scholarly journals Study of Using Thymbra spicata leaves to reduce the toxic immunosuppresive effect of aflatoxin in broilers

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-147
Author(s):  
Hatem M. M. Al-Naemey
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Thymbra Spicata ◽  
Newcastle Disease Vaccine ◽  
Protection Ratio

The present study performed to evaluate the impact of addition ofThymbra spicata leaves powder of aflatoxin contaminated ration inreduction of the aflatoxin immuno suppressive effect in the immuneresponse induced by Newcastle disease vaccine in broilers.The study conducted in three groups, The first group fed aflatoxin freeration, second group fed aflatoxin contaminated ration without anytreatment, while the third group fed aflatoxin contaminated rationsupplemented of 2% Thymbra spicata leaves powder.All chick groups were vaccinated twice with Newcastle disease vaccine(NDV) at 10 and 20 days of age. ELIZA test was carried out to estimate thehumeral immune response at 6, 19 and 31 days of age. Infection challengwere done at day 32 of age with velogenic ND strain (Z-2003).The results showed that the first group has high significante antibodies titerreach to 3239±249.3 at 19days of age and 10186+845.3 at 31 days of agewith significant level 0.01 and high protection ratio against challenge(100%)at 32 days of age, while the second group has the low antibodies titerreach to 2622.6±27.3 at 19 days of age and 5712.5±786.9at 31daysof ageand low protection ratio against challenge(66.67), the third group’santibodies titer and protection ratio lower than first group and higher thansecond group ,the titers are 3060±542.5 at 19 days of age and 5712.5±786.9at31 days of age while the protection ratio against challenge is 80% at 32days of age .The results showed the immuno suppressive effect of aflatoxin as in secondgroup and the role of Thymbra spicata leaves powder in reduction of theseeffect.

scholarly journals The impact of Levamisole on Newcastle disease antibodies titer in broilers fed with diet contaminated with Aflatoxin

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Hatem M. M. AL- Naemey
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Suppressor Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Newcastle Disease Vaccine ◽  
Protection Ratio

This study designed to know the immuno suppressor effect of aflatoxinsand the efficacy of levamisole to reduce these effects in the titer of antibodiesand protection against challenge for Newcastle disease vaccine in chickens.This trail include three groups, first group fed on ration free fromaflatoxins contamination, Second group fed on ration contaminated withaflatoxins, while the third group fed on the same ration of second group andgiven levamisole via drinking water with the dose of 10mg/kg of body weight.All groups vaccinated twice against Newcastle disease at 10 and 20 daysof age. The immunity evaluated by ELISA test at 6, 19, 31 days of age andchallenged at 32 days old.The results indicate that the second group has the lowest titer ofantibodies and protection ratio after challenge, while the first group has thehightest titer of antibodies and high protection ratio after challenge. The titer ofantibodies and the protection against challenge in the third group had higher titerthan them at second group and lower than them at first group.These results revealed the role of aflatoxins in immunosuppression forNewcastle vaccines and reduce the efficacy of vaccination process and reducethe protection ratio after challenge, also reveal the role of levamisole in reducingof these effect and elevation of immune response to Newcastle vaccine inchickens.

MicroRNA-520c-3p Modulates Doxorubicin-Chemosensitivity in HepG2 Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Ragheb ◽  
Marwa H. Soliman ◽  
Emad M. Elzayat ◽  
Mervat S. Mohamed ◽  
Nada El-Ekiaby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Function ◽  
Protein Expression Level ◽  
Blot Technique ◽  
Induction Of Apoptosis ◽  
The Impact

