scholarly journals STANDARDISASI EKSTRAK ETANOL 96% BULU BABI Echinometra mathaei DARI PERAIRAN BANGKALAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Angelica Kresnamurti ◽  
Farizah Izazi ◽  
Dwi Kurniawati
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Medicinal Preparation ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Echinometra Mathaei

Echinometra mathaei sea urchins are known to contain chemical compounds that can be used to overcome health problems, one of which has antioxidant activity. Some previous studies have explained the benefits of sea urchins but to ensure the quality assurance of sea urchins extracts, efforts should be made to determine the quality standards of sea urchins extract. This study aims to standardize specific parameters and non-specific parameters on Echinometra mathaei sea urchins extract to ensure the quality of 96% ethanol extract. Samples were obtained from Rongkang Beach, Kwanyar District, Bangkalan District, Madura which were then extracted using maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. The results of the study for specific parameters showed that organoleptically and macroscopically the extracts were thick, blackish brown in color and characteristic of sea urchins; levels of dissolved compounds in ethanol of 78.37%; levels of dissolved compounds in water of 93.09%; and chemical content tests showed that the extract contained steroid compounds, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids and terpenoids. Determination of non-specific parameters showed that Echinometra mathaei sea urchin extract had a drying shrinkage of 3.03%; specific gravity of 0.8411 g/mL; water content of 5.32%; Pb heavy metal contamination was 7.28 mg/kg, Cd was <0.0024 mg/kg, Hg was <0.0002 mg / kg, Mg was 347.83 mg / kg; microbial contamination of <10 colonies / mL; and yeast mold contamination of <10 colonies/mL. The conclusion is Echinometra mathaei sea urchin extract has the potential to be developed into a medicinal preparation. Key word: Echinometra mathaei, Specific standardize parameters, non-specific standardize parameters, Extract thanol 96%.

scholarly journals STANDARISASI PARAMETER NON SPESIFIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica L.) DI DUA TEMPAT TUMBUH

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aulia Rahmaniati M ◽  
Maria Ulfah ◽  
Dewi Andini Kunti Mulangsari
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Chemical Content

Pegagan leaf (Centella asiatica L.) is one of the potential medicinal plants that are often used for the treatment of analgesics, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotector. Because of the many benefits of leaf pegagan it is necessary to standardize the extracts to ensure the quality associated with the substance of identity, and the composition of the chemical content whose specifications are contained in the monograph as the quality requirements listed in Materia Medika Indonesia.This research is an experimental research. Samples in this study were obtained from Tawangmangu and Kediri then extract using maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. Standardization of non-specific parameters of ethanol extract of bay leaf includes determination of moisture content, total ash content, acid unsaturated ash content, drying shrinkage, specific gravity and heavy metal contamination (Pb, As and Hg). The data of the research results are compared with the standard that has been set in the book of Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia and the Book of Standardization of Natural Medicinal Material.The result of non-specific test of extract ethanol extract of gotu kola leaf from Tawangmangu obtained by water content 4,689% ± 2,165%, total ash content 3,12% ± 1,76%, acid soluble ash content 0,97% ± 0,87%, weight Type of 1.631 g / mL ± 1.277 g / mL, shrinkage dried 11.26% ± 3.355% and heavy metal contaminants 0.27 ± 0.519 mg / kg extract, As ˂0.005 μg / mL, Hg <0.001 mg / kg extract. While the result of ethanol extract of pegagan leaf from Kediri is moisture content 6,197% ± 2,489%, total ash content 4,42% ± 2,10%, ash acid unsaturated level 0,97% ± 0,98%, weight of type 1,630 g / ML ± 1,275 g / mL, shrinkage rate 3,51% ± 1,873% and heavy metal contamination Pb 0,30 ± 0,547 mg / kg extract, As ˂0,005 μg / mL, Hg 0,001 mg / kg extract. Based on these results both extracts have met the standard of non-specific parameters but the parameter content of acid soluble ash content of ethanol extract of pegagan leaf from both Tawangmangu and Kediri and drying dried from Tawangmangu does not meet the standard requirements of non-specific parameters. Keywords: ethanol extract of gotu kola leaf, non specific parameter, Standardization.

