scholarly journals FEATURES OF LOAN SECURITY FOR THE REPRODUCTION OF FIXED ASSETS FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliia Aleskerova ◽  
Lidiia Fedoryshyna ◽  
Natalia Koval
Keyword(s):  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Long Time ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Cost

The purpose of the article is to justify features of credit support for reproduction of basic agricultural products. It is shown that the modern financial system of Ukraine is in a state of prolonged decline, the output of which depends on the innovation activity of all subjects of the financial system, on the effective reproduction of fixed assets and the adequate financial and credit mechanism of its provision for agricultural enterprises. Methodology. There are several stages of reproduction of fixed assets of agricultural enterprises. At the first stage, there is a productive use of fixed assets. At this stage, they wear out and, accordingly, the amount of wear is calculated. It is the basis for the cancellation of the amount of depreciation deductions for costs after the completion of the production process. At the first stage of the turnover of fixed assets, the lost value of means of labour is lost. It is carried over to the cost of finished products. At the second stage, the transformation of the worn out of fixed assets, which were in a productive form, into cash, is taking place. On the third stage, in the process of production, there is an update of the consumption value of the fixed assets. This update is carried out by replacing the worn core production assets with new ones due to the accumulated depreciation of fixed assets. Results. Thus, it is established that the process of reproduction of fixed assets of agricultural enterprises is characterized by a number of features. The main ones are: a gradual write-off of cost to production costs; partial reproduction of the value in the finished product and its accumulation in cash; a long-time interval required for the renewal of fixed assets in a naturally real form; the need to attract significant one-time cash expenditures. Practical implications. Thus, the peculiarities of credit support for the reproduction of fixed assets of agricultural enterprises are: the objective necessity of its implementation due to the unprofitableness of the industry and the impossibility for a large part of agricultural enterprises, from their own sources, to provide a simple and extended reproduction of fixed assets; seasonal production; necessity of state support of the crediting process of reproduction of fixed assets. Value/originality. Thus, credit support for the reproduction of fixed assets of agricultural enterprises is the obligation of an agrarian enterprise to a credit institution, which must be paid out over a period of more than one year from the date of drawing up the balance sheet, as well as the prolongation of short-term loans used by the enterprise solely for the purpose of reproduction of fixed assets.

account was developed from an analysis of the various elements to be accounted for. The logic that prevailed in the selection of the order of presentation of charges was based on the distinction be­ tween the major economic and financial operations usually con­ ducted by the firm. First, production operations necessitate the purchase of material, the payment of wages to employees and of taxes to the state, and the incurring of various operating expenses. Next, a category was created to register financial charges resulting from the firm’s financing policy. Finally, a category was devoted to the cost of permanent productive means related to the period: depreciation of fixed assets. On the revenue side of the trading account, resources coming from the sale of production or pur­ chased goods were shown first, since they result from the primary activity of the firm. Next, sales revenues from two secondary sources were shown in separate categories. Production by the firm of its own fixed assets, which was considered revenue since it represented a transfer of charges to the balance sheet, also ap­ peared under a separate heading. Finally, a category was allocated to revenues from financial operations such as interest and divi­ dends. Aside from financial accounting provisions, the plan con­ tained an important section on cost accounting. As mentioned earlier in the case of the CNOF Plan, to maximize both the stan­ dardization of financial accounting and the flexibility and adapt­ ability of the cost accounting system, the plan reserved a separate class for cost accounts, number 9. Separation of cost accounting also favored the progressive introduction of cost accounting, with­ out delaying the application of the financial accounting section of the plan. The role assigned to cost accounting by the plan was threefold, including the periodic determination of: 1. The cost of manufactured or purchased products; 2. Inventories, using the perpetual inventory method; 3. The results of operations by each branch or subdivision of the firm's activities In the general plan, a main structure for industrial accounting was prescribed, leaving the problem of application to particular cases to company plans. Two measures ensured the flexibility and adaptability of the plan. First of all, the use of the decimal system meant that any account could be subdivided by adding extra digits to the account number. Secondly, the free accounts left in the general plan could be used to fill specific needs. 294

