scholarly journals Implication of Household’s Income Composition on Infrastructure Maintenance in Residential Core of Akure, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Owoeye J. O. ◽  
R. O. Olasemojo
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Acquisition Training ◽  
Income Generation ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Research Population ◽  
Infrastructure Maintenance ◽  
Collaborative Efforts

This study examines the implication of household income composition on infrastructure maintenance in the residential core of Akure, Nigeria with a view to providing suggestive recommendations that will remedy identified problems in the research locale. With regards to this, an estimated of 1% research population were served questionnaire, amounting to 425, using systematic random sampling technique with replacement. Findings revealed that residents in the study area are low income earners with larger population influenced by market proximity, low prices of staple food items and affordable but tumbledown housing. Likewise, essential facilities are in poor state owing to poor maintenance. Besides, household income induced variables considered in the study, which accounted for 75.6% of the challenges limiting routine facilities maintenance in the study area. The study recommends skill acquisition training, resource collaborative efforts and soft loans scheme to boost the income generation of residents in this locale.

Contribution of Nontimber Forest Products to Rural Household Income in the Kassena-Nankana West District of Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-227
Author(s):  
William Agia Adongo ◽  
Collins Kwabena Osei ◽  
Camillus Abawiera Wongnaa
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Nontimber Forest Products ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Poor Households

Abstract The contribution of income from nontimber forest products (NTFPs) to rural livelihoods and household income has received global recognition. However, there are growing concerns of overexploitation of NTFPs driven by poverty and policy neglect that threaten the sustainability of the NTFP resource base in Kassena-Nankana West District (KNWD) of Ghana. The study investigated the contribution of income from NTFPs to household income and socioeconomic factors that influence the collection and marketing of NTFPs in KNWD. Using a multistage sampling technique, quantitative data were collected from 375 households through structured survey questionnaires. Qualitative data were gathered through focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and field observations. Results showed that income from NTFPs forms a significant part of household income with a contribution of 32.69 percent to household income. Regression analysis revealed sex of respondent (P = 0.057), household size (P = 0.046), agricultural land size (P = 0.000), NTFP retailers (P = 0.000), NTFP wholesalers (P = 0.000), and value-added NTFPs (P = 0.000) as significantly and positively correlated with income from NTFPs. Results further indicated that poor households depend primarily on NTFPs in order to achieve their subsistence and income needs compared to high-income households. This research recommends that stakeholders and policymakers consider the needs of forest-dependent communities in policy analysis on NTFP conservation measures. Also, the role of households, especially the low income (poor), in the management of forest resources should be spelled out since they depend primarily on NTFPs to meet their subsistence and income needs.

scholarly journals A Quest for Livelihood Sustainability? Patterns, Motives and Determinants of Non-Farm Income Diversification among Agricultural Households in Punjab, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9084
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amjed Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
Azhar Abbas ◽  
Muhammad Sohail Amjad Makhdum ◽  
Rakhshanda Kousar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Income Generation ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
Agricultural Households

Many farmers worldwide resort to choosing various income-earning options for diversifying their income sources as a means of risk-avoidance, social protection, and, above all, to finance agricultural operations. Non-farm income generation among farm families has become an imperative part of livelihood earning strategies in recent years amid fast-evolving climatic and sociodemographic changes. In this regard, this study seeks to identify the patterns and socioeconomic factors responsible for the uptake of various non-farm income diversification sources among agricultural households in southern Punjab, Pakistan. For this purpose, a total of 290 farm households were sampled using a random sampling technique to collect relevant data through structured questionnaires. Results show that approximately 79% of the surveyed farmers were involved in non-farm income generation activities, whereas, the income from these sources accounts for about 15% of total household income. The majority of the respondents offered labour for off-farm work followed by self-employment ventures. The major reason to pursue non-farm work includes low income from agriculture, mitigating risks associated with farming, and acquiring funds to finance farming operations, along with the desire to increase family income. A range of socioeconomic and infrastructure-related variables are associated with the decision to participate in specific off-farm activity, such as age, education, family size, farm income, dependency burden, farming experience, and distance to the main city. Results imply the provision of technical support to increase livelihood from farming operations to ensure food security and curb rural-urban migration. However, vocational training can enhance the rural inhabitants’ skillset to diversify on the farm through agribusiness development within rural areas, enabling them to employ local people instead of populating urban centres.