Alkali-Activated EAF Reducing Slag as Binder for Concrete

2013 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 580-587
Author(s):  
Wen Huan Zhong ◽  
Tung Hsuan Lu ◽  
Wei Hsing Huang
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Steel Making ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Alkaline Activator ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Alkali Activated ◽  
Better Than

Electric arc furnace (EAF) reducing slag is the by-product of EAF steel-making. Currently, reducing slag is considered a waste material by the industry in Taiwan. Since the chemical content of reducing slag is similar to blast furnace slag (BFS), it is expected that reducing slag exhibits a similar pozzolanic effect as the BFS. This study used alkaline activator consisting of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide to improve the activity of reductive slag so as to replace Portland cement as binder in concrete. Some BFS was used to blend with the reducing slag to enhance the binding quality of alkali-activated mixes. The results show that a blend of 50% BFS and 50% reducing slag can be activated successively with alkali. Also, the sulfate resistance of concrete made with alkali-activated EAF reducing slag is found to be better than that of concrete made with portland cement, while the drying shrinkage of alkali-activated EAF reducing slag concrete is greater than that of portland cement concrete.

scholarly journals Determination of Quality Parameters and Antioxidant Activity of Cincau Hijau Leaves (Cyclea barbata L.Miers.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Erlindha Gangga ◽  
Rani Purwati ◽  
Yunahara Farida ◽  
Kartiningsih Kartiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Water Soluble Compound ◽  
Dpph Method

Cincau Hijau leaves (Cyclea barbata L.Miers ) has been used empirically as a medicinal plant because it contains many potential compounds such as flavonoids. Cincau Hijau leaves has been known as antioxidant activity. Determination of pharmacognosy parameters and phytochemical screening of dry leaves and extracts have been carried out as well as determination of total fl avonoids content. Fresh leaves were extracts with water and Dry leaves were macerated with 96% ethanol and were then concentrated by rotavapor to obtain viscous extracts. Free radical scavenging activity of the extracts was evaluated using DPPH method. Afterwards, determination of specifi c and non-specifi c parameters were performed. Results of phytochemical screening of powder and 50% and 96% ethanol extract showed that tall the tested samples contained alkaloid, fl avonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids/ triterpenoids, coumarin. The examination of specifi c parameter showed that the extract has a thick consistency, tawny color, bitter taste, characteristic odor. In addition, water-soluble compound and 96% ethanol extract are 46.64 and 62.13% respectively whereas ethanol-soluble compounds are 39.22 and 74.72%, respectively. While the results of nonspecifi c parameters of 50% and 96 % ethanol extract displayed total ash content of 9.69 and 9.49%, respectively, acid insoluble ash content of 0.30 and 0.16%, respectively, content of water soluble ash of 9.17 and 4.30%, respectively, loss on drying of 9.35 and 8.9%, respectively, water content of 8.45 and 7.25%, respectively. Based on heavy metal contamination, Pb concentration in 50 and 96% ethanol extract are 0.0227 and 0.0333 mg/kg, respectively whereas Cd concentration are 0.1206 and 0.0022 mg/kg, respectively and total number of CFU of 4,22 x 103 and 2,30 x 103 colonies/g, respectively while molds and yeasts number of colony of 0,48 x 102 and 8,88 x 102 colonies/g, respectively. Moreover, the total flavonoid was 0,19 %. Result of DPPH inhibition test showed that IC50 96 % ethanol extract are 83,280 ppm and water extracts are 102,01 ppm

scholarly journals Distribution of Sea Urchins in Punta Dumalag, Matina Aplaya, Davao City

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Marnie Grace I. Sonico
Keyword(s):  
Full Article ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Echinometra Mathaei ◽  
Diadema Setosum ◽  
Physicochemical Measurements

This study investigated the distribution and diversity of sea urchins along the intertidal zone of Punta Dumalag, Matina Aplaya, Davao City. A total of 100 quadrats (1m x 1 m) spaced 5 m apart, in 3 transects laid perpendicular to the shoreline, recorded a total of 347 individuals, resolved into 5 species, namely, Echinometra mathaei (rock- boring or common sea urchin), Echinothrix calamaris (Hatpin urchin), Diadema setosum (long-spine or “tuyom”), Prionocidaris verticillata (rough spine urchin), and Diadema savignyi. Among the 347 individuals recorded, Echinometra mathaei was the most abundant in the site with a total of 286 individuals. Shannon-Weiner Diversity Analysis (0.602) suggests low species diversity. Physicochemical measurements such as water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and salinity revealed that the study site is suitable for the culture of sea urchins. Read full article here.

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN POPULASI BULU BABI (Echinometra mathaei) DI PERAIRAN PESISIR KIMA BAJO KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Ruddy D Moningkey
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Shell Diameter ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Echinometra Mathaei ◽  
Line Intercept

Sea urchins of different colors were collected 50 individuals each and measured their morphological characters. The data were then transformed to natural logarithm and analyzed using regression. The comparison of the regression line intercept for the shell diameter-height relationship did not show any difference, but there was a significant difference for the shell lenght-heigth relationship. The comparison between different colors exhibited variations in the shell morphology of each sea urchin population. The growth of black spined-sea urchin (Echinometra mathaei), was negative allometric; the fact that they were mostly found in the narrow crevices might have influenced their growth.

scholarly journals Status of Sea Urchin Resources in the East Coast of Borneo

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Akmar Khadijah Ab Rahim ◽  
Raymie Nurhasan
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
The Status ◽  
Echinometra Mathaei ◽  
Shallow Subtidal ◽  
Study Sites

