scholarly journals Perioperative Organ Injury

2013 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 1474-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten Bartels ◽  
Jörn Karhausen ◽  
Eric T. Clambey ◽  
Almut Grenz ◽  
Holger K. Eltzschig
Keyword(s):  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Organ Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
The Past ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Treatment Concepts ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Despite the fact that a surgical procedure may have been performed for the appropriate indication and in a technically perfect manner, patients are threatened by perioperative organ injury. For example, stroke, myocardial infarction, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury, or acute gut injury are among the most common causes for morbidity and mortality in surgical patients. In the current review, the authors discuss the pathogenesis of perioperative organ injury, and provide select examples for novel treatment concepts that have emerged over the past decade. Indeed, the authors are of the opinion that research to provide mechanistic insight into acute organ injury and identification of novel therapeutic approaches for the prevention or treatment of perioperative organ injury represent the most important opportunity to improve outcomes of anesthesia and surgery.

scholarly journals Poisoning in domestic cats in Brazil: toxicants, clinical signs, and therapeutic approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
M.P.B. Jardim ◽  
L.F. Farias ◽  
G.C. Cid ◽  
H.J.M. Souza
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Organophosphate Poisoning ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Toxic Agents ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Cholinergic Syndrome ◽  
Household Cleaning

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the most common toxic agents affecting domestic cats, the clinical signs of toxicity, and the therapeutic approaches for recovery. A survey on poisoning in cats was conducted among small animal veterinary practitioners from 2017 to 2018. Of the 748 completed questionnaires, 543 (72.6%) were evaluated. Pesticides and household cleaning supplies were the most common causes of poisoning in cats. The toxicant groups included pesticides and household cleaning supplies (organophosphates), human drugs (acetaminophen), plants/plant derivatives (lily), and veterinary drugs (tramadol). The major clinical signs for these four groups of toxicants were (1) acetaminophen poisoning, which caused oxidative erythrocyte damage; (2) muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic syndrome, which resulted from organophosphate poisoning; (3) acute kidney injury, which resulted from intoxication of lily; and (4) serotonin syndrome, which resulted from tramadol toxicosis. Interventions for treating poisoning in cats were based on the clinical presentation of animals. In the present study, the significant toxins identified to be dangerous for cats were characterized using the obtained data in Brazil as well as the main associated clinical signs and therapy recommended by veterinarians.

scholarly journals Paul Ehrlich (1854-1915) and His Contributions to the Foundation and Birth of Translational Medicine

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Valent ◽  
Bernd Groner ◽  
Udo Schumacher ◽  
Giulio Superti-Furga ◽  
Meinrad Busslinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
University Of Vienna ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Profound Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Concepts ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Paul Ehrlich

Translational research and precision medicine are based on a profound knowledge of cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to various physiologic processes and pathologic reactions in diverse organs. Whereas specific molecular interactions and mechanisms have been identified during the past 5 decades, the underlying principles were defined much earlier and originate from to the seminal observations made by outstanding researchers between 1850 and 1915. One of the most outstanding exponents of these scientists is Paul Ehrlich. His work resulted not only in the foundation and birth of modern hematology and immunology, but also led to the development of chemotherapy and specific targeted treatment concepts. In 2015, the Medical University of Vienna organized a memorial meeting, with the aim of honoring Paul Ehrlich's contributions to science, and to commemorate the 100th anniversary of his death. The authors of the current review served as faculty members and dedicate this paper to Paul Ehrlich and his remarkable contributions to medicine.

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of Ferroptosis in Liver Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Chen ◽  
Jun-yao Zhu ◽  
Xin Zang ◽  
Yong-zhen Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Secondary Resistance ◽  
The One ◽  
Insight Into

Ferroptosis is a newly discovered type of cell death mediated by iron-dependent lipid peroxide. The disturbance of iron metabolism, imbalance of the amino acid antioxidant system, and lipid peroxide accumulation are considered distinct fingerprints of ferroptosis. The dysregulation of ferroptosis has been intensively studied in recent years due to its participation in various diseases, including cancer, kidney injury, and neurodegenerative diseases. Notably, increasing evidence indicates that ferroptosis plays different roles in a wide spectrum of liver diseases. On the one hand, inhibiting ferroptosis may counteract the pathophysiological progression of several liver diseases, such as alcoholic liver injury, nonalcoholic steatosis hepatitis and fibrosis. On the other hand, inducing ferroptosis may restrict the emergence of secondary resistance to current medicines, such as sorafenib, for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy. Here, we summarize the biological characteristics and regulatory signalling pathways of ferroptosis involved in liver disease. The current available medical agents targeting ferroptosis, including inducers or inhibitors applied in liver diseases, are also reviewed. This work aims to provide new insight into the emerging role of pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches for liver diseases.

