scholarly journals Chemical Characteristics and Assessment of Groundwater Quality Between Two Geological Group of the Lower Benue Trough ,Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses Oghenenyoreme Eyankware ◽  
Ruth Oghenerukevwe Eyankware Ulkapa ◽  
Obinna Chigoziem Akakuru ◽  
Oghenegare Emmanuel Eyankware
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hydrochemical Studies ◽  
Lower Benue Trough ◽  
Host Rocks ◽  
Field Plots

Hydrochemical studies was carried out within two geological groups of  the Albian to Turonian in age to evaluate factors that influences hydrochemistry of groundwater. To achieve this, 30 groundwater samples were collected. Parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity (Ec), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH) and hydrochemical characteristics (Na2+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3¯, NO3¯, Cl¯, CO23¯ and SO42¯) of groundwater were determined. Findings revealed that pH value for Asu River Group ranges from 5.3 to 7.5, and that of Eze Aku Group ranges from 4.1 to 7.9. It was observed that areas around the mines had low pH value. Analyzed results that was obtained were interpreted using various hydrogeochemical models. Parson plots showed that groundwater within the two geological groups fell within Ca˗Mg˗SO4 and Ca˗Mg˗Cl. Results from End˗member plots revealed that 96 % groundwater samples analyzed were categorize under carbonate weathering, 4 % fell under silicate weathering. Deductions from Gibbs revealed that interactions between groundwater and surrounding host rocks is the major processes responsible for chemical characteristics of groundwater, Diamond field plots further suggested that groundwater from the two geological group were categorized to be high in Ca + Mg & SO4 + Cl, plot of Ca2+/(HCO3¯ + SO42¯) against Na+/Cl¯  revealed that groundwater were considered to be within natural state for the two group. Plot of TDS against TH showed that groundwater was classified to be soft fresh water. The study revealed there was no significant difference between factors that influences groundwater within the two geological group. 

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Groundwater between Geological Groups of Southern Benue Trough, Nigeria Using Modelling Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses Oghenenyoreme Eyankware ◽  
Philip Njoku Obasi ◽  
Christoper Ogwah
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Benue Trough ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Host Rocks ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Modelling Approach

Groundwater studies were carried out between two geological groups to evaluate factors that influences groundwater geochemistry. To achieve this, 30 groundwater samples were collected. Parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity (Ec), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), and hydrochemical characteristics (Na2+, K+ , Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3¯, NO3¯, Cl¯, CO23¯, and SO42¯) of groundwater were determined. Findings revealed that the pH value for Asu River Group ranges from 5.3 to 7.5, and that of Eze Aku Group ranges from 4.1 to 7.9. It was observed that areas around the mines had low pH values. Analyzed results that were obtained were interpreted using various hydrogeochemical models. Parson plots reflected that groundwater within the two geological groups fell within Ca˗Mg˗SO4 and Ca˗Mg˗Cl. Results from End˗member plots showed that 96% of groundwater samples analyzed were categorized under carbonate weathering, 4% fell silicate weathering. Gibbs plots revealed that interactions between groundwater and surrounding host rocks are mostly the main processes responsible for chemical characteristics of groundwater, Diamond field plots suggested that groundwater within the study were categorized to be high in Ca + Mg & SO4 + Cl, the plot of Ca2+/(HCO3¯+SO42¯) against Na+/Cl¯ revealed that groundwater was considered to be within the natural state for the two group. The plot of TDS against TH showed that groundwater is classified as soft freshwater. The study revealed there was no significant difference between factors that influence groundwater within the two geological.

Hydrogeochemical processes in groundwater resources located around abandoned Okpara coal, Enugu SE. Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
C Ogwah ◽  
MO Eyankware
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Field Plots

