scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Groundwater between Geological Groups of Southern Benue Trough, Nigeria Using Modelling Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses Oghenenyoreme Eyankware ◽  
Philip Njoku Obasi ◽  
Christoper Ogwah
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Benue Trough ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Host Rocks ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Modelling Approach

Groundwater studies were carried out between two geological groups to evaluate factors that influences groundwater geochemistry. To achieve this, 30 groundwater samples were collected. Parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity (Ec), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), and hydrochemical characteristics (Na2+, K+ , Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3¯, NO3¯, Cl¯, CO23¯, and SO42¯) of groundwater were determined. Findings revealed that the pH value for Asu River Group ranges from 5.3 to 7.5, and that of Eze Aku Group ranges from 4.1 to 7.9. It was observed that areas around the mines had low pH values. Analyzed results that were obtained were interpreted using various hydrogeochemical models. Parson plots reflected that groundwater within the two geological groups fell within Ca˗Mg˗SO4 and Ca˗Mg˗Cl. Results from End˗member plots showed that 96% of groundwater samples analyzed were categorized under carbonate weathering, 4% fell silicate weathering. Gibbs plots revealed that interactions between groundwater and surrounding host rocks are mostly the main processes responsible for chemical characteristics of groundwater, Diamond field plots suggested that groundwater within the study were categorized to be high in Ca + Mg & SO4 + Cl, the plot of Ca2+/(HCO3¯+SO42¯) against Na+/Cl¯ revealed that groundwater was considered to be within the natural state for the two group. The plot of TDS against TH showed that groundwater is classified as soft freshwater. The study revealed there was no significant difference between factors that influence groundwater within the two geological.

scholarly journals Chemical Characteristics and Assessment of Groundwater Quality Between Two Geological Group of the Lower Benue Trough ,Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses Oghenenyoreme Eyankware ◽  
Ruth Oghenerukevwe Eyankware Ulkapa ◽  
Obinna Chigoziem Akakuru ◽  
Oghenegare Emmanuel Eyankware
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hydrochemical Studies ◽  
Lower Benue Trough ◽  
Host Rocks ◽  
Field Plots

Hydrochemical studies was carried out within two geological groups of  the Albian to Turonian in age to evaluate factors that influences hydrochemistry of groundwater. To achieve this, 30 groundwater samples were collected. Parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity (Ec), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH) and hydrochemical characteristics (Na2+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3¯, NO3¯, Cl¯, CO23¯ and SO42¯) of groundwater were determined. Findings revealed that pH value for Asu River Group ranges from 5.3 to 7.5, and that of Eze Aku Group ranges from 4.1 to 7.9. It was observed that areas around the mines had low pH value. Analyzed results that was obtained were interpreted using various hydrogeochemical models. Parson plots showed that groundwater within the two geological groups fell within Ca˗Mg˗SO4 and Ca˗Mg˗Cl. Results from End˗member plots revealed that 96 % groundwater samples analyzed were categorize under carbonate weathering, 4 % fell under silicate weathering. Deductions from Gibbs revealed that interactions between groundwater and surrounding host rocks is the major processes responsible for chemical characteristics of groundwater, Diamond field plots further suggested that groundwater from the two geological group were categorized to be high in Ca + Mg & SO4 + Cl, plot of Ca2+/(HCO3¯ + SO42¯) against Na+/Cl¯  revealed that groundwater were considered to be within natural state for the two group. Plot of TDS against TH showed that groundwater was classified to be soft fresh water. The study revealed there was no significant difference between factors that influences groundwater within the two geological group. 