Recovery boiler sootblowers: History and technological advances

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
HONGHI TRAN ◽  
DANNY TANDRA
Keyword(s):  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Computing Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Recovery Boilers ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Recovery Boiler ◽  
Steam Parameters ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Deposit Removal

Sootblowing technology used in recovery boilers originated from that used in coal-fired boilers. It started with manual cleaning with hand lancing and hand blowing, and evolved slowly into online sootblowing using retractable sootblowers. Since 1991, intensive research and development has focused on sootblowing jet fundamentals and deposit removal in recovery boilers. The results have provided much insight into sootblower jet hydrodynamics, how a sootblower jet interacts with tubes and deposits, and factors influencing its deposit removal efficiency, and have led to two important innovations: fully-expanded sootblower nozzles that are used in virtually all recovery boilers today, and the low pressure sootblowing technology that has been implemented in several new recovery boilers. The availability of powerful computing systems, superfast microprocessors and data acquisition systems, and versatile computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling capability in the past two decades has also contributed greatly to the advancement of sootblowing technology. High quality infrared inspection cameras have enabled mills to inspect the deposit buildup conditions in the boiler during operation, and helped identify problems with sootblower lance swinging and superheater platens and boiler bank tube vibrations. As the recovery boiler firing capacity and steam parameters have increased markedly in recent years, sootblowers have become larger and longer, and this can present a challenge in terms of both sootblower design and operation.

An Overview of Nano formulated Nutraceuticals and its therapeutic approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoli De ◽  
Agraharam Gopikrishna ◽  
Vedhantham Keerthana ◽  
Agnishwar Girigoswami ◽  
Koyeli Girigoswami
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Nutraceutical Compounds ◽  
Current Review ◽  
The People ◽  
Lifestyle Diseases ◽  
Herbal Formulations

Background: Economic development and vast changes in food habits have accelerated the consumption of junk foods which are the leading causes of several disorders that turns majority of the people to use various herbal formulations or drugs for preventing various lifestyle diseases. Nutraceuticals are the borderline apparatus between nutrients and drugs that provides supplementation of particular nutrient with favorable health effect. Objective: Various nutraceutical compounds like vitamins, spices, polyphenols, prebiotics and probiotics in the form of powders, tablets, capsules are currently marketed globally. Among them previous literatures have reported that polyphenols are the most promising compounds that have been proven to treat various chronic diseases like cancer, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, dyslipidemia, multiple sclerosis, congenital anomalies, Alzheimer’s disease, etc. It is warranted to discuss about the benefits of nanoformulations of nutraceuticals. Methods: We have searched PubMed using the keywords nutraceuticals, nanoformulations, therapeutic approaches, bionanotechnology, and therapeutics. The relevant papers and classical papers in this field were selected to write this review. Results and Discussion: The different classifications of nutraceuticals were elaborately described in this review. The comparison between the different categories of nutraceuticals with their nanoformulated forms was done explaining the benefits of nanoformulations regarding stability, bioavailability, enhanced antioxidant properties etc. A glimpse on the drawbacks of nanoformulations were also included. Conclusion: The current review highlights an overview of various nanoformulated nutraceuticals and its approach towards the treatment of multiple diseases.

Upcoming Drifts In Bio-Similars

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geeta Aggarwal ◽  
Manju Nagpal ◽  
Ameya Sharma ◽  
Vivek Puri ◽  
Gitika Arora Dhingra
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
The Past ◽  
Biologic Activity ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Regulatory Guidelines ◽  
Food Drug Administration ◽  
Insight Into

Background: Biopharmaceuticals such as Biologic medicinal products have been in clinical use over the past three decades and have benefited towards the therapy of degenerative and critical metabolic diseases. It is forecasted that market of biologics will be going to increase at a rate of 20% per year, and by 2025, more than ˃ 50% of new drug approvals may be biological products. The increasing utilization of the biologics necessitates for cost control, especially for innovators products that have enjoyed a lengthy period of exclusive use. As the first wave of biopharmaceuticals is expired or set to expire, it has led to various opportunities for the expansion of bio-similars i.e. copied versions of original biologics with same biologic activity. Development of biosimilars is expected to promote market competition, meet worldwide demand, sustain the healthcare systems and maintain the incentives for innovation. Methods: Appraisal of published articles from peer reviewed journals, PubMed literature, latest news and guidelines from European Medicine Agency, US Food Drug Administration (FDA) and India are used to identify data for review. Results: Main insight into the quality requirements concerning biologics, current status of regulation of biosimilars and upcoming challenges lying ahead for the upgrading of marketing authorization of bio-similars has been incorporated. Compiled literature on therapeutic status, regulatory guidelines and the emerging trends and opportunities of biosimilars has been thoroughly stated. Conclusion: Updates on biosimilars will support to investigate the possible impact of bio-similars on healthcare market.

scholarly journals Adhesion GPCRs in Glioblastoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Stephan ◽  
Niklas Ravn-Boess ◽  
Dimitris G Placantonakis
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
The Family ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Basic Biology ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Receptor Family

Abstract Members of the adhesion family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have received attention for their roles in health and disease, including cancer. Over the past decade, several members of the family have been implicated in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma. Here, we discuss the basic biology of adhesion GPCRs and review in detail specific members of the receptor family with known functions in glioblastoma. Finally, we discuss the potential use of adhesion GPCRs as novel treatment targets in neuro-oncology.

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