PENGUNGKAPAN MANAJEMEN RISIKO DITINJAU DARI UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, KEPEMILIKAN MANAJERIAL, PROFITABILITAS DAN LEVERAGE (Studi pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Tercatat di BEI Tahun 2016-2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hendro Leksmono
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Managerial Ownership ◽  
Company Size ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Research Population ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Management Disclosures

Research purposes were determined the effect of company size, management ownership, profitability, and leverage on risk management disclosures in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2016-2018. The research type is a quantitative descriptive. The research population is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2016-2018. Determination of the sample used purposive sampling technique. The data collection method used the documentation method. The data analysis technique used statistical analysis, namely multiple linear test, F test, and t test. The results how that 1) company size has a positive and significant effect on the risk management disclosure of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2018; 2) managerial ownership has no significant effect on the risk management disclosure of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2016-2018; 3) profitability has no significant effect on the risk management disclosure of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2018; 4) Laverage has a significant effect on the risk management disclosure of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2016-2018; and 5) Company size, managerial ownership, profitability, and leverage simultaneously have a significant effect on the risk management disclosure of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2018. Keywords: company size, managerial ownership, profitability, leverage, risk management disclosure.

Exploring the Application, Dimensionality and Factor Structure of Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale among Local Government Employees in Lagos, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariha Azalea
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Public Organization ◽  
Government Employees ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Behavior Scale ◽  
Reliable Scale

Previous studies have observed a paradigm shift in the debate concerning the dimensionality of organizational citizenship behavior. Building on organizational citizenship behavior literature, the present study in intends to validate the dimensionality of the organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) scale developed by Smith et al., (1983) who proposed a 2 dimensional16-item instrument. Data was collected through a survey questionnaire using systematic random sampling technique to employees of local government in Lagos State, Nigeria. A total of 400 questionnaires were administered and 393 valid responses were obtained over a period of 4-weeks. Factor analysis and reliability analysis were conducted to confirm that the instrument is valid within the context of local government employees. The implication of this current study is that OCB scale developed by smith et al., (1983) has revealed two-dimensional structures comprising of; altruism and generalized compliance. The instrument was found to be valid and reliable scale for OCB measurement among employees of public organization, particularly Local Government employees in Lagos, Nigeria.

ANALISIS RETURN ON INVESTMENT (ROI) UNTUK MENILAI KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA PT. MITRA INVESTINDO, Tbk.

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Dedy Hardiansyah ◽  
Nurhayati Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Research Population ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

The purpose of this study is to find out how much Return On Investment (ROI) is to assess the financial performance of PT Mitra Investindo, Tbk. This type of quantitative descriptive research uses secondary data. Data collection techniques are documentation and literature study. Research population for 22 years from the start of listing on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 1997-2019. Then a sample of 10 years from 2010-2019 with purposive sampling technique. The data analysis technique used statistical analysis with a one-sample t-test. The results showed that the Return On Investment (ROI) to assess the financial performance of      PT Mitra Investindo, Tbk was in a bad condition because it was less than 30% of the expected.

The Relationship of Learning Entrepreneurship, Enterprise Motivation, And the Family Environment with Enterprise Interest in Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Ida Rochanawati ◽  
Agusti Efi
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Correlation ◽  
Study Program ◽  
The Family ◽  
Data Collection Instrument ◽  
Research Population ◽  
Entrepreneurial Knowledge ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Many of Bunda's Tourism Diploma graduates are still unemployed because some are less interested in becoming self-employed. It because students are not motivated to become entrepreneurs, and the family environment is not yet supported. This study aimed to measure: the relationship between entrepreneurial learning outcomes, entrepreneurial motivation, and family environment with interest in entrepreneurship. This type of research is descriptive correlational. This research population is all students of the Hospitality study program of the Bunda Padang Tourism Academy, batch 2017 and 2018, totaling 61 students. The sample in this study were 61 students using the total sampling technique. The data collection instrument used a questionnaire using a Likert scale and data analysis methods, including simple correlation and multiple correlations. Research is expected to increase students' entrepreneurial knowledge through attitudes, knowledge, and skills to overcome entrepreneurial tasks' complexity, providing real experiences for students to carry out entrepreneurial practices.

ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION AMONG ADOLESCENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-26
Author(s):  
M. Adenna Naik
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
High Achievement ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Made In ◽  
Gender Type ◽  
Type Of Management

An attempt was made in the present investigation is Aim: Achievement motivation among adolescents. Objectives: To study the inuence of gender, type of management and locality on achievement motivation among adolescents. Sample: The sample of the present investigation was selected 200 adolescent's students in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh State of India. The subjects were in the age group from 15 to 18 years and using systematic random sampling technique. Tool: The Pratibha Deo and Asha Mohan (2011) accomplishment motivation scale was used as a tool. Research Design: As there are three independent variables i.e., gender (male & female), type of management (government & private) and locality (rural & urban), each is divided in to two categories, a 2×2×2 factorial design was employed in the present study. Statistical Analysis: Means, SDs and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used. Results: Results revealed signicant impact of gender, type of management and locality with regard to achievement motivation among adolescents. Conclusions: Males have high achievement motivation than females; there is no signicant inuence of type of management on achievement motivation and students of urban areas have high achievement motivation than students of rural areas.

