scholarly journals Case Report: Nicotine Addiction-Adolescence obsession

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Mira Yustika ◽  
Agung Ikhssani
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Nicotine Addiction ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Adolescent Smokers ◽  
Psychological Influences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chronic Relapse

Nicotine dependence is a chronic relapse defined as a compulsive desire to use it, regardless of social consequences, loss of control over intake, and appearance of withdrawal symptoms. Nicotine dependence develops over time as a person continues to use nicotine. The most commonly used tobacco product is cigarettes, but any form of tobacco use and use of e-cigarettes can lead to dependence. Nicotine dependence is a serious public health problem because it causes continued tobacco use, which is one of the leading preventable causes of death worldwide, causing more than 8 million deaths per year. The result of the journal review is that preventing the use of tobacco products among adolescents is critical to ending nicotine addiction worldwide. The impact caused by nicotine tends to be bad, so stopping is the way out. Different levels of influence should be considered in interventions aimed at adolescent smokers, including psychological influences, addictions, peers and parents. This review article contains about the effect of nicotine on adolescents and what strategies can be done to stop the problem.

BDNF and nicotine dependence: associations and potential mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyi Huang ◽  
Daichao Wu ◽  
Xilin Qu ◽  
Meixiang Li ◽  
Ju Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Nicotine Addiction ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Receptor ◽  
Bdnf Expression ◽  
High Affinity Receptor ◽  
The Brain

AbstractSmoking is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide and tobacco addiction has become a serious public health problem. Nicotine is the main addictive component of tobacco, and the majority of people that smoke regularly develop nicotine dependence. Nicotine addiction is deemed to be a chronic mental disorder. Although it is well known that nicotine binds to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and activates the mesolimbic dopaminergic system (MDS) to generate the pleasant and rewarding effects, the molecular mechanisms of nicotine addiction are not fully understood. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most prevalent growth factor in the brain, which regulates neuron survival, differentiation, and synaptic plasticity, mainly through binding to the high affinity receptor tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB). BDNF gene polymorphisms are associated with nicotine dependence and blood BDNF levels are altered in smokers. In this review, we discussed the effects of nicotine on BDNF expression in the brain and summarized the underlying signaling pathways, which further indicated BDNF as a key regulator in nicotine dependence. Further studies that aim to understand the neurobiological mechanism of BDNF in nicotine addcition would provide a valuable reference for quitting smoking and developing the treatment of other addictive substances.

scholarly journals Off- and Online Heterosexual Dating Violence, Perceived Attachment to Parents and Peers and Suicide Risk in Young Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Gracia-Leiva ◽  
Alicia Puente-Martínez ◽  
Silvia Ubillos-Landa ◽  
José Luis González-Castro ◽  
Darío Páez-Rovira
Keyword(s):  
Dating Violence ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Violent Acts ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Dating violence (DV) is a public health problem among young people, especially women. It involves violent acts towards one’s partner and occurs face-to-face (offline) or through the Internet (online). Offline DV is linked to suicidal ideation and attachment to parents and peers. Fewer studies analyze the psychological and social consequences of online DV. This study tests the link between young women’s DV victimization (off- and online), suicide risk (SR), and parent and peer support in a sample of young Spanish females (N = 1227) (Mage=19, SD = 2.82; range = 13–28). Results confirm that compared to non-victims off- and online DV increase suicidal thoughts and attempts. This effect is stronger for victims of both types of DV (thoughts: OR offline DV = 3.11; CI95% 2.06, 4.69; OR online DV = 2.37; CI95% 1.69, 3.32; OR off-online DV = 4.19 CI95% 2.44, 7.17) (attempts: OR offline DV = 4.02; CI95% 1.83, 8.81; OR online DV = 3.69; CI95% 1.96, 7.01; OR off-online DV = 10.55 CI95% 2.56, 44.43). Mediation and moderation models were used to assess the effect of perceived attachment of parents and friends in DV victims and SR. Mediation analyses indicated that perceived attachment and proximity to parents and peers reduces the impact of DV on SR. Moderation analyses showed that a high level of perceived peer attachment reduces the effect of offline DV on SR. Regarding off-online DV, a high level of perceived parent attachment mitigates suicide risk. Loneliness, lack of care from loved ones, and thwarted belongingness increase suicidal thoughts in DV victims. Peers and parents’ proximity may prevent risk behaviors in DV victims.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Use of Tobacco among Higher Secondary Students of Kalimati, Kathmandu

