has been persistent –from a perspective that could be considered classical–, under the assumption that it had a special place in the development of qualitative methods of social research (in general) and of participant observation (in particular). However, some authors that focused on the history of sociological research methods have contested the idea that it developed qualitative methods in the modern sense, presenting a revisionist interpretation of the School and its methodological contributions.Given this tension between traditional and revisionist interpretations, this paper examines the practices of field research (fieldwork) portrayed in the Chicagoans’ monographs (doctoral thesis) that were later taken as foundational landmarks of sociological participant observation by the mentors of the above-mentioned classical interpretation.These observational practices applied in empirical investigations conducted by Chicagoans are analyzed from two dimensions: on one hand from the instrumental/operational (technical) standpoint, using the typology developed by Gold (1958) in his famous article on the roles of observation and participation. On the other hand, from the theoreticalepistemological perspective, taking into account their relationship with objectivist/scientistic or either interpretive/qualitative assumptions.This double dimension of analysis (epistemological/technical) allows to mediate between the classical and revisionist versions of the Chicago School, highlighting its pioneering application of research techniques at least superficially similar to modern participant observation (technical aspect), but based on objectivist and scientistic principles, and not on the kind of interpretative concepts that currently support qualitative methodology (epistemological aspect).Key words: Chicago School, Qualitative Methodology, Participant Observation 

scholarly journals Sobre la observación participante en la Escuela de Chicago: un análisis de las monografías fundacionales

2017 ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Javier Santos ◽  
Juan Ignacio Piovani ◽  
María Eugenia Rausky
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Chicago School ◽  
Technical Aspect ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
History Of

ResumenLa idea de una Escuela Sociológica de Chicago en el período de entreguerras ha resultado persistente –en el marco de una interpretación que podríamos considerar clásica– bajo el supuesto lugar privilegiado que ésta tuvo en el desarrollo de los métodos cualitativos de investigación social (en general) y de la observación participante (en particular). Sin embargo, algunos de los autores que han avanzado en la reconstrucción de la historia de los métodos de investigación sociológica han cuestionado que se trate de métodos cualitativos en el sentido actual, presentando así una interpretación revisionista de la Escuela y de sus aportes metodológicos.Teniendo en cuenta esta tensión entre interpretaciones clásicas y revisionistas, en este artículo nos proponemos caracterizar las prácticas de investigación de campo (fieldwork) desplegadas en las monografías chicaguenses (tesis doctorales) que luego serían tomadas como hitos fundacionales de la observación participante sociológica por parte de los mentores de la interpretación clásica.Estas prácticas observacionales aplicadas en la investigación empírica de Chicago son interpretadas a partir de dos dimensiones: por una parte desde el punto de vista instrumental/operativo (técnico), recurriendo a la tipología desarrollada por Gold (1958) en su célebre artículo sobre los roles de observación y participación. Por otra parte, desde el punto de vista teórico-epistemológico, teniendo en cuenta su relación con supuestos objetivistas/cientificistas o interpretativos/cualitativos.Esta doble dimensión del análisis (epistemológico/técnico) permite mediar entre las versiones clásicas y revisionistas de la Escuela de Chicago, destacando la aplicación pionera en este contexto de técnicas análogas (al menos superficialmente) a la moderna observación participante (aspecto técnico), pero fundamentadas en general a partir de postulados objetivistas y cientificistas, y no en el marco de las concepciones interpretativas que en la actualidad dan sustento a la investigación cualitativa (aspecto epistemológico).Palabras clave: Escuela de Chicago, Metodología cualitativa, Obervación ParticipanteAbstractThe idea of a Sociological School of Chicago during the interwar period has been persistent –from a perspective that could be considered classical–, under the assumption that it had a special place in the development of qualitative methods of social research (in general) and of participant observation (in particular). However, some authors that focused on the history of sociological research methods have contested the idea that it developed qualitative methods in the modern sense, presenting a revisionist interpretation of the School and its methodological contributions.Given this tension between traditional and revisionist interpretations, this paper examines the practices of field research (fieldwork) portrayed in the Chicagoans’ monographs (doctoral thesis) that were later taken as foundational landmarks of sociological participant observation by the mentors of the above-mentioned classical interpretation.These observational practices applied in empirical investigations conducted by Chicagoans are analyzed from two dimensions: on one hand from the instrumental/operational (technical) standpoint, using the typology developed by Gold (1958) in his famous article on the roles of observation and participation. On the other hand, from the theoreticalepistemological perspective, taking into account their relationship with objectivist/scientistic or either interpretive/qualitative assumptions.This double dimension of analysis (epistemological/technical) allows to mediate between the classical and revisionist versions of the Chicago School, highlighting its pioneering application of research techniques at least superficially similar to modern participant observation (technical aspect), but based on objectivist and scientistic principles, and not on the kind of interpretative concepts that currently support qualitative methodology (epistemological aspect).Key words: Chicago School, Qualitative Methodology, Participant Observation 

