scholarly journals Experimental Studies of the Process of Crushing Coal Charge on Hammer Mill with the View of Introducing Technologies and Products 4.0 at the Industrial Enterprises

Author(s):  
Popolov Dmitry ◽  
Zaitsev Gennady ◽  
Zaselskiy Igor ◽  
Velitchenko Vladimir ◽  
Konovalenko Vadim ◽  
...  
2021 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
V. I. Zaselskiy ◽  
D. V. Popolov ◽  
I. G. Ivanov ◽  
M. I. Shepelenko ◽  
D. V. Sagalay

Author(s):  
Анатолий Данилович Егоров ◽  
Вадим Анатольевич Егоров ◽  
Сергей Анатольевич Егоров ◽  
Игорь Ентович Синельников ◽  
Михаил Федорович Бабаков

The subject matter of the publication is the improvement of equipment and methods of atomic emission spectral analysis for use in laboratory and industrial practice. The goal is the author's development of a multisensor camera for recording optical spectra based on TCD1304AP TOSHIBA type TCD1304AP devices and research methods. The tasks to be solved are: developing and creating a multisensor optical spectra registration camera suitable for use in laboratory and workshop conditions working in conjunction with industry-issued spectrographs of various optical schemes, as well as developing methods for controlling temperature and linearity of the light-transmitting signal characteristics. The following results were obtained: The development of a multisensory spectral camera. Disclosed circuit design and design features of the developed camera. The used hardware and functional diagram are described. The light-signal characteristic of photodetectors has been studied in conjunction with the problems of spectral analysis. Experimental studies of the dark current and nonlinearities of the transfer function of the detector have been performed. Several methods for determining the temperature of a photodetector without the use of special thermal sensors are presented. A method for estimating nonlinearities according to the feasibility of the law of reciprocity of the spectral line brightness and the duration of exposure is given. The expediency of using the law of reciprocity for estimation the linearity of the light-signal transfer function of photodetectors are shown. Conclusions. As the result of comparing studies of other authors with our works, the violation of the law of reciprocity of the spectral line brightness and the duration of exposure was discovered not only at high but also at low signal levels. The reasons for deviations from the linearity of the light-signal characteristics at low levels of illumination are revealed. The methods of dealing with blooming when registering strong lines are proposed. The developed equipment and research results are used by the authors in laboratory practice at several industrial enterprises in Ukraine


Author(s):  
Olena Zoria ◽  
Oleksiy Ternovtsev ◽  
Dmytro Zoria

The article is devoted to solving an urgent problem - the development of effective methods of water purification from heavy metal ions from industrial wastewater. Today more emphasis on technologies that allow recycling of precious metals, the organization of return water supply and receipt safe disposal of sludge. Experimental studies of copper ions extraction from industrial wastewater of galvanic production by ferritization method have been carried out. The process of formation of ferromagnetic compounds of copper and iron has been studied. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis of the mineralogical composition of the samples and phase transformations that occur during aging and during the experiment are presented. The lattice constant of the α-ferite phase is calculated. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of ferite compounds and metallic copper. In this case, in the process of "aging" of the samples, the amount of the ferrite phase and metallic copper increases. Electron microscopic analysis confirmed that in the surface layer changed due to the formation of new phases, copper-containing iron oxides, the formation of cement copper and cuprospinel simultaneously exist. The influence on the course of the ferritization process of its conditions - the concentration and ratio of copper and iron ions, temperature, pH of the medium, the consumption of oxidant - oxygen is studied. The optimal parameters of the ferritization process for wastewater treatment from copper with an initial concentration of up to 10 g / l are determined. The possibility of formation of copper ferrite without aeration at a temperature of 200 C is shown. The study of physicochemical properties of sediments formed during ferritization is performed. Studies have shown that the residual concentration of copper in the solution after the application of the proposed technology is in the range from 0.14 to 0.6 mg / l. The efficiency of copper removal is 99.98%. It is established that at the process temperature within 50… 700 C, the ratio Cu: Fe = 1: 2.7, pH = 8.8… 10.5 and aeration intensity 4… 8 l / min precipitates are formed, which consist in the vast majority of ferrites and metallic copper.  


Author(s):  
Larysa Sablii ◽  
Veronika Zhukova ◽  
Lyudmyla Yepishova

The technology of local wastewater treatment of oil production is presented. It based on the consistent use of physico-chemical treatment methods and allows to remove organic matter, suspended solids from wastewater to the requirements of regulations and divert treated wastewater into the municipal sewerage system. Wastewater generated during the processing of soapstocks, in terms of pollutants exceeds the standards set for wastewater when discharged into urban drainage systems. Therefore, before removal to municipal treatment facilities, they must be treated locally using physico-chemical and biological methods. In the phase-dispersed state, such wastewater is a stable emulsion. The presence of phospholipids, which are stabilizers of emulsions, complicates the phase separation of wastewater components. In addition, wastewater contains suspended particles, colloidal and dissolved substances of organic and inorganic nature. It was found that the highest values ​​of the effect of removal of organic matter by COD - 78% at the initial COD - 40000 mg / dm3, the effect of reducing the concentration of suspended solids - 72.5% at the initial 6300 mg / dm3 were obtained in the process of coagulation using Al2 (SO4)3 and subsequent flotation with air supply through porous materials. The technological scheme of local treatment of industrial wastewater is proposed. It includes the following main processes: averaging, aeration, alkalinization, coagulation, flotation, oxidation, filtration, adsorption. Experimental studies have shown the effectiveness of treatment of soapstocks in oil production using the proposed technology with bringing the quality of treated wastewater to current sanitary requirements, which allowed to recommend the technology of treatment of soapstocks for successful use in industrial enterprises of the oil industry.