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 381-387
Author(s):  
Mamata Pradhan ◽  
Basanti Pokharel ◽  
Anisha Khadgi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Students ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Strength Of Association

Background: Tobacco product are products made entirely or partly of leaf tobacco as raw material, which are intended to be smoked, sucked, chewed, or snuffed. Tobacco use, among the adolescents is a growing public health problem the world has ever faced. More than 7 million deaths occur from tobacco use every day. Literature has shown that the prevalence of the tobacco uses was high among adolescents. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used.150 respondents were taken as sample size. Probability sampling technique and self- administered questionnaire modified from GYTS, Version 2011 was used as a research instruments. Analysis was done using SPSSversion 16. Findings: The study revealed that maximum 57.3% were male, majority 71.3% were from nuclear family, more than fifty 62.7% respondent's family uses tobacco products and majority75.8% tobacco is used by the respondent’s father. Majority 73.3% uses the hookah, more than half 64% gets tobacco from shop, and almost half 46.7% initiated tobacco product as experiment/curiosity and majority 74.7% uses in café. There is statically association found on frequency of tobacco used by the respondents with sex, residence of the respondent, time spend by the parents and initiated age of the tobacco. Greater strength of association on sex and initiated age of the tobacco use where lower strength of association on residence of the respondents and time spend by family. Conclusion: About 15-20% of each higher secondary school students involve on the use of tobacco products. Gender, living place, time spend by the parents, initiated age of tobacco use, increase café cultural, easy availability and accessibility were the common factors for the use of tobacco among higher secondary students. So buying and selling tobacco products everywhere must be prohibited and adolescents should be restricted to use tobacco products in café or public places. Key words: Tobacco, Higher Secondary Students, Factors.

Tobacco and Marijuana Co-use Behaviors among Cigarillo Users

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 306-317
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L. Albert ◽  
Karen J. Ishler ◽  
Rachel Perovsek ◽  
Erika S. Trapl ◽  
Susan A. Flocke
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Simultaneous Use ◽  
Close Temporal Proximity ◽  
Smoking Marijuana

Objectives: In this study, we examine the frequency of 'simultaneous use' (smoking tobacco in close temporal proximity to smoking marijuana) and substitution (smoking a cigarillo in place of a marijuana blunt – a cigar wrapper filled with marijuana) and their association with nicotine dependence (ND) among young cigarillo users. Methods: The sample consisted of 686 cigarillo and blunt co-users who responded to a cross-sectional, Web-based survey of 14-28-year-olds recruited via social media. We used bivariate analyses and multiple linear regression to examine the association of simultaneous use and substitution with participant demographics, tobacco product use, marijuana use, and ND. Results: Most users reported simultaneous use (72.4%) and substitution (67.9%). Chasing was the most common form of simultaneous use (63%). Simultaneous users were more likely to use tobacco daily and to smoke cigarettes, and reported a lower age of initiation to marijuana and tobacco than non-simultaneous users. The most common reason for substituting (73%) was the lack of availability of marijuana. Both practices were strongly and independently associated with greater ND, adjusting for covariates. Conclusions: Simultaneous use and substitution are common co-use behaviors among cigarillo users, and may play a role in promoting increased tobacco use and nicotine dependence.