2014 ◽  
pp. 350-350
Keyword(s):  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Financing Policy ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
General Plan ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Perpetual Inventory Method ◽  
Cost Accounting System ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals KERAGAAN AGROINDUSTRI DAN POSISI PRODUK BERDASARKAN SIKLUS HIDUP PRODUK PADA SOSIS GULUNG VARIAN NOODLE DI CV CUCURUTUKU CERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
Meliani Indah Sari ◽  
Dyah Aring Hepiana Lestari ◽  
Wuryaningsih Dwi Sayekti
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to analyze the process production of sausage noodle roll, the income and production costs, the marketing action and determine the position based on the life cycle of sausage noodle roll as well learn the role of supporting service for sausage noodle roll in CV Cucurutuku Ceria. This research method is a case study. The determination of consumer samples is taken by Convenience Sampling. Analysis of the data used in this research is descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis. The data of this study was collected in May 2019 until June 2019. The results showed that the value R/C>1, that means sausage noodle roll business was profitable. Calculation of the cost of production on sausage rolls noodles amounted to Rp1,046.53. The BEP unit calculation has been achieved for a long time, in the amount of 42,791 units from the BEP calculation of 604 units. The noodle rolls sausage has also obtained a profit from the selling price of Rp ,000.00 per pcs from the calculation of the BEP price of Rp1,238.58 per pcs. The marketing mix that has been utilized by CV Cucurutuku Ceria is collaboration with e-commerce companies namely gofood and grabfood to facilitate consumers in the ordering process and CV Cucurutuku Ceria has utilized social media as promotional activities for sausage noodle roll product. In the product life cycle, sausage noodle roll are in a stage of decline. CV Cucurutuku Ceria has not fully utilized the government policies regarding the protection and empowerment of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises.Keywords: cost, noodle, position, and sausage

scholarly journals Improvement of the method of accounting at the production enterprise

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Yuliia SHOSTAK
Keyword(s):  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
General Production ◽  
Rational Organization ◽  
Administrative Expenses ◽  
The Cost

The article deals with the importance of accounting for costs for the activity of manufacturing enterprises, examines the organization of cost accounting. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the organization of accounting for production costs, as well as to identify specific ways of its further improvement. It is established that there is a need to differentiate the costs of operating activities with their further detail. The importance of cost detailing by species, which provides accuracy and reliability of cost data, contributes to their efficient management. The basic prerequisites for rational organization of cost accounting have been formed and the directions for increasing the level of management of expenditure implementation have been determined. Based on the primary cost accounting documents, the required amounts are calculated by displaying them with the relevant invoices. Formation of information on production costs is carried out on accounts 23 «Production», 91 «General production costs», 92 «Administrative expenses», as well as on account 90 «Cost of sales». The debit of these accounts accounts for the costs, the loan – their debiting. It is also determined that accounting for production costs is one of the most important elements of enterprise accounting. It is because of this improvement in accounting that much attention must be paid to this area. In improving the accounting method for the cost segment, we offer improvements in three ways: 1. developed a fragment of the Work plan of analytical accounts for synthetic accounts 91 «General production costs», 92 «Administrative expenses», 2. Improvement of the method of «accounting and double entry» of conducting standard accounting transactions using the proposed analytics, 3. The Balance Sheet and Reporting method has been improved by improving Form No. 2 «Financial Statements (Income Statement)» by introducing additional lines. Part of the proposed analytical accounts to the accounts 91 and 92 is indicated in Accounting provisions (standards) 16 «Expenses», however, in the Plan of accounts this analytics is not spelled out, supplementing them and grouping them, we offer second and third order subaccounts for the expense accounts 91 and 92 The existence of these subaccounts will be advisable, since it allows a clear division of production costs for each cost item, thanks to such detailing it will be possible to improve their management system, which in turn will allow to make cost reductions for specific items. Thus, through the above suggestions for improving the cost accounting method, these elements of the reporting form become more comprehensive and understandable, and also improve the quality of accounting.

