scholarly journals CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF FUNDAMENTAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH’ INSTITUTIONALIZATION IN COGNITIVE SOCIETY

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Levchenko ◽  
Al-Ghazali Ameen Saif Ali
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
Theoretical Generalization ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
True Knowledge

The subject of publication is the theoretical generalization of the philosophical foundations of fundamental scientific research (FSR). The stages of institutionalization of attitude to the FSR are considered, from the stage of critical discussion of the conditions for obtaining true knowledge of the Hellenistic period to the developed system of teaching about the transcendental logic of Kant and Hegel’s logical teaching about being, essence and concept in the context of fundamental scientific research. The methodology is based on generalization of the most radical points of view and approaches of representatives of different philosophical schools and research programs to clarify the essence and ways of FSR. The causes and gnoseological origins of the FSR scientific method change to the modern form of the method of verification toleration of scientific theories of post-positivism and metapositivism (Popper, Lakatos, Kuhn, Feyerabend) are described. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the period of radical rethinking of the classical paradigm of fundamental theoretical research, which is set out in the teachings of researchers of the ancient period, the New Time, classical German, Marxist philosophy, has started. Instead of the deterministic method of scientific thinking, the verification logic of substantiation of the process of generating new knowledge (line Descartes&Pascal), the method of verification toleration/refutation of Popper is adopted by scientists. At the same time, the justification for the truth of the FSR is based on the development of Descartes’ teachings about the method. The applied result of the practical application of the Popper’s concept in the field of FSR implementation is a deliberately probabilized style of scientific cognition, the principle of verifying the intermediate interpretation of the truth, updating practical approaches to demarcation procedures, justifying the partial and permissible value of scientific theories as “points of invariability” in the continuum of continuous inaccuracy and uncertainty (Hume/Berkeley vs. Bacon/Newton line).

scholarly journals METHODS IN CRIMINALISTICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-21
Author(s):  
V. Zhuravel
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Empirical Research Methods ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Court Expert ◽  
Different Levels

The genesis and current condition of scientific approaches to defining methods in criminalistics are considered. It is noted that, despite the significant importance for the formation of the methodology of criminalistics science, no separate doctrine of its methods has been created yet. Conversely, scientists offer different definitions and classification constructions of methods of this science. There is not always a justifiable division of criminalistics methods into research methods and methods of practical activity. It is emphasized that the introduction of a single, unified, consistent classification of methods in criminalistics science is a prerequisite for the further effective scientific research in this area of knowledge and the solution of praxeological tasks in the activity of judicial investigative bodies, expert institutions, operational units. Finding out established approaches to the classification of methods in science of criminalistics will contribute to the final formation of the modern scientific criminalistics paradigm. In view of the results of the analysis of scientific approaches, it is proposed to divide the methods in forensics into two varieties, using the following terms: 1) methods of criminalistics that means methods of studying the subject of research of this field of knowledge, carrying out scientific research; 2) criminalistics methods, that is, the optimal methods of action of authorized subjects that are the result of the conducted research and recommended for practical use. Methods of criminalistics should be grouped into the following levels: philosophical, general scientific (methods of empirical research, methods of theoretical research, general logical methods), separate scientific (special) (borrowed, transformed, especially criminalistics). In turn, forensic methods can be divided into: methods of collecting, recording and investigating evidence; methods of using forensic and special techniques; methods of conducting individual investigative (search) actions; methods of designing and testing investigators, court, expert versions and construction of forecasting models, etc. The above points out that in the forensic scientific knowledge there is a complex, dynamic, subordinated system of numerous methods of different levels, spheres of action, directions, which are realized taking into account specific conditions and subject of research. At the same time, this system is open and constantly updated with new methods as a result of their development and renewing.

scholarly journals Doctrinal legal thinking as the basis of theoretical research (on the example of the theory of status public law)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Elena M. Krupenya
Keyword(s):  
Legal Theory ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Personal Knowledge ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Legal Thinking ◽  
The Subject ◽  
True Knowledge

