scholarly journals A Survey of Traditional and Customized Bus Transportation Planning Methodologies

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Transportation Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Transit Planning ◽  
Planning Strategy ◽  
Bus Transit ◽  
Mode Of Transportation ◽  
Bus Service

Transportation planning is an area of public policy that is increasingly recognized for having a significant impact on human health and well-being. Passengers all across the world are choosing bus transit as one of the most cost-effective ways of transportation. The number of passengers who use this mode of transportation is steadily increasing. According to statistics, the bus was India's most popular mode of transportation in 2014. A bus was viewed as a mode of transportation by 66 percent of families in rural areas and 62 percent of households in urban areas. With increased demand, there is a concern about efficiently organizing this service. Because a lack of planning can generate major problems in the real world, such as traffic jams and high operating expenses, it is a source of concern for corporate and government entities who provide this service. In this paper, a review on various bus transit planning approaches and stages and methodologies used in each stage of the customized bus planning strategy is presented. This study will assist bus service organizing entities, whether private or public, in efficiently organizing bus service

scholarly journals Rural Healthcare IoT Architecture Based on Low-Energy LoRa

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7660
Author(s):  
Ace Dimitrievski ◽  
Sonja Filiposka ◽  
Francisco José Melero ◽  
Eftim Zdravevski ◽  
Petre Lameski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Doctor Patient Communication ◽  
Connected Health ◽  
Iot Devices

Connected health is expected to introduce an improvement in providing healthcare and doctor-patient communication while at the same time reducing cost. Connected health would introduce an even more significant gap between healthcare quality for urban areas with physical proximity and better communication to providers and the portion of rural areas with numerous connectivity issues. We identify these challenges using user scenarios and propose LoRa based architecture for addressing these challenges. We focus on the energy management of battery-powered, affordable IoT devices for long-term operation, providing important information about the care receivers’ well-being. Using an external ultra-low-power timer, we extended the battery life in the order of tens of times, compared to relying on low power modes of the microcontroller.

scholarly journals Estimation of Building Heights and DEM Accuracy Assessment Using ICESat-2 Data Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Goddu Pavan Sai Goud ◽  
Ashutosh Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Surface Geometry

The use of remote sensing for urban monitoring is a very reliable and cost-effective method for studying urban expansion in horizontal and vertical dimensions. The advantage of multi-temporal spatial data and high data accuracy is useful in mapping urban vertical aspects like the compactness of urban areas, population expansion, and urban surface geometry. This study makes use of the ‘Ice, cloud, and land elevation satellite-2′ (ICESat-2) ATL 03 photon data for building height estimation using a sample of 30 buildings in three experimental sites. A comparison of computed heights with the heights of the respective buildings from google image and google earth pro was done to assess the accuracy and the result of 2.04 m RMSE was obtained. Another popularly used method by planners and policymakers to map the vertical dimension of urban terrain is the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). An assessment of the openly available DEM products—TanDEM-X and Cartosat-1 has been done over Urban and Rural areas. TanDEM-X is a German earth observation satellite that uses InSAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry) technique to acquire DEM while Cartosat-1 is an optical stereo acquisition satellite launched by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) that uses photogrammetric techniques for DEM acquisition. Both the DEMs have been compared with ICESat-2 (ATL-08) Elevation data as the reference and the accuracy has been evaluated using Mean error (ME), Mean absolute error (MAE) and Root mean square error (RMSE). In the case of Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC), RMSE values 5.29 m and 7.48 m were noted for TanDEM-X 90 and CartoDEM V3 R1 respectively. While the second site of Bellampalli Mandal rural area observed 5.15 and 5.48 RMSE values for the same respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that TanDEM-X has better accuracy as compared to the CartoDEM V3 R1.

scholarly journals A Study of the Understated Violence Within Social Contexts Against Adolescent Girls

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Shivangi Nigam ◽  
Niranjana Soperna
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

Violence against women is linked to their disadvantaged position in the society. It is rooted in unequal power relationships between men and women in society and is a global problem which is not limited to a specific group of women in society. An adolescent girl’s life is often accustomed to the likelihood of violence, and acts of violence exert additional power over girls because the stigma of violence often attaches more to a girl than to the  perpetrator. The experience of violence is distressing at the individual emotional and physical level. The field of research and programmes for adolescent girls has traditionally focused on sexuality, reproductive health, and behaviour, neglecting the broader social issues that underpin adolescent girls’ human rights, overall development, health, and well-being. This paper is an endeavour to address the understated or disguised form of violence which the adolescent girls experience within the social contexts. The parameters exposed under this research had been ignored to a large extent when it comes to studying the dimension of violence under the social domain. Hence, the researchers attempted to explore this camouflaged form of violence and discovered some specific parameters such as: Diminished Self Worth and Esteem, Verbal Abuse, Menstruation Taboo and Social Rigidity, Negligence of Medical and Health Facilities and Complexion- A Prime Parameter for Judging Beauty. The study was conducted in the districts of Haryana (India) where personal interviews were taken from both urban and rural adolescent girls (aged 13 to 19 years) based on  a structured interview schedule. The results revealed that the adolescent girls, both in urban as well as rural areas were quite affected with the above mentioned issues. In urban areas, however, due to the higher literacy rate, which resulted in more rational thinking, the magnitude was comparatively smaller, but the difference was still negligible.  