scholarly journals IMPROVING THE ENTERPRISES COMPETITIVENESS BY OPTIMIZING PRODUCTION COSTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2(64)) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Y.K. Vasylkova
Keyword(s):  
Production Costs ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Nominal Level ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Basic Wage ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Simultaneous Decrease ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Intellectual Potential ◽  
A Share

The technology of management decisions was studied in the article. The agricultural enterprises of Kherson region were analyzed. The modernization necessity of morally and physically obsolete fixed assets as an important component of compliance with rules and regulations protecting the environment was proved. The consequences of changes in legislatively established wage were analysis. In the article there is given the analysis of the consequences of implementation of governmental bodies� initiatives on the forming of tax burden when paying salary. It was discovered that increasing of nominal level of labour remuneration in general self cost of production may lead to increasing of selling price and worsening of competitive ratio in comparison with production (work, services) of foreign business entities. It was found that just internal changes in the structure of labour remuneration concerning the increase of a share of basic wage together with the simultaneous decrease of a share of additional wage and premium pays may almost equalize the wage levels of qualified specialists that have considerable intellectual potential and occur the positions of responsibility with the wage levels of unskilled service personnel.

scholarly journals Improving methodological approaches to assessing the components of the production potential of agricultural enterprises in the languages of transformation of the accounting system and financial reporting

2021 ◽  
pp. 154-165
Author(s):  
I. Svinous ◽  
L. Gavryk ◽  
N. Khomyak ◽  
S. Khomovyi ◽  
V. Zabolotny
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Business Optimization ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Independent Assessment

The article reveals the assessment of the current state of assessment of the components of the production potential of agricultural enterprises, in particular: agricultural land, biological assets, fixed assets. It is proved that an independent assessment of the components of the resource potential of farms of the corporate sector of the agricultural economy can be used as a justification for the fiscal authorities of the cost and the size of the VAT base as a whole; optimization of the top management salary based on the market capitalization (value) of the business; optimization of insurance payments, which are accrued depending on the market value of agricultural assets; preparation of reliable financial statements in accordance with IFRS in attracting international capital, because the international audit of such statements requires a preliminary assessment of fixed assets and other assets (including biological current assets) by an independent appraiser; optimization of the amount of collateral, the market value of which requires an independent assessment in all commercial banks. We believe that the reasonable value of land could be determined by the market after the lifting of the moratorium on the sale of agricultural land, but there is a risk of concentration in the hands of one owner. According to the results of research, the book value of fixed assets of agricultural enterprises differs several times from the market, which causes a mismatch between the amount of depreciation deductions to the amount required for a simple reproduction of fixed assets. At the same time, the regulations governing the valuation of fixed assets need to be harmonized to regulate their revaluation in agriculture at the macro level to ensure an objective measurement of fixed capital and its costs in the process of agricultural production at the micro level. Key words: agricultural land, fixed assets, biological assets, valuation, value, agricultural enterprises.

scholarly journals ADVECTION OF PASSIVE TRACERS IN THE ATMOSPHERE: BATCHELOR SCALING

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1250241 ◽  
Author(s):  
TÍMEA HASZPRA ◽  
PÉTER KISS ◽  
TAMÁS TÉL ◽  
IMRE M. JÁNOSI
Keyword(s):  
Time Evolution ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Wind Fields ◽  
Tracer Dispersion ◽  
Pair Separation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Intermediate Time ◽  
Passive Tracers ◽  
One Year

Extensive numerical experiments are performed on tracer dispersion in global reanalysis wind fields. Particle trajectories are computed both along an isobaric (500 hPa) and an isentropic (315 K) surface in a time interval of one year. Besides mean quantities such as advection of the center of mass and growth of tracer clouds, special attention is paid to the evaluation of particle pair separation dynamics. The characteristic behavior for intermediate time scales is Batchelor's dispersion along both surfaces, where the zonal extent of the tracer cloud increases linearly in time. The long-time evolution after 70–80 days exhibits a slower, diffusive dispersion (Taylor regime), in agreement with expectations. Richardson–Obukhov scaling (superdiffusion with an exponent of 3/2) could not be identified in the numerical tests. The results confirm the classical prediction by Batchelor that the initial pair-separation determines subsequent time evolution of tracers. The quantitative dependence on the initial distance differs however from the prediction of the theory.