scholarly journals Impact of marginalization on tobacco use in individuals diagnosed with head and neck Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Margaret Scott ◽  
Corliss Best ◽  
Kevin Fung ◽  
Michael Gupta ◽  
Doron D. Sommer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Considerable evidence now indicates that individuals living in underprivileged neighbourhoods have higher rates of mortality and morbidity independent of individual-level characteristics. This study explored the impact of geographical marginalization on smoking cessation in a population of individuals with a diagnosis of head and neck cancer. The aims of this study were twofold: (1) assess the prevalence of smoking cessation in those with a previous diagnosis of head and neck cancer, (2) analyze the determinants of smoking alongside area-based measures of socioeconomic status. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. We administered a self-reported nicotine dependence package to participants between the ages of 20–90 with a previous mucosal head and neck cancer diagnosis and with a history of tobacco use. Using the Canadian Marginalization (CAN-Marg) Index tool based on 2006 Canada Census data we compared the degree of marginalization to the smoking status. For those individuals who were currently smoking, nicotine dependence and readiness to quit were assessed. A summative score of marginalization was compared to smoking status of individuals. Results The results from this study indicate that the summative level of marginalization developed from the combined factors of residential instability, material deprivation, ethnic concentration and dependency may be important factors in smoking cessation. Conclusions This analysis of determinants of smoking alongside area-based measures of socioeconomic status may implicate the need for targeted population-based smoking cessation interventions.

scholarly journals Current advances in research in treatment and recovery: Nicotine addiction

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. eaay9763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith J. Prochaska ◽  
Neal L. Benowitz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Nicotine Addiction ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Review Current

The health harms of combusted tobacco use are undeniable. With market and regulatory pressures to reduce the harms of nicotine delivery by combustion, the tobacco product landscape has diversified to include smokeless, heated, and electronic nicotine vaping products. Products of tobacco combustion are the main cause of smoking-induced disease, and nicotine addiction sustains tobacco use. An understanding of the biology and clinical features of nicotine addiction and the conditioning of behavior that occurs via stimuli paired with frequent nicotine dosing, as with a smoked cigarette, is important for informing pharmacologic and behavioral treatment targets. We review current advances in research on nicotine addiction treatment and recovery, with a focus on conventional combustible cigarette use. Our review covers evidence-based methods to treat smoking in adults and policy approaches to prevent nicotine product initiation in youth. In closing, we discuss emerging areas of evidence and consider new directions for advancing the field.

scholarly journals Protocol to assess the impact of tobacco-induced volatile organic compounds on cardiovascular risk in a cross- sectional cohort: Cardiovascular Injury due to Tobacco Use study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e019850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel J Keith ◽  
Jessica L Fetterman ◽  
Daniel W Riggs ◽  
Timothy O’Toole ◽  
Jessica L Nystoriak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Exposure Patterns ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionTobacco use leads to increased mortality, the majority of which is attributed to cardiovascular disease. Despite this knowledge, the early cardiovascular impact of tobacco product use is not well understood. Tobacco use increases exposure to harmful and potentially harmful constituents including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as acrolein and crotonaldehyde, which may contribute to cardiovascular risk. The link between exposure patterns, risk profiles and demographic distribution of tobacco product users, particularly users of new and emerging products, are not well known. Therefore, we designed the Cardiovascular Injury due to Tobacco Use (CITU) study to assess population characteristics, demographic features, exposure patterns and cardiovascular risk in relation to tobacco.Methods and analysisWe present the design and methodology of the CITU study, a cross-sectional observational tobacco study conducted in Boston, Massachusetts and Louisville, Kentucky starting in 2014. Healthy participants 21–45 years of age who use tobacco products, including electronic nicotine devices, or who never used tobacco are being recruited. The study aims to recruit an evenly split cohort of African-Americans and Caucasians, that is, sex balanced for evaluation of self-reported tobacco exposure, VOC exposure and tobacco-induced injury profiling. Detailed information about participant’s demographics, health status and lifestyle is also collected.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved institutional review boards at both participating universities. All study protocols will protect participant confidentiality. Results from the study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences.

scholarly journals Development and validation of behavioral intention measures of an E-vapor product: intention to try, use, dual use, and switch