The author analyzes doctrinal legal thinking in the context of ontological characteristics of thinking the object of metasubject research in the field of cognitive psychology, physiology of thinking and other areas of modern science and, above all, in philosophy. As a result, problematizes the resources of doctrinal legal thinking in the process of producing new true knowledge, organized in the form of private legal theory, the indicators of which correlate the criteria of epistemology. Attention is drawn to the fact that in the process of developing private legal theories, which feeds the General legal theory, at the initial stage, of course, it is important to use the experience accumulated within a certain doctrine. Nevertheless, the limitation of the doctrinal legal worldview is noted. The author sees it in the fact that the doctrinal legal worldview (paradigm) is not able to ensure the transition to a qualitatively new knowledge according to the epistemological Maxim: from the old knowledge, the new is fundamentally not deducible. In this regard, the author substantiates the heuristic possibilities of a complex methodology. It is a complex, contextual methodology that allows, firstly, to obtain a qualitatively new knowledge about the object of a private theory; and, secondly, a complex methodology allows us to count on the fact that the knowledge obtained as a personal knowledge thanks to the subject of the study, legal and related state reality are able to be expressed and framed in lexical constructions the knowledge obtained, nevertheless, meets the criterion of objectivity. An illustrative example is the private theory of public law status, which is characterized in the context of epistemological criteria, namely: object, subject, empirical and regulatory framework, philosophical and ideological grounds and, of course, complex methodology.

scholarly journals The influence of the paradigm of forensic science on law enforcement

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-167
Author(s):  
Nikolay V. Karepanov
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Recommendations

The subject. The subject of the study is the relationship between the methodology of the theory of forensic science and law enforcement issues. The nature of the forensic science and the paradigms of theory are subject to significant changes today. Philosophical and scientific postulates revealed differences in post-non-classical science. The author substantiates the need for the evolution of some essential criteria of scientific knowledge in forensic science. The article deals with the concepts of private forensic theories and the structure of the general theory of forensics. It shows the impact of scientific research on the needs of practice, the ambiguous nature of the preparation of practical recommendations, the complex path from basic forensic research to the integration of investigative methods in investigative practice. The purpose of the article is to confirm or disprove the hypothesis that changing the general forensic paradigms should lead to changes in the method of detecting and using traces of crimes in criminal proceedings. The methodology of the research includes analysis, synthesis, deduction as well as private scientific methods of forensics, in particular, the doctrine of traces. The main results of the research. Any scientific research, especially in the field of forensics, is aimed at solving practical problems if they are unsolvable by existing methods and recommendations. Sometimes the problem, especially at the initial stage of its study, is difficult to be identified clearly. First of all, you need to prove that it exists, then define it in general, and only then look for approaches, methods of scientific research of its causes and essence, and concentrate on finding a solution. In forensic science, this is expressed in the identification of inefficiency in solving the problems of investigating crimes using existing scientific recommendations. One of the essential elements of private forensic theories is their practical implementation. Practical orientation in forensics implies the availability of knowledge that is potentially suitable for the development of practical recommendations on methods, techniques for detecting traces of crime and related events, means of collecting evidence, the possibilities of using the extracted and processed information for the purposes of criminal proceedings. The relevance of the results is determined by the significance of the scientifically proven tasks, questions and problems. For investigative practice, it is not the status of theoretical recommendations that is important, but their qualitative content. Conclusions. Relevance in practice does not always determine the scientific significance of theoretical research in forensic science. The fundamental nature of scientific knowledge and overcoming outdated paradigms require time and at a certain stage may not be in demand in practice. However, changes in scientific views are strategically necessary for law enforcement and should be reflected in recommendations for forensic practitioners.

scholarly journals Subject of audit: improvement of cognition methodology

2021 ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Valerii Zhuk ◽  
Kateryna Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Public Utility ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
The Status ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Subject