Background: Doxorubicin (DOX) is the most common drugs used in cancer therapy, including Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Drug resistance, is one of chemotherapy’s significant problems. Emerging studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) could participate in regulating this mechanism. Nevertheless, the impact of miRNAs on HCC chemoresistance is still enigmatic. Objective: Investigating the role of miR-520c-3p in enhancement of anti-tumor effect of DOX against HepG2 cells. Methods: Expression profile for liver related miRNAs (384 miRNAs) has been analyzed on HepG2 cells treated with DOX using qRT-PCR. miR-520c-3p, the most deregulated miRNA, was selected for combination treatment with DOX. Expression level for LEF1, CDK2, CDH1, VIM, Mcl-1 and TP53 was evaluated in miR-520c-3p transfected cells. Cell viability, colony formation, wound healing as well as apoptosis assays have been demonstrated. Furthermore, Mcl-1 protein level was measured using western blot technique. Results: The present data indicated that miR-520c-3p overexpression could render HepG2 cells chemo-sensitive to DOX through enhancing its suppressive effects on proliferation, migration, and induction of apoptosis. The suppressive effect of miR-520c-3p involved altering the expression levels of some key regulators of cell cycle, proliferation, migration and apoptosis including LEF1, CDK2, CDH1, VIM, Mcl-1 and TP53. Interestingly, Mcl-1 was found to be one of the potential targets of miR-520c-3p, and its protein expression level was down-regulated upon miR-520c-3p overexpression. Conclusion: Our data referred to the tumor suppressor function of miR-520c-3p that could modulate chemosensitivity of HepG2 cells toward DOX treatment, providing a promising therapeutic strategy in HCC.

scholarly journals NLRP7 Promotes Choriocarcinoma Growth and Progression through the Establishment of an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2999
Author(s):  
Deborah Reynaud ◽  
Roland Abi Nahed ◽  
Nicolas Lemaitre ◽  
Pierre-Adrien Bolze ◽  
Wael Traboulsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Orthotopic Model ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Maternal Immune Response ◽  
The Impact

The inflammatory gene NLRP7 is the major gene responsible for recurrent complete hydatidiform moles (CHM), an abnormal pregnancy that can develop into gestational choriocarcinoma (CC). However, the role of NLRP7 in the development and immune tolerance of CC has not been investigated. Three approaches were employed to define the role of NLRP7 in CC development: (i) a clinical study that analyzed human placenta and sera collected from women with normal pregnancies, CHM or CC; (ii) an in vitro study that investigated the impact of NLRP7 knockdown on tumor growth and organization; and (iii) an in vivo study that used two CC mouse models, including an orthotopic model. NLRP7 and circulating inflammatory cytokines were upregulated in tumor cells and in CHM and CC. In tumor cells, NLRP7 functions in an inflammasome-independent manner and promoted their proliferation and 3D organization. Gravid mice placentas injected with CC cells invalidated for NLRP7, exhibited higher maternal immune response, developed smaller tumors, and displayed less metastases. Our data characterized the critical role of NLRP7 in CC and provided evidence of its contribution to the development of an immunosuppressive maternal microenvironment that not only downregulates the maternal immune response but also fosters the growth and progression of CC.

Children's Charities in Crisis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Body
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Early Intervention Services ◽  
The Third ◽  
Intervention Services ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Voluntary Organisations

Following a decade of radical change in policy and funding in children’s early intervention services and with the role of the third sector under increased scrutiny, this timely book assesses the shifting interplay between state provision and voluntary organisations delivering interventions for children, young people and their families. Using one-hundred voices from charities and their partners on the frontline, this book provides vivid accounts of the lived experiences of charitable groups, offering key insights into the impact of recent social policy decisions on their work. Telling the story of how the landscape of children’s early intervention services has changed over the last decade, it provides crucial lessons for future policy whilst demonstrating the immeasurable value of voluntary organisations working in this challenging terrain.

scholarly journals Effects of polysaccharide from Ophiopogon japonicus on immune response to Newcastle disease vaccine in chicken

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1155-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Song ◽  
Mei Cao ◽  
Zhongqiong Yin ◽  
Renyong Jia ◽  
Yuanfeng Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Ophiopogon Japonicus ◽  
Newcastle Disease Vaccine

scholarly journals The Role of Micronutrients in Support of the Immune Response against Viral Infections

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Pecora ◽  
Federica Persico ◽  
Alberto Argentiero ◽  
Cosimo Neglia ◽  
Susanna Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Optimal Function ◽  
The Impact