Neither Too Scientific nor a Spy: Negotiating the Ethnographic Interview in Russia

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
Ethnographic Interview ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Industrial Societies

AbstractThe value of qualitative research is contingent upon clear and open communication between researcher and informants. During a comparative study of Russian Orthodox believers in New Jersey and St. Petersburg, ethnic Russians and ethnic Americans responded very differently to the research apparatus themselves. While Americans accepted participant observation, for Russians the history of Soviet surveillance has resulted in expectations that “competent” social research consists of surveys, and that such surveys are invasive. Meanwhile, American-style unstructured interviews, designed to let an informant lead, resembles behavior Russians associate with spies. Informants in post-industrial societies have expectations about how social research should be conducted, and these cultural differences must be incorporated in research design.

scholarly journals Can Indigenous Knowledge Contribute to the Sustainability Management of the Aspiring Rio Coco Geopark, Nicaragua?

Geosciences ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Pásková
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Environmental Knowledge ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Related Field ◽  
Sustainability Management ◽  
Photo Documentation ◽  
History Of

Indigenous knowledge in the UNESCO Global Geoparks represents an important emerging research topic. This study investigates aspects of the indigenous environmental knowledge in the southern part of the aspiring Rio Coco Geopark (Nicaragua) and its potential to enhance the sustainability management of geotourism and other geopark activities. The ethnographic method has been implemented in the form of semi-structured interviewing of the representatives of local households and through the application of participant observation. Related field research methods included documentation of the life history of Elders, focal group discussions, GPS mapping, photo-documentation, and problem tree analysis. The results indicate that the best-conserved indigenous environmental knowledge relates to the use of land, rocks, and plants, while the expression and transmission of the spiritual dimension of this traditional knowledge are declining. The key implications of the observed indigenous knowledge for the geopark decision-makers include the identified potential for its sustainability management, geotourism and geo-interpretation opportunities, as well as the conditions for the implementation of this potential.

scholarly journals O uso do Software HagáQuê nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental: práticas de letramento em contextos digitais

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 450
Author(s):  
Aletheia Machado de OLIVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Educational Software ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Field Research ◽  
School Belonging ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Technological Tool

RESUMOO presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar se o uso do software educativo HagáQuê auxilia os alunos no processo de leitura e escrita em contexto digital. Com uma metodologia de caráter qualitativa e pesquisa de campo com observação participante direta intensiva, o estudo envolveu professora e alunos em atuação no 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental pertencentes à rede municipal de ensino localizada no município de Minas Gerais. Os dados revelam que o trabalho articulado com a ferramenta tecnológica computador deve pautar-se através de um processo integrado, crítico, reflexivo e elaborado à luz dos objetivos educacionais. Verificou-se que a análise das histórias em quadrinhos criadas pelos alunos com a ajuda do software HagáQuê revela efetividade da prática da leitura e escrita de forma contextual. Conclui-se que o software educativo HagáQuê mostrou-se ser uma ferramenta interessante para esse processo ao provocar um interesse para uma maior aproximação com as funções sociais da linguagem. Letramento. Software educativo. HagáQuê.ABSTRACTThis paper aims to analyze whether the use of educational software HagáQuê helps students in the process of reading and writing in a digital context. With a qualitative methodology and field research with intensive direct participant observation, the study involved a teacher and students working in the 5th year of elementary school belonging to the municipal school system located in the municipality of Minas Gerais. The data reveal that the work articulated with the computer technological tool must be guided by an integrated, critical, reflective and elaborated process in the light of educational objectives. It was found that the analysis of the comic books created by the students with the help of the HagáQuê software reveals the effectiveness of the practice of reading and writing in a contextual way. It is concluded that the educational software HagáQuê proved to be an interesting tool for this process by provoking an interest in a closer relationship with the social functions of language. Literacy. Educacional Software. HagáQuê.RESUMENEste artículo tiene como objetivo analizar si el uso del software educativo HagáQuê ayuda a los estudiantes en el proceso de lectura y escritura en contexto digital. Con una metodología cualitativa e investigación de campo con observación participante directa intensiva, el estudio involucró a una profesora y alumnos que estudian en el 5to año de la escuela primaria perteneciente al sistema escolar municipal ubicado en el municipio de Minas Gerais. Los datos revelan que el trabajo articulado con la herramienta tecnológica computadora debe ser guiado por un proceso integrado, crítico, reflexivo y elaborado a la luz de los objetivos educativos. Se averiguó que el análisis de las historietas creadas por los estudiantes con la ayuda del software HagáQuê revela efectividad de la práctica de la lectura y la escritura de manera contextual. Se concluye que el software educativo HagáQuê resultó ser una herramienta interesante para este proceso al despertar el interés por una relación más cercana con las funciones sociales del lenguaje.Alfabetización. Software educativo. HagáQuê.SOMMARIOQuesto articolo mira ad analizzare se l'uso del software educativo HagáQuê aiuta gli studenti nel processo di lettura e scrittura in un contesto digitale. Utilizzando una metodologia qualitativa e una ricerca sul campo con un'intensa osservazione diretta dei partecipanti, lo studio ha coinvolto un insegnante e studenti che studiano nel 5 ° anno della scuola primaria appartenente al sistema scolastico municipale situato nel comune di Minas Gerais. Dai dati emerge che il lavoro articolato con lo strumento informatico deve essere guidato da un processo integrato, critico, riflessivo ed elaborato alla luce degli obiettivi formativi. Si è riscontrato che l'analisi dei fumetti creati dagli studenti con l'aiuto del software HagáQuê rivela l'efficacia della pratica di lettura e scrittura in modo contestuale. Si è concluso che il software educativo HagáQuê si è rivelato uno strumento interessante per questo processo risvegliando l'interesse in una relazione più stretta con le funzioni sociali del linguaggio.Alfabetizzazione. Software educativo. Fare.

