scholarly journals Assessment of significant metals in effluents, soil, and pond water of tanneries south of capital of Sudan state

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-290
Author(s):  
Mahdi Haroun
Keyword(s):  
Pond Water ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Tannery Effluents ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Water And Soil Samples ◽  
Absorption Photometer ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Concentration Levels

In the present study, impact of tannery effluents and their subsequent on accumulation of some metals (Ca, K, Na, Mg, Cl, S, Cr, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) in water and soil samples in and around South Khartoum industrial area, Khartoum-Sudan were studied. Concentration of metals in tannery effluents (SA), adjacent contaminated pond water (SB), Soil (SC), and uncontaminated water (SD) were assessed by atomic absorption photometer. The results showed high levels of Ca, K, Na, Mg, Cl, S, Cr, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn within the water from all sampling point (SA, SB and SC). The investigation exhibited that tanneries wastewater has high mean concentrations of Cr, Fe, Mn, and Pb in all sampling point of effluent, pond water, soil, and uncontaminated water, except Zn which is high only in soil sampling point (SC). The significant metals accumulation displayed a pattern of mean concentration as follow: Soil > Effluent >contaminated pond water > Un contaminated water. Significant metals toxicity levels within the totally different sampling points were compared with water from WHO. Mean metal concentrations in un contaminated water were among the allowable limit set by WHO except for Magnesium (Mg). The comparison indicated that soil (SC) within the neighboring industrial area accumulated metals, enhanced levels of toxic of metals such as Cr, Ni, Zn and Pb, which also demonstrated higher concentration levels in the adjacent contaminated pond water samples. increased levels of poisonous, that additionally incontestable higher concentration levels within the contaminated pond water.

scholarly journals Copper Contamination of Different Prawn Farms at Shatkhira District

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
ML Ali ◽  
MA Sattar ◽  
MA Baten
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Central Laboratory ◽  
Copper Contamination ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Cu Contamination ◽  
Mean Concentration

Copper (Cu) contamination of six prawn farms under three upazilas of Satkhira district were evaluated. Total 54 water, sediment and prawn samples were collected from six farms, 18 samples from each category were examined to observe the Cu contamination of water, sediment and prawn. Cu was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer at the central laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University and toxicity laboratory of Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Mymensingh. The levels of Cu in water sample, sediment sample and samples of prawn species were collected from different surface and ground sources. The concentration of Cu in sediment samples were ranged from 45.3895 to 127.8771 ?g-1 and the average mean concentration was 76.92101 ?g-1. The concentration of Cu in prawn was ranged from 16.1069 to 97.3841 ?g-1 and the average mean concentration was 51.2342 ?g-1. The copper concentration in water ranged from 0.0309 to 0.0702 ppm. Cu concentrations in those samples were higher in sediment than prawn, but very lower concentration was found in water sample. The Cu in sediment samples were present higher amount than allowable limit. So prawn was mostly affected by contaminated water and sediment.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v4i2.10157  J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 4(2): 105-109, 2011

Detection and Quantification of Biogenic Amines in Fermented Food Products Sold in Botswana

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1703-1708 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLEMENT MAGWAMBA ◽  
MAITSHWARELO IGNATIUS MATSHEKA ◽  
SISAI MPUCHANE ◽  
BERHANU ABEGAZ GASHE
Keyword(s):  
Biogenic Amines ◽  
Biogenic Amine ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Fermented Beverages ◽  
Sour Milk ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Detection And Quantification

The incidence and concentrations associated with four important biogenic amines in leading commercial fermented beverages consumed in Botswana were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. In 87 sorghum brew and 84 sour milk (madila, amasi) samples tested, putrescine was the most prevalent biogenic amine (63 and 61%, respectively), while histamine was the least prevalent (24 and 8%, respectively). Cadaverine was the most frequently detected biogenic amine in 79 of the commercial sour maize beverage (mageu/mahewu) samples tested (found in 70% of the samples), while tyramine was the least detected (occurring in 3% of the samples). In sorghum brew and sour milk, tyramine was found to be the most concentrated (mean concentration of 2.08 mg/100 ml and 3.2 mg/100 ml, respectively), and histamine was found to be the least concentrated (mean concentration of 0.94 mg/100 ml and 0.31 mg/100 ml, respectively). Overall, the biogenic amine concentrations of all three fermented products were within acceptable limits. However, one sorghum brew sample had a histamine content of 5.8 mg/100 ml, which was above the 5.0 mg/100 g allowable limit suggested by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

scholarly journals Removal of Cyanide-Contaminated Water by Vetiver Grasses

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyada Wachirawongsakorn ◽  
Tongsai Jamnongkan ◽  
Mohd Talib Latif
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Vetiver Grass ◽  
Vetiveria Zizanioides ◽  
Concentration Levels