Viral infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the importance of public health practices including handwashing and vaccinations in reducing their spread is well established. Furthermore, it is well known that proper nutrition can help support optimal immune function, reducing the impact of infections. Several vitamins and trace elements play an important role in supporting the cells of the immune system, thus increasing the resistance to infections. Other nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids, help sustain optimal function of the immune system. The main aim of this manuscript is to discuss of the potential role of micronutrients supplementation in supporting immunity, particularly against respiratory virus infections. Literature analysis showed that in vitro and observational studies, and clinical trials, highlight the important role of vitamins A, C, and D, omega-3 fatty acids, and zinc in modulating the immune response. Supplementation with vitamins, omega 3 fatty acids and zinc appears to be a safe and low-cost way to support optimal function of the immune system, with the potential to reduce the risk and consequences of infection, including viral respiratory infections. Supplementation should be in addition to a healthy diet and fall within recommended upper safety limits set by scientific expert bodies. Therefore, implementing an optimal nutrition, with micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids supplementation, might be a cost-effective, underestimated strategy to help reduce the burden of infectious diseases worldwide, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

scholarly journals Molecular and Clinical Characterization of LAG3 in Breast Cancer Through 2994 Samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Yihang Qi ◽  
Jie Zhai ◽  
Xiangyi Kong ◽  
Xiangyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Despite the promising impact of cancer immunotherapy targeting CTLA4 and PD1/PDL1, a large number of cancer patients fail to respond. LAG3 (Lymphocyte Activating 3), also named CD233, is a protein Coding gene served as alternative inhibitory receptors to be targeted in the clinic. The impact of LAG3 on immune cell populations and co-regulation of immune response in breast cancer remained largely unknown. Methods To characterize the role of LAG3 in breast cancer, we investigated transcriptome data and associated clinical information derived from a total of 2994 breast cancer patients. Results We observed that LAG3 was closely correlated with major molecular and clinical characteristics, and was more likely to be enriched in higher malignant subtype, suggesting LAG3 was a potential biomarker of triple-negative breast cancer. Furthermore, we estimated the landscape of relationship between LAG3 and ten types of cell populations in breast cancer. Gene ontology analysis revealed LAG3 were strongly correlated with immune response and inflammatory activities. We investigated the correlation pattern between LAG3 and immune modulators in pan-cancer, especially the synergistic role of LAG3 with other immune checkpoints members in breast cancer. Conclusions LAG3 expression was closely related to malignancy of breast cancer and might serve as a potential biomarker; LAG3 might plays an important role in regulating tumor immune microenvironment, not only T cells, but also other immune cells. More importantly, LAG3 might synergize with CTLA4, PD1/ PDL1 and other immune checkpoints, thereby lending more evidences to combination cancer immunotherapy by targeting LAG3, PD1/PDL1, and CTLA4 together.

Modeling, Design, and Applications of the Gas Sensors Based on Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes

2017 ◽  
pp. 920-946
Author(s):  
Rafael Vargas-Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Prospective Analysis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
The Impact

Gas sensing continues attracting research communities due to its potential applications in the sectors military, industrial and commercial. A special emphasis is placed on the use of carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, as sensing materials. The chapter will be divided as follows: In the first part, a description of the main topologies and materials (carbon nanomaterials plus polymers, metals, ceramics or combinations between these groups) used to fabricate gas sensors based on graphene and carbon nanotubes that are operated by conductance or resistance electrical, is realized. Next, different mathematical models that can be used to simulate gas sensors based on these materials are presented. In the third part, the impact of the graphene and carbon nanotubes on gas sensors is exemplified with technical advances achieved until now. Finally, it is provided a prospective analysis on the role of the gas sensors based on carbon nanomaterials in the next decades.

scholarly journals Effect of Inflammation on Female Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Neurons: Mechanisms and Consequences

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaudia Barabás ◽  
Edina Szabó-Meleg ◽  
István M. Ábrahám
Keyword(s):  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Inflammatory Signals ◽  
Cholinergic Pathway ◽  
Gnrh Neurons ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Impact

Inflammation has a well-known suppressive effect on fertility. The function of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, the central regulator of fertility is substantially altered during inflammation in females. In our review we discuss the latest results on how the function of GnRH neurons is modified by inflammation in females. We first address the various effects of inflammation on GnRH neurons and their functional consequences. Second, we survey the possible mechanisms underlying the inflammation-induced actions on GnRH neurons. The role of several factors will be discerned in transmitting inflammatory signals to the GnRH neurons: cytokines, kisspeptin, RFamide-related peptides, estradiol and the anti-inflammatory cholinergic pathway. Since aging and obesity are both characterized by reproductive decline our review also focuses on the mechanisms and pathophysiological consequences of the impact of inflammation on GnRH neurons in aging and obesity.

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