2020 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 07017
Author(s):  
FA Hoshimov ◽  
I U Rakhmonov ◽  
N N Niyozov

The article proposes a technological scheme of energy consumption for enterprises of the textile industry using technical means. On the basis of experimental studies in the field of energy saving in industrial enterprises, in particular in the tequistine industry, the main criteria for optimizing the whole variety of tasks for energy saving and assessing the corresponding energy indicators of units and enterprises in general are being developed. In addition, methodological foundations of experimental research on energy saving at operating industrial enterprises are being developed, taking into account technological and operational factors affecting energy consumption levels.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Сергей Ильдусович Валеев

Рассмотрены вопросы очистки нефтесодержащих сточных вод промышленных предприятий с малым содержанием легких примесей (около 1 %). Предложены пути по усовершенствованию конструкции цилиндроконического гидроциклона для выше описанного процесса. Проведенные экспериментальные исследования полей скоростей и давлений в цилиндроконическом гидроциклоне указывают на перспективность использования его для разделения нефтесодержащих сточных с невысокой концентрацией легких примесей. The issues of purification of oil-containing wastewater of industrial enterprises with a low content of light impurities (about 1%) are considered. Ways to improve the design of a cylindrical-conical hydrocyclone for the above-described process are proposed. The experimental studies of velocity and pressure fields in a cylindrical-conical hydrocyclone indicate the prospects of using it for the separation of oil-containing wastewater with a low concentration of light impurities.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2119 (1) ◽  
pp. 012158
Author(s):  
E N Bondarchuk ◽  
A S Pochtar ◽  
S V Vinogradov ◽  
V I Popov

Abstract The 1 MW experimental stand was modernized with a scroll swirler and a crushed fuel supply system. Comparative data on combustion and gasification of coal fuel crushed in high-stress mills - disintegrator, vibrocentrifugal and hammer mill - at a stand with a thermal power of 1 MW were obtained. The experiments used coal of the Kuznetsk Basin, grade D, with technical characteristics: Wr, % = 5.4; Ar, %=22.3; Vr, % = 32.3; Qsr, MJ/kg = 20.0. Elemental analysis showed that: Cr, %=54.6; Hr, % = 4.1; Nr, % = 1.3; Sr, % = 0.5; Or = 11.8. In experiments with grinding coal on a disintegrator mill, the value of H2 = 4.5 vol.% and CO = 9.4 vol.%, when grinding in a vibro-centrifugal mill, the values of H2 = 0.6 vol.% and CO = 5.8 vol.%, when grinding in a hammer mill, the values of H2 = 0.3 vol.% and CO = 2.8 vol.%. When studying the combustion of mechanochemically treated coal samples, it was found that, all other things being equal, the gasification parameters, namely, the gas concentration and the distribution of temperature zones, depend strongly on the type of equipment used for processing. In particular, processing to approximately the same degree of fineness in mechanical mills-activators with constrained impact and in free impact mills (disintegrators) resulted in different flame parameters.


2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-150
Author(s):  