<p>Vetiver grass and it usages have been widely investigated in many researches as the preferred plant species due to its known efficiency, low cost, the ease of availability and spread. This research aimed to use four different vetiver grass (<em>Vetiveria zizanioides</em>) ecotypes to remove cyanide (CN<sup>-</sup>)-contaminated water for improve its quality. Growth capability, tolerance and removal efficiency were evaluated. The results showed that the vetiver grass had a 100% survival rate for one month after planting. Songkhlar3 had the longest leaves, followed by Surat-Thani, Sri Lanka and Monto, respectively. Root lengths of all ecotypes showed no significant differences (p ≤ 0.05). All vetiver grass ecotypes could potentially purify CN<sup>-</sup>-contaminated water at lower concentrations of ≤ 35 mg CN<sup>-</sup>/L. The Monto ecotype had the highest CN<sup>-</sup> removal efficiency at all CN<sup>-</sup> concentration levels, showing 100% CN<sup>-</sup> removal from the 5-45 mg CN<sup>-</sup>/L contaminated water samples within 2-5 weeks growth. The tolerance of vetiver grass to CN<sup>-</sup> was a more important factor than growth rate when selecting a vetiver grass ecotype for CN<sup>-</sup> phytoremediation.</p>

scholarly journals Assessment of the Water Quality Characteristics of Kaduna River Receiving Wastewater Discharges

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
H. Garba ◽  
C. A. Elanu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Concentration Levels

An assessment of the chemical characteristics of industrial and domestic wastewater discharges on seven parameters into Kaduna River on a bimonthly basis was carried out. PH, dissolved oxygen (DO), chloride, nitrite, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and iron were analyzed to determine their concentration levels. From the analysis, the highest mean concentration of the parameters were 8.24 of pH, 7.7 mg/l of DO, 233.4 mg/l of chloride, 55.68 mg/l of COD, 27.95 mg/l of nitrite, 122.22 mg/l of BOD, and 17.05 mg/l of iron. After comparing with prescribed standards, it can be concluded that there is evidence of organic and inorganic accumulation of contaminants into River Kaduna.

scholarly journals Distribution and sources of bioaccumulative air pollutants at Mezquital Valley, Mexico, as reflected by the atmospheric plant <i>Tillandsia recurvata</i> L.

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 6479-6494 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zambrano García ◽  
C. Medina Coyotzin ◽  
A. Rojas Amaro ◽  
D. López Veneroni ◽  
L. Chang Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Crustal Rocks ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Rural Sites ◽  
Mean Concentration

Abstract. Mezquital Valley (MV), a Mexican wastewater-based agricultural and industrial region, is a "hot spot" of regulated air pollutants emissions, but the concurrent unregulated ones, like hazardous metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), remain undocumented. A biomonitoring survey with the epiphytic Tillandsia recurvata was conducted there to detect spatial patterns and potential sources of 20 airborne elements and 15 PAH. The natural δ13C and δ15N ratios of this plant helped in source identification. The regional mean concentration of most elements was two (Cr) to over 40 times (Ni, Pb, V) higher than reported for Tillandsia in other countries. Eleven elements, pyrene and chrysene had 18–214% higher mean concentration at the industrial south than at the agricultural north of MV. The total quantified PAH (mean, 572 ng g−1; range, 143–2568) were composed by medium (65%, phenanthrene to chrysene), low (28%, naphthalene to fluorene) and high molecular weight compounds (7%, Benzo(b)fluoranthene to indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene). The δ13C (mean, −14.6‰; range, −15.7‰ to −13.7‰) was consistently lower than −15‰ near the major petroleum combustion sources. The δ15N (mean, −3.0‰; range, −9.9‰ to 3.3‰) varied from positive at agriculture/industrial areas to negative at rural sites. Factor analysis provided a five-factor solution for 74% of the data variance: 1) crustal rocks, 39.5% (Al, Ba, Cu, Fe, Sr, Ti); 2) soils, 11.3%, contrasting contributions from natural (Mg, Mn, Zn) and saline agriculture soils (Na); 3) cement production and fossil fuel combustion, 9.8% (Ca, Ni, V, chrysene, pyrene); 4) probable agricultural biomass burning, 8.1% (K and benzo(g,h,i)perylene), and 5) agriculture with wastewater, 5.2% (δ15N and P). These results indicated high deposition of bioaccumulative air pollutants at MV, especially at the industrial area. Since T. recurvata reflected the regional differences in exposition, it is recommended as a biomonitor for comparisons within and among countries where it is distributed: southern USA to Argentina.