Comparison of the 1947 Plan with the 1942 Plan and the CNOF Plan To facilitate the adoption of the plan, the Committee for the Normalization of Accounting did not want to upset accounting traditions unduly. Since the 1942 Plan had already been intro­ duced in some companies, it seemed natural that the committee base its work on that plan, and try to improve upon it. The com­ mittee benefited from companies’ experience with the 1942 Plan, and took into account the criticisms that had been expressed of the earlier plan. The 1947 Plan was a major advance over the 1942 Plan. First, to number the first class, the zero was dropped and replaced by the number one to facilitate the use of accounting machines. The zero was used thereafter for statistical accounts. Second, separate classes were created for fixed assets and third-party accounts (short-term receivables and payables). Third, class number 2 of the 1942 Plan, which contained the regularization and engage­ ment accounts, was abolished, and the accounts reallocated to other classes. Fourth, purchases now appeared in class 6 instead of class 3, which was reserved for inventories, and the cumber­ some accounts for purchases added to inventory were eliminated. Lastly, accounts were classified in the same order on the balance sheet and in the chart of accounts. The separation of cost accounting from financial accounting, a feature of the CNOF Plan, was retained, together with the impu­ tation of both expenses and revenues in the cost accounts. As in the CNOF Plan, contra-accounts were placed in the same catego­ ries as the accounts they corrected, and accounts that had the same function in the firm were designated by the same number of digits. The rational classification used in the CNOF Plan was adopted for the balance sheet. However, the committee did not retain the classification into ordres and categories found in the CNOF Plan, since the flexibility of decimal coding was preferred. This meant that, as in the 1942 Plan, the balances of the 1947 chart's classes were meaningless. Applicability of the 1947 Plan The Superior Council for Accounting, created by a January 1947 decree, was to supervise the application of the 1947 Plan. The conditions under which it was to operate were to be specified 295

2014 ◽  
pp. 351-351
Keyword(s):  
Class Number ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Major Advance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Rational Classification

scholarly journals AMORTIZATION DESIGNATIONS AS A SOURCE FOR REPRODUCTION OF THE TECHNICAL BASE OF AGRICULTURE

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
Асия Субаева ◽  
Asiya Subaeva ◽  
Марат Низамутдинов ◽  
Marat Nizamutdinov ◽  
Наталья Александрова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technical Support ◽  
Fixed Capital ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Accelerated Depreciation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Agroindustrial Complex ◽  
The Cost

The role of depreciation in an enterprise can be represented as a source of reproduction of fixed capital and a share of the cost of production. The study of sources of financing for the processes of renewal and modernization of agriculture is considered on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan. In the agricultural sphere, the problem of the targeted use of depreciation funds is aggravated by the difficult financial situation of many agricultural producers, which reduces the amount of funds allocated for the reproduction of fixed capital. The market of agricultural machinery requires serious financial investments and improvement of the mechanism of technical support of the agroindustrial complex. One of the ways to improve this issue is the revision of depreciation methods. In Russia, for a long time, only a uniform depreciation method was used based on the useful life, when the values of fixed assets are repaid evenly over their entire service life, we propose the use of accelerated depreciation. In this regard, the purpose of the publication is to study the changes in the share of depreciation used on investments in the total amount of accrued depreciation and to propose measures to improve the reproduction of fixed capital. The analysis showed that in the Republic of Tatarstan over the past 5 years, only about 30% of the accrued depreciation deductions are sent by farmers to invest in fixed capital. According to the results of the analysis, the idea of increasing the role of depreciation deductions as a source of renewal and modernization of agricultural equipment through the system of state support and the accumulation of depreciation deductions in the form of money on deposit or special accounts in banks was considered. A scheme for the functioning of the regional depreciation fund and its controls are proposed. The introduction of a mechanism to increase the role of depreciation as a source of financing will ensure the growth and modernization of agricultural technical support through a system of targeted use of depreciation funds.