scholarly journals Effects of Riverbed Extraction on Ground Water Resources in the Vicinity of Tinau River, Rupandehi

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khet R Dahal ◽  
Chandra P Poudyal ◽  
Prajwal Adhikari ◽  
Subodh Sharma ◽  
Jitendra Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Income Generation ◽  
Plain Area ◽  
The People ◽  
Tube Wells ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Dug Well

CORRECTION: The correct PDF for this article was loaded on 22/04/2013.The study was carried out in the vicinity of the Tinau river, Rupandehi, Nepal from July 2011 to June 2012. Ten number of shallow tube wells (STWs) of depths 5.18 m to 7.62 m, four shallow tube wells (STWs) of depths 28.96 m to 36.58 m. from Amawa and Farsatikar Village Development Committees and one dug well (DW) from Butwal Municipality were selected for the purpose of this study. The depth of the STWs was different but many STWs were of 6.09 m deep. The DW was of 18.29 m. The information was collected from the owners during field visit of the sites. A standard questionnaire was prepared and asked to the affected persons. The site observation was done in the dry season as well as in the rainy seasons. It was found that the extraction of riverbed materials from the river channel and the flood plain area has adversely affected the aquatic environment of the Tinau river. Massive extraction of the riverbed materials from this river started after the enforcement of local governance act, and regulation 1999. The income generated from the riverbed materials is quite enough. This is one of the major sources of income generation of DDC Rupandehi and the VDCs attached to this river (from Butwal to Bethari). The depth of the river increased due to extraction activities as a result groundwater table lowered. The STWs having depth of 5.18 to 7.62 m stopped discharging water from the aquifer in the dry season. Similarly DW of Butwal municipality having depth of 18.29 m stopped discharging water at dry season. But the STWs of depths from 28.96 m to 36.58 m. located at the same area/site were not affected by the extraction in the Tinau river. The people, who are residing on the bank of the river Tinau, suffered from drinking water problem because they are using the water from STWs. The effect is directly facing the people of low and medium level having low income generation. The extraction activity is going on and the deficit of water availability in STWs and DW is common in the vicinity of the Tinau river especially in the upstream (from Butwal to Paschim Amawa), whereas there is less effects of riverbed extraction for STWs of depths more than 27.43 m in the same sites. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012) 133-140 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7726

scholarly journals Characterization of small-scale fisheries in the Camamu-Almada basin, southeast state of Bahia, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
TCM. Souza ◽  
M. Petrere-Jr
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Income Generation ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Marine Fishery ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Main Factor ◽  
Stock Abundance

In the Camamu-Almada basin, marine fishery is exclusively small-scale, with several structural deficiencies such as boats with low or absent navigational technology, lack of credit and low income. Local fishers complain that shrimp and lobster trawling fishing is the main factor responsible for low stock abundance, but they still persist in these activities as these two species command the highest market prices. So they feel that the target species are already over-fished. We suggest that proper management action, alternative ways of income generation and the payment of job insurance would help to mitigate the problem.

Does Investing in Rail Transit Benefit the Poor? A Comparative Study of Rail and Bus Travel by Low-Income Households in the California Household Travel Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (6) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Ryland Lu
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Bus Rapid Transit ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Travel Survey ◽  
Household Travel Survey ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Household Travel ◽  
Low Income Households

This paper addresses academic discourse that critiques urban rail transit projects for their regressive impacts on the poor and proposes bus funding as a more equitable investment for urban transit agencies. The author analyzed data from the 2012 California Household Travel Survey on transit trips in Los Angeles County. The author cross-tabulated data on the modal breakdown of transit trips by household income category and on the breakdown of household income associated with trips by bus and rail transit modes. The author also comparatively evaluated the speed of trips (as a ratio of miles per hour) taken by rail and by bus by low-income households in the county. The author found convincing evidence that, on average, trips low-income households made by rail transit covered a greater distance per hour than trips taken by bus transit, but that trips made on the county’s bus rapid transit services with dedicated rights-of-way had a higher mean speed than those taken by rail. Moreover, the mode and income cross-tabulations indicate that rail transit projects only partially serve low-income households’ travel needs. To the extent that equitable transit planning entails minimizing the disparities in access, both rail and bus rapid transit projects can advance social justice if they are targeted at corridors where they can serve travel demand by low-income, transit dependent households.

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