scholarly journals Social Progress Index for Urban and Rural Areas of a Region: Evidence from Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-435
Author(s):  
Maylee Inga-Hancco ◽  
Adamari Indigoyen-Porras ◽  
Sergio Parra-Alarcón ◽  
Juan Cerrón-Aliaga ◽  
Wagner Vicente-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
The Social ◽  
Global Organization ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The present study describes the methodological process proposed by the Social Progress Imperative Global Organization to calculate the Social Progress Index in urban and rural areas of the province of Huancayo, Peru, in 2020. The survey was based on 229 observations regarding basic human needs, foundations of well-being and opportunities. The result produced an index of 56.04 for urban areas and 53.98 for rural areas; results that are in the low and low middle range respectively, identifying deficiencies in the quality of economic policies, with respect to the sanitation service, where more than 30% do not have access to drinking water, and others. It was concluded that the index showed no improvement with respect to 2019, likewise the social gaps still persist and the well-being of the aforementioned population was not increased.

Teachers’ perceptions of ICT issues in education: an approximation by gender and region in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florina Guadalupe Arredondo-Trapero ◽  
José Carlos Vázquez-Parra ◽  
Martín De Jesús González-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The aim of this study is to analyse teachers’ perceptions of information and communication technologies (ICT) and the effect they have on their students, comparing male and female teachers in rural and urban areas of Mexico. Design/methodology/approach This is a quantitative study with a validated questionnaire that records the perception of school teachers from a state in the northeast of Mexico. The questionnaire was designed by interviewing 20 teachers who have had problematic situations in the use of technology by students. The main problems that were perceived in their students were cyberbullying, cyberviolence, online pornography, excessive use of videogames and also lack of ability to use digital technology. Hypothesis testing was applied to identify differences between gender (female or male) and region (rural or urban), considering these problems and the efforts made by the school to address these issues. Findings Both the gender of the teaching staff and the region where the school is located are variables that are influencing the willingness to incorporate ICT issues that are affecting the well-being of students into the educational agenda. While teachers are the main actors in preparing their students on how to face these challenges, students in schools with mostly male teachers, or located in rural areas, will be in a situation of greater vulnerability to be victims of the problems that arise as part of ICT risks in a digital society Research limitations/implications This article only offers a first approach to ICT and teachers’ perceptions. It is necessary to broaden the scope of this type of research to include different educational contexts and to ask questions that reveal in greater detail how schools are dealing with ICT and its possible risks and the factors that have influenced the successes or failures they are having in these attempts. Practical implications This finding can help schools to promote programs focused to apply ICT for student flourishment and help them to deal with the risk that digital technology is generating in young students. Originality/value Although multiple research have been conducted to address teachers’ perception about diverse topics, there has been no specific research on the self-perception of teachers in dealing with technology and preparing students for the problems presented by ICT and its risks. This research contributes to the literature on the impact that teachers’ perceptions can have on the adoption of technology in education, and how this can be different by gender and region.

Follow-up of Children With Trait in a Rural Setting

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 876-877
Author(s):  
Herman Harris
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Hb S ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Limited Testing

The Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers were established in 1972 to test, educate, counsel, and research sickle cell anemia and related hemoglobinopathies. Standards and protocols for testing, education, and research were readily established because similar procedures and methods were already in operation at the institutions where the centers were located. The most difficult and still the most controversial program to provide is counseling. It became evident, early, that there is no universally accepted method for informing carriers of abnormal Hb S about their results. Centers located in large urban areas with a limited testing radius do not face the same problems as centers located in rural areas where the testing radius may cover an entire state or several states. Individual, or one-on-one, counseling of persons with trait results appears to be successful for urban centers where the individual may be called to the center and given information. But, in a rural setting, it is not feasible for the center to ask a person to travel 350 miles to be told he or she has nothing to worry about. And it is not cost-effective to send a caseworker 350 miles to say the same thing. It must, therefore, be concluded that each agency or center must adopt counseling methods that meet its specific needs. Each program must be flexible, imaginative, and creative and must successfully and accurately deliver information about being a carrier for the sickle gene or other hemoglobinopathy and its implication and significance for patients and their future offspring. To do this, we must first look at the problems facing us.