Hydrogeochemical processes in groundwater resources located around abandoned Okpara coal, Enugu SE. Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
C Ogwah ◽  
MO Eyankware
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Field Plots

A detail understanding of the hydrogeochemical characteristics and groundwater quality is indispensable for the sustainable utilization of the groundwater sources. This is in line with sustainable development goal of United Nation. The following parameters were analyzed using APHA, 2012 standard: pH, Ec, total dissolved solid (TDS,) total hardness (TH), magnesium (Mg2+), sulphate (SO4 2¯), chloride (Cl¯), bicarbonate (HCO3¯), carbonate (CO3 2¯), nitrate (NO3¯), potassium (K+), sodium (Na2+)and calcium (Ca2+). Findings revealed that pH value reveals that groundwater is acidic. Bivariate plots showed that groundwater quality is influenced by number of factors. Hydrogeochemical assessment of groundwater samples was based on the following model:End-member, Parson’s and Diamond field plots. Results from these plots revealed that silicate and carbonate weathering are the major factors that control groundwater quality and that groundwater samples were of different water type namely, Ca–Mg–SO4, Ca–Mg–Cl, Na–SO4 water type and high Ca+Mg & SO4+Cl respectively. It was observed that 99 % of groundwater within the study area fell within fresh water category and groundwater is influenced by various factors. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.55(4), 245-252, 2020

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF HYDROGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES IN GROUNDWATER RESOURCES LOCATED AROUND ABANDONED OKPARA COAL MINE, ENUGU SE. NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
C. Ogwah ◽  
M. O. Eyankware
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
United Nation

A detail understanding of the hydrogeochemical characteristics and groundwater quality is indispensable for the sustainable utilization of the groundwater sources. This is in line with Sustainable development goal of United Nation. The following parameters were analyzed using APHA, 2012 standard: pH, Ec, total dissolved solid (TDS,) total hardness (TH), magnesium (Mg2+), sulphate (SO42¯), chloride (Cl¯), bicarbonate (HCO3¯), carbonate (CO32¯), nitrate ( NO3¯), potassium (K+), sodium (Na2+) and calcium (Ca2+). Findings revealed that pH value reveals that groundwater is acidic. Bivariate plots showed that groundwater quality is influenced by number of factors. Hydrogeochemical assessment of groundwater samples was based on the following model: End-member, Parson’s and Diamond field plots. Results from these plots revealed that that silicate and carbonate weathering are that major factor that control groundwater quality, and that groundwater samples were of different water type namely; Ca–Mg–SO4, Ca–Mg–Cl, Na–SO4 water type and high Ca + Mg & SO4 + Cl respectively. It was observed that 99 % of groundwater within the study area fell within fresh water category and groundwater is influenced by various factors such as weathering.

scholarly journals Use of Modelling Approach in evaluation of Fractured Shale Aquifers for irrigation purpose; a case study of Oju, Lower Benue Trough Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
M. O. Eyankware ◽  
C. Ogwah
Keyword(s):  
Total Hardness ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Benue Trough ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Irrigation Purpose ◽  
Lower Benue Trough ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Modelling Approach

AbstractGroundwater samples were evaluated for irrigation purpose, within selected part of Oju area of Benue State, Nigeria. The study area lies within Asu River Group of the Lower Benue Trough, southern part of Nigeria. Physicochemical parameters were analyzed using APHA, 2012 method. Results from the study showed that pH falls within slightly basic to acidic, with Ec value ranging from 127 to 760 μS/cm, SSP ranges from 1.53 to 43.78, Sodium Percentage ranges from 1.55 to 77.8 %, Kelly Ratio ranges from 0.01 to 0.77, Magnesium Absorption Ratio ranges from 0.00 to 61.98 and total hardness Total Hardness ranges from 72.00 to 425.5 within the study area. The above listed parameters were below various permissible standard value for irrigation except for MAR at LBT/04, Na % at LBT/09, 13 and 14, SAR at 01 and 04 and TH at LBT/04 that were slightly above various permissible standard values. From Gibbs plot it was observed that rock dominance is the major factor that influences groundwater except for few sampling point were precipitation dominance was observed to have influence on groundwater within the study area.