Introduction. Scientists generate many conflicting interpretations of the subject of the audit; this indicates the weakness of the current version of audit theory. But in practice, audit from a professional-closed system is increasingly acquiring the status of a socio-economic institute. Therefore, there is a need for a clear identification of the public utility of the audit institute – its mission. The formation of the mission is a priori based on the potential of the subject of the audit, the cognition of which is the primary task of academic science.The purpose of the article is to develop theoretical ideas about the subject of the audit and formulate its new essence on general scientific philosophical foundations and doctrines and the concept of sustainable development.Research methods. In the article has been used general scientific and specific research methods, in particular: abstraction, induction and deduction, comparison – to study of theoretical research of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of audit theory; graphic – to study the models and development strategies of the audit institute; analysis and synthesis – to identify the institutional trend of semantic growth of the substantive functionality of the audit.Results. The research results form the basis for the further development of theoretical ideas about the subject of the audit. The methodology of cognition of the essence of the subject of the audit, based only on the connection to its objects, was critically assessed.  It has been proven that such scientific approach solves the problem of cognizing the subject situationally, but does not form a stable idea about the subject in the theory and practice of audit. The methodology for understanding the subject of the audit institute was proposed taking into account the development of its functionality. The institutional trend  of the substantial increase in audit objects and functions was revealed. The model of    the subject-functional growth of audit and the development strategy of the audit institute has been built on the basis of modern institutional scientific doctrines and the concept of sustainable development. According to the authors, the subject of the audit is the study of the nature of audit functionality, aimed at reducing uncertainty in economic and sustainable development. Steps have been taken towards the formation of a stable version of the audit theory in terms of the sustainability of its audit subject and mission.Discussion. Further research into the essence of the subject of the audit should      be combined with modern economic and social theories, doctrines and the concept of sustainable development, challenges from audit practice. The improvement of the methodology of cognition of the subject of the audit should be based on the application of techniques and methods of practical integrity and axiological methodology, especially in the concept of “audit functionality”.

A. Rudalyov. 4 shots (A. Zhuchkova)

2019 ◽  
pp. 272-277
Author(s):  
Anna V. Zhuchkova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Literature ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
New Realism ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Subject

The review considers A. Rudalyov’s book 4 Shots [ 4 vystrela ], devoted to the ‘new realism’, a trend in 2000s Russian literature, and more specifically, works of four ‘new realists’: Z. Prilepin, R. Senchin, S. Shargunov, and G. Sadulaev. The reviewer criticizes the author for an incomplete and biased presentation of ‘new realism’, which had been a focus of intense discussions among literary critics and scholars for over a decade. The same flaw blights the descriptions of the four chapters’ respective protagonists: Prilepin, Senchin, Shargunov, and Sadulaev. Rudalyov ended up writing a panegyric, albeit with very sparse language, mainly by repetition of flattering epithets from the press. He failed, however, to address the discussion of the ‘new realism’ by critics or supply a review of literary theoretical research on the subject. Therefore, the reviewer finds the book lacking in any historical-literary and philological value.

Stages and methods of legalization of criminal proceeds obtained as a result of economic and tax crimes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-156
Author(s):  
Pyotr Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Internal Affairs

In this article, based on the study and analysis of operational-search legislation, scientific publications, law enforcement practice and the criminal situation in the field of legalization, the operationalsearch counteraction to the legalization of income received from the Commission of tax crimes is considered. The paper focuses on the stages (stages) of laundering, the existing points of view on this account, as well as on the methods of illegal withdrawal of funds abroad. The author of the article aimed to develop scientifically based proposals and recommendations for improving the effectiveness of this type of activity by the territorial bodies of internal Affairs and their divisions of economic security and anti-corruption. It is proposed to put forward and work out operational search versions within the subject of study, as well as to develop, taking into account the methods (schemes) used by criminals to launder criminal proceeds and illegally withdraw funds abroad for the purpose of their subsequent legalization, operational search measures to document their criminal actions. In addition, the author recommends constant monitoring of money laundering methods based on operational and investigative practices. The results and key conclusions formulated in this article can be used in the theory and practice of operational investigative activities of internal Affairs bodies to counteract the legalization of income received from tax crimes.

Conflicts caused by afforestations of agricultural land in densely populated areas

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lust ◽  
B. Muys
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Points Of View

In  densely populated areas, such as Flanders, serious conflicts arise due to the  afforestation of agricultural lands. Roughly speaking, three sectors are  involved: agriculture, forestry and nature conservation. These groups do not  always share the same points of view. But even within the different sectors  there are several subgroups with their own interests and approaches.  Generally speaking, agriculture is strongly opposed, forestry has a  relatively diversified meaning, whereas nature conservation is either opposed  or in favour, depending on the region's biological value.     The policy in this matter is not forest friendly. Legislation strongly  hampers the afforestation of agricultural lands. Moreover the subject leads  to a series of ecological problems, which have not really been considered up  to now.