Multiple Dimensions of Impoverishment in Iran

2020 ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Hosnieh Mahoozi ◽  
Jeurgen Meckl
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Multiple Dimensions

Concerning the demands of Sen’s (1984) Capability Approach to the assessment of human well-being, we estimate multidimensional poverty and compare the results with traditional measures of income poverty in Iran. We detect poverty in urban and rural Iran over 1999-2007, a period with relatively high GDP growth. The results reveal that the pace of income poverty reduction is much faster than the pace of multidimensional poverty alleviation. The pace of poverty reduction is much slower in rural areas than in urban areas and the capital city, Tehran. Hence, inequality between rural and urban areas increased over the time. We also show how policymakers may benefit from applying the multidimensional approach in targeting the subgroups by the most deprived aspects.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN REPUBLICS OF DAGESTAN

Fisheries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Magomed Gimbatov
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
The Republic

The article considers the potential of Dagestan aquaculture (with trout as case study) to increase the level of social and economic development of rural areas of the republic. An economic analysis of the prospects for the development of forestry was carried out taking into account the territorial features of the Republic of Dagestan. The study shows that the socio-economic effect of the trout farming development in Dagestan can be considered as particularly significant. Its successful implementation will accelerate the solution of the following problems of the republic: - Increase of self-sufficiency of the population, fish products of own production, with fresh and high quality; - Increased consumption of fish products per capita, especially in rural areas; - Expansion of the tax base and increase of cash receipts, in the form of taxes and other payments to the budget and extrabudgetary funds at all levels; - Creation of a significant number of new jobs in rural areas and, as a result, the reduction of rural migration to urban areas; - The revival of fish processing plants; - Increased production of environmentally friendly food products in the region. The results of the study can be used in the development of the Rural Development Strategy of the region. Sustainable and large-scale development of aquaculture (fish farming) will bring the economy of the area to a higher level and make a significant contribution to improving the well-being of the rural population of the Republic of Dagestan.

scholarly journals Social Determinants and Disparities in Active Aging Among Older Taiwanese

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 3005
Author(s):  
Hui-Chuan Hsu ◽  
Jersey Liang ◽  
Dih-Ling Luh ◽  
Chen-Fen Chen ◽  
Ying-Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Active Aging ◽  
Severe Cognitive Impairment

This study assesses equity in active aging across social determinants among older Taiwanese. The data were collected from face-to-face interviews with adults aged 55 years or more in Taiwan in 2017 (n = 738). A total of 30 individual-level Taiwan active aging indicators were chosen, and the relationship between social determinants and active aging indicators were analyzed by logistic regression models. Women were more likely to participate in volunteering and other social groups and in lifelong learning activities, whereas men were more likely to be employed, to engage in physical activity, to feel safe from violence, and to use preventive care. Higher education was related to higher employment, social participation, independent living, lifelong learning, and a lower likelihood of poverty and severe cognitive impairment. Those living in rural areas were more likely to be employed, perform physical activity, feel physically safe, have better mental well-being, and have higher social respect and social integration ratings, whereas living in urban areas was related to greater access to medical care, owning assets, less severe cognitive impairment, greater likelihood of using information and communications technology, higher level of education, and higher access to convenient transportation. The significant disparities that exist in active aging may suggest inequality.

scholarly journals Cesarean delivery and its social determinants in women of childbearing age: analysis of Benin’s DHS

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Kpozehouen ◽  
Y Glèlè Ahanhanzo ◽  
E Klikpo ◽  
C Azandjeme ◽  
C Metonnou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Cesarean Delivery ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Caesarean Delivery ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Childbearing Age

Abstract Background Caesarean delivery, usually performed on a medical indication, is intended for maternal or fetal rescue. Accessibility issues justify setting up a so-called model of “free caesarean” in several developing countries, including Benin, in order to reduce social inequalities and contribute to the reduction of maternal and neonatal mortality. The study aimed to identify the determinants associated with caesarean delivery in women aged 15-49 in Benin. Methods This is a secondary analysis of data from Benin’s Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) 2017 - 2018. It was limited to mothers aged 15 to 49 who gave birth to at least one child in the 5 years preceding the survey. The socio-demographic characteristics of the mother and the variables related to pregnancy were the independent variables. Association between cesarean delivery and its determinants was assessed by odds ratios and their 95% confidence interval using a logistic regression. Results The percentage of mothers who gave birth by caesarean was 6.84%, 95% CI = [6.07; 7.59]. The average age was 29.37 years, 95% CI = [29.20; 29.55]. The probability of cesarean delivery was higher with women aged 45 years and older (OR = 3.33, 95% CI = [1.85, 6.01]), living in urban areas (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = [1.08 1.84]), from rich or very rich households (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = [1.29, 3.05], OR = 1.87, 95% CI = [1.19, 2.96] respectively) and educated (OR = 1.63 95% CI = [1.19, 2.24] and OR = 1.81, 95% CI = [0.97, 3.39] for the secondary and upper levels respectively). Conclusions This analysis shows that cesarean delivery remains associated with the socio-demographic characteristics of the mother, including the level of economic well-being. The current financing model of cesarean should be evaluated for effectiveness and further interventions need to be implemented to account for other factors of disparity. Key messages Benin health authorities should improve the geographical accessibility of Cesarean section, especially in rural areas. The strategies proposed to improve the financial accessibility of cesarean section do not seem effective, so the Beninese authorities should think about revising them.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document