Sea urchins are marine benthos that live in different habitats available at shallow and deep waters. In Malaysia, Sabah is the only state that exploits sea urchins without knowing the status of natural stocks. This study identified the sea urchin species diversity at shallow subtidal zones in east coast of Borneo which is part of the Coral Triangle. Belt transects were deployed to quantify the species composition and qualitative observations on the habitat types were also noted. Simultaneously, documentation of species available in several wet markets was gathered through impromptu conversation with the sellers. In this study, a total of 10 species of sea urchin were recorded from 18 sampling sites, namely, Phyllacanthus imperialis, Diadema setosum, D. savignyi, Echinothrix calamaris, Mespilia globulus, Salmacis sphaeroides, Echinometra mathaei, Pseudoboletia maculata, Toxopneustes pileolus, and Tripneustes gratilla. The most dominant one that showed a wide distribution was D. setosum. Three species are new records for Malaysia. Among the study sites, Semporna district showed the highest species number. Our findings illustrate that shallow waters on the eastern part of Borneo support high diversity of sea urchin resources. Future study should explore the sea urchin diversity at deeper waters and also on the west coast of Sabah.

scholarly journals UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIHIPERGLIKEMIA EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% Echinometra mathaei PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Angelica Kresnamurti ◽  
Nana Angelica ◽  
Farizah Izazi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Echinometra Mathaei

Abstract : Sea urchin (Echinometra mathaei) contains a compound of Echinochrome A, which is a polyhydroxy naphthoquinone that is known to be potential antioxidant. The antioxidant effect correlated with the antidiabetic activity that associated with oxidative stress conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 70% Ethanol Extract of sea urchin (Echinometra mathaei) on blood glucose levels in alloxan induced rats. This research was an experimental study using 30 male white rats, divided into 6 groups, i.e the negative control group (normal rat were only given CMC Na 0,5%), Positive control group (hyperglycemic rats were only treated with CMC Na 0,5%), metformin group as a refference standard group (hyperglycemic rats that treated with metformin) and the treatment group (hyperglycemic rats were treated with ethanol extract 70% of Echinometra mathaei dose of 100 mg/kgBW, 200 mg/kgBW and 400 mg/kgBW). Alloxan monohidrat 120 mg/KgBW was used as diabetogen agent. The parameters examined in this study were blood glucose levels of rats after 7 days of treatment. The observational data were analyzed using the One Way ANOVA (P < 0.05) and continued with LSD. The results of this study showed that all doses of ethanol extract significantly reduced blood glucose levels in rats compared to the control group. The most effective dose in reducing blood glucose levels and compared to metformin was 400 mg / kgBW. Key word: alloxan induced, Echinometra mathaei, ethanol 70%, hiperglycemia, marine product.

scholarly journals STANDARDISASI EKSTRAK PEGAGAN, CENTELLA ASIATICA SEBAGAI OBAT HERBAL TERSTANDAR HEPATOPROTEKTOR

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
Puspa Dewi N Lotulung ◽  
Sri Handayani ◽  
Teni Ernawati ◽  
Tri Yuliani ◽  
Nina Artanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ash Content

Herbal medicinal products would be affected by the quality of raw materials. In turn, the quality of raw material will also be influenced by various factors such as soil conditions, cultivation, post-harvest processing, and the processing of raw materials into crude drug or extract. Therefore, in order to make good herbal medicines, it is necessary to make standardization of herbal extracts that produced herbal medicines that have the same quality and functions of effectiveness in each process. From preliminary studies that have been done, Centella asiatica is one of the potential plants as a source of hepatoprotective compounds. Test in vivo and in vitro against Centella asiatica extracts have shown very good results. Ethyl acetate extract with 17.5 mg/kg of doses body weight and butanol 228.8 mg/kgof doses body weight has been applied for in vivo test using mice induced by CCl4; theydemonstrated hepatoprotective effects. Ethyl acetate extracts were able to reduce levels of the enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) by 56 % and 44 % respectively while butanol extract can reduce the enzymes AST levels by 3%. Standardizationof Centella asiatica extract performed in this study was the characterization of the extract in the form of non-specific and specific parameters corresponding to the reference of PPOMN (Ministry of health Republic of Indonesia, 2000) such as levels of drying shrinkage, ash content, total plate count microbial contamination, levels of water-soluble compounds, levels of compounds that are soluble in ethanol, phytochemical test, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and the determination of Pb and Cd weight.The results showed that non-specific parameters for the ethanol extract of Centella asiatica were requirements based on Herbal Pharmacopoeia in 2008 which includes parameters such as determination of shrinkage on drying ≤ 10%, ash content ≤ 16.6% and negative microbial contamination. Specific parameters for the ethanol extract of Centella asiatica have met the requirements of Herbal pharmacopeia in 2008.Keywords: Centellaasiatica, hepatoprotective, standardized herbal medicine, specificparameters, and non-specific parameters

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