COMPARISONS OF METHODS OF pH DETERMINATION FOR ORGANIC TERRAIN SURVEYS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. STANEK
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Oven Drying ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
A Site

pH values were measured on peat samples taken from a water-logged peatland in Ontario, from April 1970 to April 1971, by 14 procedures: on fresh peat and groundwater, in their natural state; and on combinations of hand-squeezed, air-dried, and oven-dried peat, each rewetted to liquid limit with either distilled H2O, N/100 CaCl2∙2H2O, N/10 KCl, or N/10 CaCl2∙2H2O. Groundwater showed the highest mean pH (4.0), followed by hand-squeezed peat rewetted with distilled H2O (3.8), then fresh peat (3.6). In comparison with fresh peat, air and oven drying lowered the mean pH value by 0.1 and 0.2 units, rewetting with N/100 CaCl2∙2H2O, by 0.4; N/10 KCl, by 0.5; and N/10 CaCl2∙2H2O, by 0.6 units approximately. The coefficients of variation and the confidence limits showed, for practical application, that all methods were equally reliable and that pH determined at any time of the year validly characterized a site.

scholarly journals NILAI pH DAN DETEKSI Salmonella sp. DAGING SAPI DI PASAR TRADISIONAL DAN PASAR MODERN DI WILAYAH SURABAYA TIMUR

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Sheila Marty Yanestria ◽  
Asih Rahayu ◽  
Atina Atina
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Meat Sample ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Cooked Meat

The purpose of this study was to determine the pH value and detection of Salmonella sp beef in traditional markets and modern markets in East Surabaya. This type of observational research with descriptive analysis based on the range of normal pH values ​​of beef and the biochemical properties of Salmonella sp. The samples used consisted of the following: traditional markets with codes A, B, C, D, and E, and modern markets with codes 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Each sample taken from each market consisted of cooked meat. deep or tenderloin with 2 different pieces. Based on the results of the study showed that there was no significant difference in the pH value of beef from traditional markets and modern markets in East Surabaya (P <0.05) and there was 1 positive meat sample for Salmonella sp from traditional markets and 2 meat samples. Positive Salmonella sp which comes from the modern market.

pH changes in dental plaque after using sugar-free pediatric medicine

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mentes
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Free Solution ◽  
Pediatric Medicine ◽  
Ph Changes ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to compare the pH changes in the dental plaque after rinsing with sugared- (sucrose) or sugar-free (saccharine, cyclamate and sorbitol) versions of the same pediatric acetaminophen solution (ekosetol®) up to one hour. Twenty-nine undergraduate dental students (17 girls and 12 boys) collected plaque for 48 hours by abstaining from oral hygiene, during which period they maintained normal dietary habits. Plaque sampling was done in two subsequent days before and 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes after rinsing with both solutions. Measurements of pH were done within one hour using a micro pH electrode and a pH meter. All experiments were finished in 6 days by dividing the group to three. Results showed a significant difference between groups in respect to pH values and pH drops after rinsing. Mean pH values were below 5.70 for one hour in sugared solution, whereas no mean pH value was detected below 5.80 for one hour with the sugar-free solution. Minimum pH values (sugar-free: 5.62±0.36; sugared: 5.00±0.33, p&lt;0.001) and maximum pH drops (sugar-free: -0.57±0.26; sugared: -1.16 ± 0.44, p&lt;0.001) were also significantly different. No difference was found between genders. We concluded that changing of sucrose to non-acidogenic sweeteners was essential to prevent the cariogenic potential of the pediatric medicines.

scholarly journals Ph value of infant’s skin is higher on diaper area compared to nondiaper area

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Wirantari ◽  
Linda Astari ◽  
Iskandar Zulkarnain
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Skin Ph ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Prolonged use of diaper may alter skin barrier function due to exposure to irritants from feces and urine, concurrent mechanical friction and occlusion, thus render the skin prone to inflammation and infection. Measurement of skin pH value may be used to document skin barrier function, especially in tropical countries such as Indonesia, and to expose the difference between diapered and non-diapered skin. The purpose of this study is to compare the pH value between baby’s diapered and non-diapered skin. In this cross-sectional study, the skin pH of 43 healthy babies aged 6 to 12 months were measured using pH-meter on diaper and non-diaper area of the skin. pH values were documented and compared. The mean pH value of diaper area was 6,11 ± 0,72 g/m2/h (95% CI, 4,88 – 8,02) and non-diaper area was 5,91 ± 0,69 g/m2/h (95% CI, 4,53 – 7,69), with significant difference (p=0,005). pH values increased significantly on diaper area compared to nondiaper area, revealing impaired barrier function on diapered skin, despite no pathological skin changes.