scholarly journals Qualitative methods in social and clinical psychology: prolegomena to interdisciplinary dialogue

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Khoroshilov ◽  
E.Y. Balashova
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Preliminary Conclusion ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
Interdisciplinary Dialogue ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of

This article outlines the contours of an interdisciplinary dialogue between social and clinical psychology, the starting point of which the authors consider a qualitative approach to the analysis of mental phenomena. The concepts of qualitative methodology, methods and techniques in modern psychology are defined, epistemological principles of qualitative research are formulated, which allow to speak about them as a special style of scientific cognition. Clear and latent interrelations and borrowings in the sphere of practical application of qualitative methods in the history of national social psychology, pathopsychology and neuropsychology during the XX century are considered. According to the results of the comparative analysis, the preliminary conclusion is made that the qualitative methodology and qualitative methods in the national social, pathopsychology and neuropsychology have not only common historical roots (in the works of A.R. Luria and B. V. Zeigarnik), but also solve both specific and similar problems in various fields of research practice. The development of high — quality methods is one of the priorities of modern psychological science, continuing its best traditions.

The History of (Crime) Ethnography

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-39
Author(s):  
Luca Berardi
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Chicago School ◽  
Ethnographic Methods ◽  
Intellectual Traditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Crime And Deviance ◽  
Broad Overview ◽  
History Of Crime

This chapter provides a broad overview of the history and use of ethnography as a tool for studying crime and deviance. It traces the development of ethnographic methods, including participant observation, from ancient times to the present, exploring how early-twentieth-century anthropologists and sociologists, First and Second Chicago School ethnographers, and scholars from a variety of intellectual traditions have shaped, problematized, and codified ethnography—leaving us with some of the most canonical studies of crime and deviance in the process. This chapter serves as an historical steppingstone for the remainder of the handbook, highlighting some of the most influential people, places, studies, and movements that have shaped how contemporary crime ethnographers understand and practice their craft.

scholarly journals Conflicts in a Children’s Health Camp: Field Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-141
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav I. Belov ◽  
Daria Yu. Elkina
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Field Research ◽  
State Level ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Youth Health ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Group Distribution ◽  
Better Than

The aim of this article is to discuss the conflicts within a particular youth health camp. The analysis has been based on sociological research conducted through non-standard interviews and a participant observation method. The abstract includes an interview schedule. The main subject of research is particular youth health camps counsellors: their emotional state, level of tiredness, conflict-solving competence, which are considered as subjective components of the cause of conflict. The article focuses on 2 types of conflicts that take place in youth health camps: between counsellors and children, and among children themselves. The collected empirical data has been analyzed through comparison of counsellors’ defining characteristics, those who have experience of working in a youth health camp and those who do not. The research followed by analysis identified that experienced counsellors can cope with stress better than newcomers. This is clearly displayed at the beginning of the health camp shift session. By the middle of the shift session the difference becomes less noticeable and almost disappears by the end of the shift session. The empirical data from non-standard interviews is combined in five tables. The results of participant observation are presented as description of conflicts which took place in three health camp shift sessions – that includes age group distribution. The description of conflicts is provided with conflict-solving technique analysis.