В последнее время в строительной практике увеличилось использование композитной арматуры с применением различного типа волокон и полимеров, проводятся обширные экспериментальные исследования для оценки ее механических характеристик. Однако взаимодействие между арматурными стержнями и бетоном все еще плохо изучено из-за разнообразия материалов и типов поверхности. В статье представлены результаты испытаний сцепления арматурных стержней с мелкозернистым бетоном. Пять серий бетонных цилиндров с заанкеренными в них базальтопластиковыми и стеклопластиковыми стержнями, изготавливаемыми на предприятиях Приморского края, были испытаны на прямое выдергивание. Проведены также сравнительные испытания двух серий образцов со стальными стержнями из холоднотянутой проволоки классов В-I и Bp-I. В качестве исследуемых параметров рассматривались не только прочностные свойства границы сцепления, но и параметры кривых «напряжение–деформация» во всем диапазоне испытаний, включая ниспадающую ветвь. Деформации непосредственно в арматурном стержне фиксировались с помощью установленного на нем экстензометра. Анализ полученных данных показал, что на прочность сцепления влияет преимущественно шаг ребер на поверхности стержней периодического профиля. Установлено, что наибольшая прочность сцепления была у стержней с шагом ребер 15 и 20 мм. В то же время в образцах с такими стержнями отмечалась начальная высокая жесткость сцепления и практически отсутствие нисходящей ветви на кривых «напряжение–деформация», что свидетельствует о хрупком характере нарушения сцепления по поверхности арматуры и бетона. Применение аналогичной арматуры в элементах строительных конструкций может привести к хрупкому разрушению до исчерпания их несущей способности, что крайне нежелательно. Прочность сцепления металлических стержней с бетоном оказалась ниже, чем у всех испытываемых стержней композитной арматуры. Таким образом, сделан вывод о достаточно высоком качестве представленных для исследования образцов композитной арматуры и перспективности ее использования в качестве альтернативы стальным стержням в железобетонных элементах. В то же время при разработке новых видов продукции необходимо учитывать не только прочность арматуры, но и ее совместную с бетоном работу в конструкции на всем протяжении эксплуатации, обеспечивая при этом требования норм проектирования по предельному напряжению сцепления. Ключевые слова: композитная арматура, стеклопластиковая арматура, базальтопластиковая арматура, мелкозернистый бетон, сцепление арматуры с бетоном. At the time being, the use of composite reinforcement with inclusion of various types of fibers and polymers has increased in construction practice; extensive experimental studies are being conducted to assess its mechanical characteristics. However, the interaction between reinforcing bars and concrete is still poorly understood due to the diversity of materials and surface types. This paper presents the results of tests to study the bond behavior of FRP bars with fine-grained concrete. Five series of concrete cylinders with basaltplastic embedded in them and fiberglass bars produced at industrial enterprises of the Primorsky Krai were tested for direct pulling. For comparison, two series of samples with steel bars of cold-drawn wire of classes B-I and Bp-I have also been tested. As the parameters studied, not only the strength properties of the adhesion boundary have been considered, but also the parameters of the stress-strain curves in the entire test range, including the descending branch. Deformations directly in the reinforcing bar have been recorded using an extensometer mounted on the reinforcing bar. Subsequent data analysis showed that the bong strength was mainly affected by the pitch of the ribs on the surface of the rods. It was found that the greatest bond strength was in the rods with a step of ribs of 15–20 mm. At the same time, in samples with such rods, initial high bond stiffness and almost no descending branches on the stress-strain curves were noted, which indicates brittle nature of bond failure. The use of similar reinforcement in the elements of building structures can lead to brittle fracture until their bearing capacity is exhausted, which is extremely undesirable. The bond strength of metal rods to concrete was lower than that of all tested rods of composite reinforcement bars. Thus, it was concluded that the quality of the FRP samples presented for the study and the prospects of using composite reinforcement as an alternative to steel bars in reinforced concrete elements are sufficiently high. At the same time, when developing new types of products, it is necessary to consider not only the strength of the reinforcement bar, but also its joint work with concrete in the structure throughout the entire operation, while ensuring the requirements of the Codes for ultimate adhesion stress. Keywords: composite reinforcement, fiberglass reinforcement, basalt-plastic reinforcement, fine-grained concrete, bond between reinforcement and concrete.


2018 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 02034
Author(s):  
Vladislav Pomelov ◽  
Olga Poddaeva ◽  
Pavel Churin

The article deals with the experimental investigation of the wind effect on coke chambers, which are part of delayed coking units. These structures are one of the most susceptible structures of an increased level of responsibility in the structure of industrial enterprises, which is primarily due to their height (height exceeds 100 meters). Experimental researches were carried out on the basis of the Educational Scientific and Production Laboratory for Aerodynamic Tests of Building Structures of NIU MGSU, using the Unique Scientific Installation of the Large Gradient Wind Tunnel. The text of the article shows the main features of the models made for carrying out experimental studies, briefly describes the process of testing and their results.


Author(s):  
K.B. Kuznetsov ◽  
◽  
A.R. Zakirova ◽  

The article is devoted to the formation of a safe working environment at the industrial enterprises. Conducted experimental studies allowed to reveal not only the presence of electric and magnetic fields of 50 Hz, but also the spectrum of higher harmonic components at the workplaces of electrical personnel. Similar situation is observed in the electric (freight) alternating current locomotives of the railway transport. This is due to the specific features of electrical installations of two-pole and single-phase traction power supply. The important problem was solved related to the assessment of the additive effects of electric and magnetic fields with their simultaneous effect on the personnel. The new method is proposed for calculating and standardizing electric and magnetic fields of 50 Hz based on consideration of their dose energy characteristics at their simultaneous harmful effects on the personnel. The standardization is proposed to be carried out on the basis of the current maximum permissible levels of the parameters of 50 Hz electric and magnetic fields but in the form of the field energy characteristics based on the definition of the Poynting vector. The additivity of the effect of electric and magnetic fields on the personnel is proposed to be assessed by the additivity coefficient in the form of a quantitative measure of the combined harmful effect of the field strengths components. At the additive standardization of simultaneously two harmful factors of the electric and magnetic field strengths, the standardized indicators of magnetic and electric strengths required for assessing the total energy maximum safe level are reduced by 2 times. Based on the maximum permissible levels of electric and magnetic fields, a graph was built for the changes in the energy load of these fields versus the length of exposure. Technical device was developed that measures the level of energy load of the electric and magnetic fields. Using this device, it is possible to minimize the total effect of harmful factors on the electrical personnel with the help of protective means.


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