A detail understanding of the hydrogeochemical characteristics and groundwater quality is indispensable for the sustainable utilization of the groundwater sources. This is in line with sustainable development goal of United Nation. The following parameters were analyzed using APHA, 2012 standard: pH, Ec, total dissolved solid (TDS,) total hardness (TH), magnesium (Mg2+), sulphate (SO4 2¯), chloride (Cl¯), bicarbonate (HCO3¯), carbonate (CO3 2¯), nitrate (NO3¯), potassium (K+), sodium (Na2+)and calcium (Ca2+). Findings revealed that pH value reveals that groundwater is acidic. Bivariate plots showed that groundwater quality is influenced by number of factors. Hydrogeochemical assessment of groundwater samples was based on the following model:End-member, Parson’s and Diamond field plots. Results from these plots revealed that silicate and carbonate weathering are the major factors that control groundwater quality and that groundwater samples were of different water type namely, Ca–Mg–SO4, Ca–Mg–Cl, Na–SO4 water type and high Ca+Mg & SO4+Cl respectively. It was observed that 99 % of groundwater within the study area fell within fresh water category and groundwater is influenced by various factors. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.55(4), 245-252, 2020

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF HYDROGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES IN GROUNDWATER RESOURCES LOCATED AROUND ABANDONED OKPARA COAL MINE, ENUGU SE. NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
C. Ogwah ◽  
M. O. Eyankware
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
United Nation

A detail understanding of the hydrogeochemical characteristics and groundwater quality is indispensable for the sustainable utilization of the groundwater sources. This is in line with Sustainable development goal of United Nation. The following parameters were analyzed using APHA, 2012 standard: pH, Ec, total dissolved solid (TDS,) total hardness (TH), magnesium (Mg2+), sulphate (SO42¯), chloride (Cl¯), bicarbonate (HCO3¯), carbonate (CO32¯), nitrate ( NO3¯), potassium (K+), sodium (Na2+) and calcium (Ca2+). Findings revealed that pH value reveals that groundwater is acidic. Bivariate plots showed that groundwater quality is influenced by number of factors. Hydrogeochemical assessment of groundwater samples was based on the following model: End-member, Parson’s and Diamond field plots. Results from these plots revealed that that silicate and carbonate weathering are that major factor that control groundwater quality, and that groundwater samples were of different water type namely; Ca–Mg–SO4, Ca–Mg–Cl, Na–SO4 water type and high Ca + Mg & SO4 + Cl respectively. It was observed that 99 % of groundwater within the study area fell within fresh water category and groundwater is influenced by various factors such as weathering.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK FISIK DAN KIMIA SUSU KAMBING PERAH PERANAKAN ETTAWA YANG DIBERI KONSENTRAT FERMENTASI (Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Ettawa Cross Breed Goat Milk Which Was Given Fermented Concentrate)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Raden Febrianto Christi ◽  
Ana Rochana
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstrak Karakteristik fisik dan kimia susu sangat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor internal maupun eksternal diantaranya genetik, umur, bangsa, manajemen, dan pakan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Produksi Ternak Perah Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Padjadjaran dan Kelompok Tani Mekar Harapan, Ujung Berung, Bandung. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas kimia susu yaitu pH, kadar air, bahan kering dan sifat fisik titik beku dan titik didih yang diberi konsentrat fermentasi dalam ransum kambing peranakan ettawa. Materi yang digunakan adalah konsentrat dengan bahan limbah hasil pertanian yang mempunyai kandungan serat dan lemak tinggi, Saccaromyces cereviseae, EM 4 dan 20 ekor kambing peranakan ettawa dengan berbagai periode laktasi 2 dan 3. Metode statistik yang digunakan eksperimental yaitu rancangan acak kelompok penarikan anak contoh (subsampling) dengan 3 perlakuan yaitu R1 = Rumput lapang+100% konsentrat biasa, R2 = Rumput lapang+50% konsentrat biasa +50% konsentrat fermentasi, dan R3= Rumput lapang+100% konsentrat fermentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian rumput lapang yang ditambah konsentrat fermentasi dalam ransum menghasilkan perbedaan yang tidak nyata (P>0,05) terhadap pH, kadar air, bahan kering, dan titik beku susu. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini bahwa pemberian rumput lapang dan konsentrat fermentasi 100% menghasilkan nilai pH 6,83, kadar air 88,46%, bahan kering 11,54%, titik beku -0,5740C, dan titik didih 100,120C. Kata kunci : komposisi susu, kambing peranakan ettawa, konsentrat fermentasi Abstract The chemical characteristics of milk are strongly influenced by several internal and external factors including genetic, age, nation, management, and feed. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Dairy Livestock Production, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University and Mekar Harapan Farmers Group, Ujung Berung, Bandung. The study aimed to determine the chemical quality of milk such as pH, water content, dry matter, freezing point and boiling point which were given fermented concentrates in ettawa cross breed goat rations. The material used was concentrates with agricultural waste materials which have high fiber and fat content, Saccaromyces cereviseae, EM 4 and 20 ettawa cross breed goats with various lactation periods 2 and 3. The statistical methods used were experimental randomized block design (subsampling) with 3 treatments, namely R1 = field grass + 100% ordinary concentrate, R2 = field grass + 50% ordinary concentrate + 50% fermented concentrate, and R3 = field grass + 100% fermented concentrate. The results showed that administration of field grass plus concentrated fermentation in the ration resulted in no significant difference (P> 0.05) to pH, moisture content, dry matter, and freezing of milk. The conclusion in this study was that the provision of field grass and 100% fermented concentrate produced a pH value of 6.83, 88.46% moisture content, 11.54% dry matter, -0.5740C freezing point, and 100.120C boiling point. Keywords : compositon of milk, ettawa cross breed goat, fermented concentrate