Through the Lens of Gurdjieff

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-52
Author(s):  
Michael Pittman
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Spiritual Transformation ◽  
Spiritual Practice ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
Spiritual Conversation

G. I. Gurdjieff (c.1866–1949) was born in Gyumri, Armenia and raised in the Caucasus and eastern Asia Minor. He also traveled extensively throughout Turkey to places of pilgrimage and in search of Sufi teachers. Through the lens of Gurdjieff’s notion of legominism, or the means by which spiritual teachings are transmitted from successive generations, this article explores the continuing significance of spiritual practice and tradition and the ways that these forms remain relevant in shaping contemporary trends in spirituality. Beginning with Gurdjieff’s use of legominism, the article provides reflection on some early findings done in field research in Turkey— through site visits, interviews and participant-observation—conducted in the summers of 2014 and 2015. The aim of the project is both to meet individuals and groups, particularly connected to Sufism, that may have some contact with the influences that Gurdjieff would have been familiar with, and to visit some of the sites that were part of Gurdjieff’s early background and which served to inform his work. Considerations of contemporary practices include the view of spiritual transmission, and practices of pilgrimage, prayer and sohbet, or spiritual conversation, in an ongoing discourse about spiritual transformation.

Kedudukan dan Fungsi Bahasa dalam Permuseuman

Metahumaniora ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Erlina Zulkifli Mahmud ◽  
Taufik Ampera ◽  
Yuyu Yohana Risagarniwa ◽  
Inu Isnaeni Sidiq
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Communicative Function ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Library Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
Museum Guides ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

Kedudukan dan fungsi bahasa sebagai alat komunikasi manusia mencakup seluruh bidang kehidupan termasuk ilmu pengetahuan antara lain terkait sejarah peradaban manusia; bagaimana manusia mempertahankan hidupnya, bagaimana manusia memperlakukan alam, bagaimana alam menyediakan segala kebutuhan manusia. Apa yang dilakukan manusia saat ini, saat lampau, dan apa yang dilakukan manusia jauh di masa prasejarah, bagaimana kondisi alam di masa-masa tersebut, apa perubahan dan perkembangannya, dapat didokumentasikan melalui bahasa, divisualisasikan kembali, lalu dipajang sebagai salah satu upaya konversai dan preservasi dalam satu institusi yang disebut museum. Penelitian ini membahas kedudukan dan fungsi bahasa dalam permuseuman. Bagaimana kedudukan dan fungsi bahasa dalam permuseuman baik dalam informasi yang disampaikan oleh pemandu wisata museumnya maupun yang terpajang menyertai benda-benda dan gambar-gambar merupakan tujuan dari penelitian ini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah gabungan antara metode lapangan dan metode literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum kedudukan bahasa Indonesia berada pada urutan pertama setelah Bahasa Inggris dan keberadaan kedua bahasa dalam permuseuman ini melibatkan dua fungsi utama bahasa, yakni fungsi komunikatif dan fungsi informatif.The existence and function of language  as a medium of communication covers all fields of human life including knowledge, one of them is the history of human civilization; how humans survived, how human utilized nature for their lives, and how nature provides all the necessities for humans. What humans have been doing now, what they have done in the past and far before that in the pre-history time, how the conditions of the nature at those times were and what changes as well as progresses occurred are documented using language, then re-visualized,  displayed as one of conservation and preservation acts in an institution called museum. This research discusess the existence and function of language in museums. How important the existence of a language in museums and what language functions used in museums both in informations given by the museum guides and on the displays accompanying objects and pictures are the aims of this research. The methods used are the combination between field research and library research. The results show that generally the existence of Indonesian language plays more important role than English and both languages have two main functions; communicative function and informative function.     

TOURISM MOBILITY AT THE SUMMER OLYMPIC GAMES RIO 2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Cabral ◽  
Carolin Lusby ◽  
Ricardo Uvinha
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Bus Rapid Transit ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Official Sources ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Sports Tourism as a segment is growing exponentially in Brazil. The sports mega-events that occurred in the period from 2007 to 2016 helped strengthen this sector significantly. This article examined tourism mobility during the Summer Olympic Games Rio 2016, hosted by the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This study expands the understanding of the relationship between tourism and city infrastructure, therefore being relevant to academics, professionals of the area and to the whole society due to its multidisciplinary field. The existence of a relationship between means of transportation and the Olympic regions as well as tourist attractions for a possible legacy was observed. Data were collected from official sources, field research and through participant-observation and semi structured interviews. Data were coded and analyzed. The results indicate that the city was overall successful in its execution of sufficient mobility. New means of transportation were added and others updated. BRT's (Bus Rapid Transit) were the main use of mass transport to Olympic sites. However, a lack of public transport access was observed for the touristic sites.

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