Popularising Croll: an opportunity for expression and creativity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Jo WOOLF
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Ice Ages ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
The Public ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Earth’S Climate

ABSTRACT James Croll (1821–1890) was a gifted scientist whose revolutionary theories had a profound impact on our understanding of the Earth's climate, ice ages and glaciation. While his contributions are recognised by an increasing number of modern-day scientists, in the public domain his legacy has been all but forgotten. Popularising Croll's story brings its own challenges: we know more about the science than we do about the man, and his theories do not lend themselves to quick and easy explanation. While Croll's scientific theories, presented alone, risk being viewed as complex and difficult to digest, his lifelong struggle against adversity is a compelling story with the potential for widespread public appeal. In recent years, interested individuals and institutions have begun to increase public awareness of Croll through talks and lectures, exhibitions, theatrical events and articles in print and online. There are many more possibilities that are worth investigating, in order to inspire and engage people locally, nationally and even internationally. Croll's story is fascinating from many points of view, and is open to interpretation by people of different ages and backgrounds. Perhaps even the gaps in our knowledge can be turned to advantage, allowing for imagination, creativity and expression.

THE CONCEPT AS THE OBJECT OF STUDY OF LINGUISTICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-242
Author(s):  
K. Galiyeva ◽  
◽  
S. Isakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon ◽  
Scientific Fields

The article is devoted to the definition of concept in modern linguistics. Various points of view and definitions of the basic concepts are considered: "concept", "conceptual sphere", "content". The aim of the article is to describe and explain such a complex unit as a concept from the point of view of linguistics. The object of research is studied in its various manifestations, the combination of verbal and nonverbal means of information expression in the conceptual sphere is revealed. the relevance of this topic is due to the need for a detailed consideration of the concept of concept based on the works of prominent scientists and linguists. Researchers treat the concept as a cognitive, psycholinguistic, linguocultural, cultural and linguistic phenomenon. The concept is an umbrella term because it "covers" the subject areas of several scientific fields: primarily cognitive psychology and cognitive linguistics.

Responsibility before the World: Cinema, Perspectivism and a Nonhuman Ethics of Individuation

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-410
Author(s):  
Andrew Lapworth
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Human Subject ◽  
Ethical Responsibility ◽  
Experimental Film ◽  
World Cinema ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Humanities And Social Sciences

The recent ‘nonhuman turn’ in the theoretical humanities and social sciences has highlighted the need to develop more ontological modes of theorising the ethical ‘responsibility’ of the human in its relational encounters with nonhuman bodies and materialities. However, there is a lingering sense in this literature that such an ethics remains centred on a transcendent subject that would pre-exist the encounters on which it is called to respond. In this essay, I explore how Gilles Deleuze's philosophy offers potential opening for a more ontogenetic thinking of a ‘nonhuman ethics’. Specifically, I focus on how his theory of ‘individuation’ – conceived as a creative event of emergence in response to immanent ontological problems – informs his rethinking of ethics beyond the subject, opening thought to nonhuman forces and relations. I argue that if cinema becomes a focus of Deleuze's ethical discussions in his later work it is because the images and signs it produces are expressive of these nonhuman forces and processes of individuation, generating modes of perception and duration without ontological mooring in the human subject. Through a discussion of Verena Paravel and Lucien Castaing-Taylor's experimental film –  Leviathan (2012)  – I explore how the cinematic encounter dramatises different ethical worlds in which a multiplicity of nonhuman ‘points of view’ coexist without being reduced to a hierarchical or orienting centre that would unify and identify them. To conclude, I suggest that it is through the lens of an ethics of individuation that we can grasp the different sense of ‘responsibility’ alive in Deleuze's philosophy, one oriented not to the terms of the already-existing but rather to the nonhuman potential of what might yet come into being.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document