scholarly journals Prevalence and molecular characterization of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli in a tertiary health care facility in Anambra State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-311
Author(s):  
Ifeoma G Nwafuluaku ◽  
Nneka R Agbakoba ◽  
Simon N Ushie ◽  
Eucharia A Dilibe
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Synergy Test

Background: The prevalence of ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli has recently increased worldwide due to the expression of ESBL genes which had led to high rate of multidrug resistance antibiotics. Aim: To determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of E. coli isolates and evaluating the ESBL carriage of these isolates at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Methods: One hundred and two clinical Escherichia coli isolates were recovered from UTI suspects and analyzed for ESBL production at phenotypic and genotypic levels using Modified Double Disc Synergy Test and Polymerase Chain Reaction respectively. Results: Of the 102 isolates, 100(98.04%) were associated with MDR phenotypes. The isolates showed variable resistance to all the antibiotics used in the study. The resistance rates were 99.0%, 97.1%, 88.2%, 82.4%, 81.4%, 65.7%, 54.9%, 46.1%, 46.1%, 23.5% for ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, amoxicillin-clavulanate, gentamycin, cefoxitin, nitrofurantoin and imipenem, and respectively. The prevalence of phenotypic ESBL production was 74.5%. Based on the PCR results, the randomly selected 20 ESBL-positive isolates possessed one or more ESBLs genes. CTX-M type was the predominant ESBLs type (100%), while those for TEM and SHV-types were 85% and 80% respectively. Four genotype patterns were detected (CTX-M, TEM+CTX-M, SHV+CTX-M and SHV+TEM+CTX-M). The genotype SHV+TEM+CTX-M, was the predominant (70%), followed by the genotype TEM +CTX-M combination (15%). The occurrences of the genotypes, CTX-M and SHV+CTX-M were 5% and 10% respectively. Conclusion: This study found a high rate of Phenotypic ESBL production (74.5%) among the isolates with multidrug resistance, CTX-M as the predominant ESBLs type (100%) and combination of SHV+TEM+CTX-M as the predominant genotype (70%).

scholarly journals Microbial and Parasitic Contamination of Fresh Raw Vegetable Samples and Detection of the BlaTEM and BlaCTX-M Genes from E. coli Isolates

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Alina Ghimire ◽  
Jitendra Upadhyaya ◽  
Tulsi Nayaju ◽  
Binod Lekhak ◽  
Dhiraj Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
Vegetable Sample ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Esbl Producers

A total of 100 fresh-raw vegetable samples were collected from the Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur districts of Nepal to evaluate microbial and parasitic contamination, presence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and detect the blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes among the Escherichia coli isolates. This study revealed that the prevalence of Giardia cysts was highest (100%) and Hookworm and Entamoeba coli were lowest (1% each). Coliforms were isolated from every raw vegetable sample. A total of 178 bacterial isolates were isolated among which 57 isolates were identified as E. coli, out of which 33 were Multi-drug resistant (MDR) isolates. The high rate of resistance was found towards amoxicillin/clavulanate, tetracycline and cotrimoxazole. The 10 E. coli isolates tested positive in an ESBL screening, out of which 4 were confirmed as ESBL producers by a combined disc test. Out of these 4 confirmed ESBL E. coli, one was found to carry both the blaTEM gene and blaCTX-M genes by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. One isolate has only the blaTEM gene, while other isolate harboured only blaCTX-M genes.

Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated From Clinical Samples in Illorin Metropolis, Kwara State Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Eze EM
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: This study investigated the prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae in Illorin metropolis using standard methods. The prevalence of ESBLs is increasingly being reported worldwide, and it varies according to geographic location and is directly linked to the use and misuse of antibiotics extended spectrum lactamases (ESBLs) are a major challenge in hospitalized patients worldwide and cause epidemic outbreaks in health care facilities, spreading in the community leading to various infections. Objectives: Screen for the extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae and also determine the prevalence of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae in relation to gender, age and sample source. Methods: One hundred and sixty eight samples collected from routine clinical specimen such as high vagina swabs, urine, urethra swabs and wound swabs and sputum from October to December 2018 were studied. Fifty two enterobacteriaceae were isolated using spread plate method on macConkey and Cystein lactose electrolyte deficient media. The organisms were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp, Shigella sp, and Proteus sp. The isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using modified Kirby-Bauer standardized disc diffusion method. The antibiotics used were ceftazidine (30ug), cefuroxime (30ug), gentamicin (10ug), ciprofloxacin (5ug), ofloxacin 5ug, amoxicillin/clavulanate 30ug, nitrofurantoin 30ug and ampicillin 10ug. Ceftazidime showed a susceptibility percentage of 84.6%,, cefuroxime 61.5%, gentamicin 71.2% ciprofloxacin 46.2%, ofloxacin 51.9%, augmentin 61.5%, nitrofurantoin 71.2% and ampicillin, 44.2% with a significant difference (P< 0.05).Extended spectrum beta-lactamase ESBL, production by clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) methods showed that 15(28.9%) of isolates belonging to the genera Escherichia, Klebsiella and Proteus expressed ESBL production. The order of ESBL production by the isolates were Escherichia coli 9 (17.3%), Klebsiella pneumonia 5(9.3%) and Proteus 1(1.9%). Thus, attention needs to be given by health care personnel’s to ESBL producing organisms in order to reduce the spread.

scholarly journals Detection of CTX-M gene in extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species of different hospitals.

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawshad Muhammad Wahidur Rahman ◽  
Afzalunnessa Binte Lutfor ◽  
Sanya Tahmina Jhora ◽  
Mahmuda Yasmin ◽  
Jalaluddin Ashraful Haq
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Synergy Test ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

A total of 200, non-duplicate ESBL producing strains (171 Escherichia coli and 29 Klebsiella spp.) from three tertiary care hospitals were detected using screening test & double disc synergy test. All isolates were screened for the detection of CTX-M type Extended spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL) using PCR. Among them 133 (66.5%) were positive for CTX-M type ESBLs which include 114 (66.66%) E.coli and 19 (65.51%) Klebsiella spp. This is the first report of identifying CTX-M gene in ESBL producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species of different hospitals.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v4i2.10829 

Molecular Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase Resistance in Escherichia coli from Poultry Droppings in Keffi, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
S. C. Tama ◽  
Y. B. Ngwai ◽  
I. H. Nkene ◽  
R. H. Abimiku
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Synergy Test ◽  
Poultry Droppings

Objectives: The present study reports extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production in E. coli isolates from poultry droppings from selected poultry farms in Keffi, Nigeria. Methods: Seventy-five (75) samples of poultry droppings were collected, and E. coli was isolated using standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and minimum inhibitory concentrations were evaluated as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Phenotypic confirmation of ESBL production by the isolates was carried out using double disc synergy test.  Molecular detection of ESBL genes was carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Results: All (100%) samples had E. coli. Antimicrobial resistance in the isolates were as follows: imipenem (12.0%), gentamicin (20.0%), cefoxitin (37.3%), cefotaxime (41.3%), ceftazidime (44.0%), ciprofloxacin (48.0%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (58.7%), streptomycin (92.0%),  sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (92.0%) and ampicillin (98.7%). Joint resistance to ampicillin, sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim-streptomycin was the commonest resistance phenotype at 10.6%. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) was observed in 97.3% (73/75) of the isolates; and the most common MAR indices were 0.7 (21.9%), 0.5 (17.8%), 0.4 (16.4%), 0.8 (11.1%) and 0.3 (10.9%). Twenty three (46.9%) of the 49 cefotaxime/ceftazidime isolates were confirmed ESBL producers. Twenty-two of the 23 ESBL positive isolates (95.7%) carried the bla genes as follows: 95.5% (21/22) for blaSHV; 68.2% (15/22) for blaTEM; and 50.0% (11/22) for blaCTX-M. Eleven (50%) of the 22 isolates carried two bla genes (blaSHV and blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaCTX-M and blaTEM and blaSHV). Conclusion: The E. coli isolates were less resistant to imipenem, gentamicin and cefoxitin; most isolates were MAR, with resistance to 7 antibiotics being the most predominant. In addition, the blaSHV gene was the most common ESBL gene detected in confirmed ESBL-producing E. coli isolates.