Experimental Model Techniques for the Investigation of the Dispersion of Chimney Plumes

1975 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Robins
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Wind Tunnels ◽  
Wind Tunnel Experiments ◽  
Buoyant Plumes ◽  
Gas Dispersion ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Stable Atmospheric Boundary Layer ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Concentration Levels

The use of wind tunnels for the study of flue-gas dispersion, the scaling criteria appropriate to the modelling of the motion of buoyant plumes in turbulent boundary layers, and an experimental technique for measuring mean concentration levels are presented and discussed. Two examples of wind-tunnel experiments are used to demonstrate the techniques and to illustrate the implications of the scaling criteria. Both experiments were performed at ***1 300 scale in a simulated neutrally stable atmospheric boundary layer. Finally, the present limitations of wind-tunnel studies are considered and possible future developments are discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of human exposure to parabens in north eastern Poland through hair sample analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Wojtkiewicz ◽  
Manolis Tzatzarakis ◽  
Elena Vakonaki ◽  
Krystyna Makowska ◽  
Slawomir Gonkowski
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Technique ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Spectrometry Technique ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Concentration Levels

AbstractParabens (PBs) are a group of substances commonly used in industry. They also pollute the environment, penetrate into living organisms and adversely affect various internal organs. During this study, the degree of exposure of people living in Olsztyn, a city in north eastern Poland, to selected parabens most often used in industry was studied. The chemicals under investigation included: methyl paraben—MePB, ethyl paraben—EtPB, propyl paraben—PrPB, benzyl paraben BePB and butyl paraben -BuPB. To this aim, hair samples collected from the scalps of 30 volunteers were analyzed using a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry technique. All PBs studied were present in a high percentage of analyzed samples (from 76.7% in the case of BePB to 100% in the case of MePB and PrPB). The mean concentration levels were 4425.3 pg/mg for MeBP, 704.0 pg/mg for EtPB, 825.7 pg/mg for PrPB, 135.2 pg/mg for BePB and 154.5 pg/mg for BuPB. Significant differences in PB concentration levels between particular persons were visible. On the other hand, gender, age and artificial hair coloring did not cause statistically significant differences in PB levels. Obtained results have clearly indicated that people living in north eastern Poland are exposed to various PBs, and therefore these substances may affect their health status. However, the evaluation of PBs influence on human health requires further research.

scholarly journals Distribution and sources of bioaccumulative air pollutants at Mezquital Valley, Mexico, as reflected by the atmospheric plant <i>Tillandsia recurvata</i> L.

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 5809-5852 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zambrano García ◽  
C. Medina Coyotzin ◽  
A. Rojas Amaro ◽  
D. López Veneroni ◽  
L. Chang Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Crustal Rocks ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Rural Sites ◽  
Mean Concentration