scholarly journals Groundwater Quality Analysis of Hard Rock Terrain in Bengaluru North Taluk, Karnataka, India.

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1467-1472
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Hard Rock Terrain ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Groundwater Samples

In the present study analysed Groundwater quality of Hard rock terrain in Bengaluru North, Karnataka, India. For the present study areas affected by industrialization were selected to measure the quality of Groundwater for determining its fitness for domestic use. Bore well samples from each part of the study area were analysed for Physio - chemical variations and quality of groundwater. Comparison of Physio - chemical analysis results with Indian Standard drinking water limits shows that all groundwater samples except few are fit for drinking and irrigation purposes. The average value of pH of five villages is 7.5-8.0 which is within desired limit. However, the pH value is increasing so it may be unfit for the future use. About 50% of Water samples containing chloride in excess of 250mg/l are considered undesirable for drinking purposes which may lead to cardiovascular diseases. The concentration of sulphate for each sample of villages is within desirable limit. Also it is found that 25% of samples containing total hardness more than 300 mg/l which is undesirable. In future there may be threat of decrease in groundwater quality. Public awareness must be created among the citizens about the importance of lakes/tanks and give awareness about importance of quality of Groundwater and surface water.

scholarly journals Use of Modelling Approach in evaluation of Fractured Shale Aquifers for irrigation purpose; a case study of Oju, Lower Benue Trough Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
M. O. Eyankware ◽  
C. Ogwah
Keyword(s):  
Total Hardness ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Benue Trough ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Irrigation Purpose ◽  
Lower Benue Trough ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Modelling Approach

AbstractGroundwater samples were evaluated for irrigation purpose, within selected part of Oju area of Benue State, Nigeria. The study area lies within Asu River Group of the Lower Benue Trough, southern part of Nigeria. Physicochemical parameters were analyzed using APHA, 2012 method. Results from the study showed that pH falls within slightly basic to acidic, with Ec value ranging from 127 to 760 μS/cm, SSP ranges from 1.53 to 43.78, Sodium Percentage ranges from 1.55 to 77.8 %, Kelly Ratio ranges from 0.01 to 0.77, Magnesium Absorption Ratio ranges from 0.00 to 61.98 and total hardness Total Hardness ranges from 72.00 to 425.5 within the study area. The above listed parameters were below various permissible standard value for irrigation except for MAR at LBT/04, Na % at LBT/09, 13 and 14, SAR at 01 and 04 and TH at LBT/04 that were slightly above various permissible standard values. From Gibbs plot it was observed that rock dominance is the major factor that influences groundwater except for few sampling point were precipitation dominance was observed to have influence on groundwater within the study area.

Effect of Mercury on the Survival of Daphnia Magna

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Brković-Popović
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Effect Concentration ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Time Required

The median lethal time (LT) for each concentration of mercury was determined on the basis of mortality curves. Toxicity curves (i.e., the median life-span of Daphniamagna, LT 50, versus the concentration of mercury) for four tested conditions are shown. The experiments were carried out using two diluents of different total hardness (46 and 119 mg/l as CaCO3), at two temperatures (20°C and 25°C). A comparison of the LT 50s of the control organisms with the LT 50s of the test organisms at mercury concentrations of 0.0075 and 0.0050 mg. l-1 showed that the chemical characteristics and temperatures of the mediums tested did not affect the range of the ‘no effect' concentration. However, the incipient LC 50, and the time required for its appearance, did depend on the combination of the abiotic factors tested.