Review of toxicity and trends in the use of tiagabine as reported to US poison centers from 2000 to 2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
HA Spiller ◽  
D Wiles ◽  
JL Russell ◽  
MJ Casavant
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Poison Centers ◽  
National Poison Data System

Background: Tiagabine is a novel antiepileptic that acts by increasing synaptic and extracellular gamma-aminobutyric acid concentrations. Information concerning overdose of tiagabine is limited. After introduction, an increasing number of off-label uses suggested that tiagabine use would increase. However in 2005 and 2008, warnings from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) were issued on the risk of seizures in non-epileptic and increased suicide ideation. We evaluated the temporal trends associated with these two warnings as well as clinical outcomes from tiagabine overdose. Method: A retrospective review of all single substance tiagabine exposures in National Poison Data System (NPDS) from 2000 to 2012. Results: A total of 2147 patients had ingested tiagabine, with a mean of 165 year−1. This was disproportionally distributed, with a steep rise leading up to 2004 (max 559 year−1) and then a significant decline ( p < 0.05) between 2005 and 2006. The number of cases reported to NPDS mirrored the sales of tiagabine. Clinical effects were predominantly neurological, with the most commonly reported effects being drowsiness (27%), agitation (19%), confusion (12%), seizures (11%), and tachycardia (10%). In all, 758 patients (35%) showed a major or moderate medical outcome, with no deaths reported. A disproportionate share of the major outcomes was in the suicide attempt group (73%). The majority of patients (75%) were treated in a health-care facility (HCF). Conclusions: The HCF usage is likely due to high rate of symptomatic patients (59%) and the large proportion of suicide attempt cases. The frequency of tiagabine cases in NPDS mirrored pharmaceutical sales, with steep declines temporally related to the 2005 FDA warning.

scholarly journals Plasmid Profile Analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Wound Infections in a General Hospital in Southern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
F. Z. Uyanga ◽  
I. A. Ibanga
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Open Wound ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase

Background/Purpose: Open wound infection is a serious problem especially with extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing Gram negative bacteria such as P. aeruginosa. The purpose of this research was to identify open wound infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and also determine their plasmid profile. Methods:  A total of 50 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were obtained from clinical wound swabs in a secondary health care facility. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were identified using Microbact 24E system kit. Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing by disc diffusion method. ESBL production was detected using Double Disk Synergy Test (DDST) and CHROMagar ESBL (France). Six different antibiotic discs were used to determine the susceptibility pattern of the isolates. Plasmids were extracted using ZR plasmid Miniprep classic extraction Kit. Electrophoresis of the DNA was carried out on 0.8% w/v agarose gel. Results: The prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 63%. The antibiotic resistance pattern showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa was highly resistant against cefotaxime (90%), ofloxacin (80%), ceftazidime (55%), azetronam (60%), imipenem (25%), amoxicillin clavulanic acid (35%) and amikacin (30%). Plasmid profile was carried out on 20 selected multidrug resistant isolates; those resistant to three or more classes of antibiotics. Plasmid content of the isolates were found to be 90%. All isolates that had plasmid were resistant to cefotaxim, ceftazidime, azetronam, ofloxacin and amikacin. Conclusion: Antibiotic resistance by P. aeruginosa is increasingly high in wound infections and appears to be linked to the presence of plasmid and ESBL enzymes.

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