scholarly journals Efektivitas mengonsumsi keju Brie terhadap kenaikan pH salivaEffectiveness of consuming Brie cheese on increasing salivary pH

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Celia Lazarus ◽  
Henry Yonatan Mandalas ◽  
Winny Suwindere
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Difference ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Salivary Ph

Pendahuluan: Derajat keasaman (pH) saliva merupakan faktor kunci utama keseimbangan demineralisasi dan remineralisasi gigi. Demineralisasi email terjadi pada keadaan pH <5,5 dan terjadi dalam waktu beberapa menit setelah asupan sukrosa. Saliva memiliki peran signifikan dalam proses meningkatkan pH rongga mulut sehubungan dengan kemampuan buffering, yaitu kandungan bikarbonat yang dapat menetralkan pH sehingga mencegah enamel gigi dari demineralisasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengukur atau menilai peranan keju Brie dalam menaikan pH saliva. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental semu bersifat komparatif. Jumlah subjek penelitian adalah 32 orang yang dibagi menjadi kelompok perlakuan, yaitu mengonsumsi keju Brie dan kelompok kontrol, yaitu tidak mengonsumsi keju Brie. Subjek penelitian diukur nilai pH saliva awal dan akhir menggunakan pH test strip. Hasil: Rerata selisih nilai pH awal dan akhir pada kelompok perlakuan adalah sebesar 0,48 dan pada kelompok kontrol adalah sebesar -0,29. Rerata selisih pH saliva pada kelompok perlakuan, yaitu mengonsumsi keju Brie, lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol, dengan perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,05). Simpulan: Mengonsumsi keju Brie efektif dalam meningkatkan pH saliva.Kata kunci: Efektivitas, keju Brie, pH saliva ABSTRACTIntroduction: Salivary acidity degree (pH) is the main key factor in the balance of tooth demineralisation and remineralisation. Enamel demineralisation occurs at the pH < 5.5 and occurs within minutes after sucrose intake. Saliva has a significant role in the process of pH increase in the oral cavity due to the buffering ability, which is the bicarbonate content which able to neutralise the pH value to prevent tooth enamel demineralisation. The purpose of this study was to measure or assess the effect of Brie cheese consumption in raising the salivary pH. Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental comparative. The number of research subjects was 32 people who were divided into treatment groups which consumed Brie cheese, and the control group which did not consume Brie cheese. Each research subject was measured the initial and final salivary pH values using a pH test strip. Results: The average difference in the initial and final pH values of the treatment group was 0.48, and in the control group was -0.29. The average difference of the salivary pH in the treatment group, which was consuming Brie cheese, was higher than the control group, with a significant difference (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Consuming Brie cheese is effective in increasing the salivary pH.Keywords: Effectiveness, Brie cheese, salivary pH

scholarly journals LABORATORY TRIAL OF PROTEIN DETERMINATION IN URINE USING DIFFERENT PH VALUES OF ACETIC ACID AND ACETATE BUFFER METHOD

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Dinar Rahayu ◽  
Tuti Rustiana
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Protein Determination ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Laboratory Trial ◽  
Acidic Urine

Abstract The determination of protein in urine is important in clinical examination along with other parameters in urine. The presence of protein in urine can be interpreted that there is a disorder in kidney. Acid and heat coagulations method is still widely used in many areas to determine protein in urine. In this method, the characteristic of protein that will precipitate in the presence of acid or if exposed to heat is deployed to gain information about the amount of protein. The greater amount of protein, the more prominence is the coagulation. Urine pH also varies according to the condition, classic acidosis will give an acidic urine and the presence of ammonium producing bacteria can cause basic urine. In this research acetic acid method with 6% of CH3COOH and pH value of 2,9 and buffer acetic with pH 4,5 are used to determine the certain amount of protein (+3 value, corresponds with 2-4 mg/dL protein in urine) in varied pH values of urine samples. To compare the results, first in control urine with pH 6,8 the results of both methods is compared and shows no significant different, then the Kruskall-Wallis test is used to compare the results in other pH values to control and the test is shown also there are no significant difference. This shows that either acetic acid at pH 2,9 or acetic buffer at pH 4,5 can be used to determine protein amount in urine.

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