scholarly journals Analysis and evaluation of the impact of progressive development on economic growth and sustainability of hotel and restaurant business

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Olena Judina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Production Resources

Introduction. The problem of ensuring the economic sustainability of modern hotel and restaurant businesses is due to the need to ensure their sustainable development in a changing external environment, unstable market conditions, increased competition and rising prices for production resources. Advantages in solving these problems provide reduction of production costs, diversification of activities, novelty of products / services, technical and technological updating and improvement of material and technical base, improvement of management system, working conditions and financial condition of the enterprise, which is directly related to the economic efficiency of the business process. Since overall efficiency is the output of the production process and is defined as the ratio of output to cost of operations, and its increase provides an increase in economic effect, the most favourable economic conditions and competitive advantages in the market, the problem of establishing the relationship between efficiency gains and economic sustainability of enterprises is exacerbated. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the study is to analyze and determine the degree of influence of the factors of progressive development on improving the efficiency of use of production resources and ensuring the stability of functioning of the enterprises of the hotel and restaurant business through modeling, calculation of indicators of progressive development. Results. As a socio-economic system, an enterprise is characterized by complex multicomponent relationships between a large number of interdependent and interacting elements of different types, each of which can in turn be represented as a system (subsystem). The criteria of progressive economic development of the hotel and restaurant business enterprises are defined in the paper and the methods of their structural and component analysis are grounded. Models of pairwise regression between costs, types of capital investments and parameters of investment and innovation activity are constructed. The sequence of calculation of indicators of progressive economic development is offered. Conclusions. Increasing the cost of new machinery and equipment, existing buildings and structures, new construction and acquisition of software are contributing to the growth of labor resource potential, reducing material consumption, and increasing the cost of production. On the basis of structural-component analysis regularities of differentiated mutual influence between the indices of production resources consumption and directions of investment-innovative activity are determined, indicators of progressive development are used, by which it becomes possible to measure the level of efficiency of use of resource potentials, economic growth of the enterprises of the hotel and restaurant business.

scholarly journals COMPETITIVENESS OF UKRAINIAN AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES AT THE CURRENT STAGE OF ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-65
Author(s):  
Natalia YURCHUK
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Sound Classification ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Innovative Environment ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The article examines the theoretical foundations of the concept of competition and competitiveness, identifies the features and parameters of this economic category for Ukrainian agricultural enterprises. It is noted that the level of competitiveness of an agricultural enterprise at certain times is determined by the influence of a number of factors. Factors vary in nature, origin and level of influence, accordingly, effective management of the competitiveness of the agricultural enterprise is possible provided that the factors are identified and scientifically sound classification. Taking into account that agricultural enterprises have different strategic potential, different strategies and operate in an environment of varying complexity, external and internal are considered; controlled and uncontrolled factors used to assess the level of competitiveness of agricultural enterprises. It is determined that the assessment of competitiveness is an integral part of any enterprise, because only on the basis of such an assessment can be drawn conclusions about the level of competitiveness of the enterprise, as well as develop directions for its improvement. It was found that the methodology of competitiveness research is directly dependent on the globalization of goals. Most methods of assessing competitiveness are based on identifying factors that affect the competitiveness of the enterprise. It is noted that the assessment of the competitiveness of the enterprise should take into account the criteria for its implementation. It is also established that an effective way to reduce the cost of agricultural production is the use of alternative fuels, in particular, biodiesel and bioethanol, which can replace expensive traditional fuels. The directions of state support of agricultural enterprises, the size of subsidies and subsidies as one of the important elements of ensuring their continuous operation and increasing competitiveness are studied. According to the results of the study, the areas of increasing the competitiveness of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises in an innovative environment, the implementation of which for a long time will create real advantages over competitors.

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