scholarly journals Some indicators of water quality of the Tamis river

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Babovic ◽  
Dejan Markovic ◽  
Vojkan Dimitrijevic ◽  
Dragan Markovic
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical

This paper shows the results obtained in field analysis performed at the Tamis River, starting from the settlement Jasa Tomic - border between Serbia and Romania to Pancevo - confluence of Tamis into the Danube. The Tamis is a 359 km long river rising in the southern Carpathian Mountains. It flows through the Banat region and flows into the Danube near Pancevo. During the years the water quality of the river has severely deteriorated and badly affected the environment and the river ecosystem. In situ measurements enabled determination of physico-chemical parameters of water quality of the Tamis River on every 400 m of the watercourse, such as: water temperature, pH value, electrical conductivity, contents of dissolved oxygen and oxygen saturation. The main reason of higher pollution of Tamis is seen in connection to DTD hydro system. Sampling was performed at 7 points with regard to color, turbidity, total hardness, alkalinity, concentration of ammonium nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, iron, chlorides and sulphates in samples. The aim of the present work was to evaluate water quality in the Tamis River taking into account significant pollution, which originates from settlements, industry and agriculture, and to suggest appropriate preventive measures to further pollution decreasing of the river's water.

scholarly journals An Assessment of the Quality of Groundwater in a Textile Dyeing Industrial Area in Erode City, Tamilnadu, India

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1033-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Palanisamy ◽  
S. K. Kavitha
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Textile Dyeing ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Standard Values

Groundwater samples were collected in Erode city, Tamilnadu, from an area having large number of textile dyeing units. Though people residing in this area use river water supplied by local bodies as their major source for drinking, groundwater is also used as complementary source. The samples collected were subjected to systematic analysis using the standard methods and procedures. The values obtained for different physicochemical parameters were compared with the standard values given by ISI/ WHO. Variations in many physicochemical parameters were observed for most of the samples when compared to the standard values. More than half of the samples collected had their EC, TDS, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, sulphate and chloride exceeding their acceptable limits. This attempt has been made to determine the quality of groundwater in the study area confirms the deterioration of groundwater quality in the area and calls for some effective measures to be taken urgently to minimize the adverse impacts that may occur due to the contamination of groundwater.

scholarly journals Heterotrophic Bacteria Play an Important Role in Endemism of Cephalostachyum pingbianense (Hsueh & Y.M. Yang ex Yi et al.) D.Z. Li & H.Q. Yang, 2007, a Full-Year Shooting Woody Bamboo

Forests ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Tize Xia ◽  
Lushuang Li ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Peitong Dou ◽  
Hanqi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Soil Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Woody Bamboos ◽  
Soil Bacterial

The previous studies show soil microbes play a key role in the material and nutrient cycles in the forest ecosystem, but little is known about how soil microbes respond to plant distribution, especially in the soil bacterial community in woody bamboo forests. Cephalostachyum pingbianense (Hsueh & Y.M. Yang ex Yi et al.) D.Z. Li & H.Q. Yang, 2007 is known as the only bamboo species producing shoots all year round in natural conditions. Endemic to the Dawei mountain in Yunnan of China, this species is a good case to study how soil bacteria respond to plant endemic distribution. In this work, we assayed the soil chemical properties, enzyme activity, changes in the bacterial community along the distribution range of the C. pingbianense forest. The results showed that soil nutrients at the range edge were nitrogen-rich but phosphorus-deficient, and soil pH value and soil urease activity were significantly lower than that of the central range. No significant difference was detected in soil bacterial diversity, community composition, and function between the central and marginal range of C. pingbianense forest. Notably, the relative abundance of heterotrophy bacteria, such as Variibacter and Acidothermus, in the soil of the C. pingbianense forest was significantly higher than that of the outside range, which may lead to a higher soil organic carbon mineralization rate. These results imply that abundant heterotrophy bacteria were linked to the endemism and full-year shooting in C. pingbianense. Our study is amongst the first cases demonstrating the important role of heterotrophy bacteria in the distribution formation of endemic woody bamboos in special soil habitats, and provides insight into germplasm conservation and forest management in woody bamboos.

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