Abstract. Mezquital Valley (MV), a Mexican wastewater-based agricultural and industrial region, is a ''hot spot'' of regulated air pollutants emissions, but the concurrent unregulated ones, like hazardous metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), remain undocumented. A biomonitoring survey with the epiphytic Tillandsia recurvata was conducted there to detect spatial patterns and potential sources of 20 airborne elements and 15 PAH. The natural δ13C and δ15N ratios of this plant helped in source identification. The regional mean concentrations of most elements was two (Cr) to over 40 times (Ni, Pb, V) higher than reported for Tillandsia in other countries. Eleven elements, pyrene and chrysene had 18–214% higher mean concentration at the industrial south than at the agricultural north of MV. The total quantified PAH (mean, 572 ng g−1; range, 142.6–2568) were composed by medium (65%, phenanthrene to chrysene), low (28%, naphthalene to fluorene) and high molecular weight compounds (7%, Benzo(b)fluoranthene to indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene). The δ13C (mean, −14.6‰; range, −5.7 to −13.7‰) was lower (<−15‰) near the major petroleum combustion sources. The δ15N (mean, −3.0‰; range, −9.9 to 3.3‰) varied from positive at agriculture/industrial areas to negative at rural sites. Factor analysis provided a five-factor solution for 74% of the data variance: (1) crustal rocks, 39.5% (Al, Ba, Cu, Fe, Sr, Ti); (2) soils, 11.3%, contrasting contributions from natural (Mg, Mn, Zn) and saline agriculture soils (Na); (3) cement production and fossil fuel combustion, 9.8% (Ca, Ni, V, chrysene, pyrene); (4) probable agricultural biomass burning, 8.1% (K and benzo(g,h,i)perylene), and (5) agriculture with wastewater, 5.2% (δ15N and P). These results indicated high deposition of bioaccumulative air pollutants at MV, especially at the industrial area. Since T. recurvata reflected the regional differences in exposition, it is recommended as a biomonitor for comparisons within and among countries where it is distributed: southern USA to Argentina.

scholarly journals Influence of the content of vitamin C in secretion from sows mammary glands on piglet rearing

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (03) ◽  
pp. 6379-2020
Author(s):  
EWA SKRZYPCZAK ◽  
MAREK BABICZ ◽  
GRAŻYNA CZYŻAK-RUNOWSKA ◽  
KAROLINA SZULC ◽  
MAGDALENA SZYNDLER-NĘDZA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Lower Mortality ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Piglet Mortality ◽  
High Level ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Concentration Levels

The aim of the study was to assess the endogenic production of vitamin C contained in the sow’s colostrum and milk and its influence on piglet rearing parameters. The study was conducted on 60 Zlotnicka White sows and 642 piglets from their litters (366 male and 276 female piglets). The sows were in their 3rd, 4th, 6th or 7th lactation. There were 15 sows in each lactation group. The study covered a period of one lactation. The feed of the sows was not supplemented with vitamin C. During the experiment the piglets received only their mothers’ milk. The piglets were weighed on the 1st, 7th and 21st day of life (kg). Their mortality between the 1st and 7th day of life and between the 8th and 21st day of life (%) was recorded. The daily growth (g) was measured on each day when the piglets were weighed. Samples of colostrum and milk were collected manually from all active mammary glands on the 1st, 7th and 21st day of lactation. On each day of the experiment, two samples of about 7 ml were collected from each sow. A total of 360 samples were analysed (60 sows × 3 days × 2 samples). In order to verify the influence of vitamin C on piglet rearing, two concentration levels of vitamin C were distinguished according to its content in colostrum and milk (Tab. 1). The research showed that the content of vitamin C varied during lactation. The highest mean concentration of vitamin C, i.e. 1.14 mg/100 ml, was noted on the 1st day. On the 21st day it decreased to 0.65 mg/100 ml. During 21 days of lactation the content of vitamin C decreased by 43%. Sows in their fourth lactation produced colostrum with the highest content of vitamin C, i.e. 1.29 mg/100 ml. Animals that lactated for the sixth time had the highest content of vitamin C in their milk, i.e. 0.75 and 0.70 mg/100 ml, on the 7th and 21st day, respectively. The daily growth of piglets was greater if the content of vitamin C in colostrum and milk collected during rearing was high (level II). On average, the differences amounted to about 68 g. The higher the content of vitamin C in the secretion from the sows’ mammary glands was, the lower the piglet mortality was. Statistically significant (p ≤ 0.01) relationships were found between daily growth and the content of vitamin C. The higher concentration of vitamin C produced better results in rearing in the form of a faster growth and lower mortality of piglets.

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