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey A. McCaffrey ◽  
Jessica Parker Zdinak ◽  
Stephanie Plunkett ◽  
Elizabeth Becker ◽  
Jennifer N. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Validation Sample ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Use Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The harm caused by tobacco use is primarily attributable to cigarette smoking. Switching completely to non-combustible products may reduce disease risks in adult cigarette smokers who are unable or unwilling to quit. Before a new tobacco product can enter the market or can be marketed as a modified risk tobacco product, the manufacturer must determine the impact that the product will have on the likelihood of changes in tobacco use behavior among both tobacco users and nonusers. One way to estimate change in tobacco use behavior is to assess tobacco users’ and nonusers’ behavioral intentions toward the product and its marketing, including intentions to try, use, dual use, and switch to the product from cigarettes. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate behavioral intention metrics appropriate for use with current, former, and never adult tobacco users. Methods Preliminary items were subjected to cognitive testing with adult (1) smokers planning to quit cigarettes in the next 30 days, (2) smokers not planning to quit cigarettes in the next 30 days, (3) e-vapor users, (4) former tobacco users, and (5) never tobacco users. Items were iteratively revised based on feedback during cognitive testing, and surviving items were administered to a large sample of adults (N = 2943) representing the aforementioned sub-groups. Rating scale functioning, reliability, validity, bias, and ability to detect change were evaluated. Results Examination of the response category thresholds generated by the Rasch model provided evidence that the rating scales were functioning appropriately. Results revealed good stability and excellent internal consistency and person reliability and provided evidence of unidimensionality and convergent validity. Estimates of reliability and validity were similar across sub-groups. A cross-validation sample generally confirmed findings from the validation sample. No items were discarded due to differential item function. Exploratory analyses provided support for ability to detect change. Conclusions Results from this rigorous, empirical evaluation using large validation and cross-validation samples provide strong support for the psychometric properties of the Intention to Try, Use, Dual Use, and Switch scales with current, former, and never adult tobacco users.

scholarly journals Tobacco use and nicotine dependence among people living with HIV who drink heavily in South Africa: a cross-sectional baseline study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine O. Egbe ◽  
Mukhethwa Londani ◽  
Charles D. H. Parry ◽  
Bronwyn Myers ◽  
Paul A. Shuper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Relative Risk Ratio ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background People living with HIV (PLWH) who drink alcohol and use tobacco are particularly vulnerable to tobacco-induced diseases due to an already compromised immune system. This study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with tobacco use (cigarette and snuff) among PLWH who drink heavily. Methods Participants (n = 623) on antiretroviral therapy for HIV who reported heavy drinking using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and AUDIT-C were recruited from six hospitals in Gauteng Province, South Africa. The Fagerström test was used to assess nicotine dependence. Chi Square tests and modified Poisson regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with tobacco use. Results Almost half of the participants reported ever smoking (44.0%; CI: 40.1–47.9) and about a quarter reported ever using snuff (25.5%; CI: 22.2–29.1). Current smokers and current snuff users comprised 27.3% (CI: 23.9–30.9) and 19.1% (CI: 16.2–22.3) of all participants respectively. Among current smokers, 37.9% (CI: 30.8–45.3) were moderately/highly dependent on nicotine. Current ‘any tobacco product users’ (ATPU: use cigarettes or snuff) were 45.4% (CI: 41.5–49.3) while 1.0% (CI: 0.4–2.0) currently used cigarettes and snuff. Adjusted regression analyses showed that, compared to males, females were less at risk of being: ever smokers (Relative Risk Ratio [RRR] = 0.33; CI: 0.27–0.41), current smokers (RRR = 0.18; CI: 0.12–0.25), and ATPU (RRR = 0.75; CI: 0.63–0.89) but were more at risk of ever snuff use (RRR = 5.23; CI: 3.31–8.25), or current snuff use (RRR = 26.19; CI: 8.32–82.40) than males. Ever snuff users (RRR = 1.32; CI: 1.03–1.70), current snuff users (RRR = 1.40; CI: 1.03–1.89) and ATPU (RRR = 1.27; CI: 1.07–1.51) were more at risk of reporting significant depressive symptoms. We found no significant associations between smoking status and years on ART and viral load. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of cigarette and snuff use among PLWH who drink heavily. Tobacco use cessation interventions tailored specifically for this population and according to their tobacco product of choice are urgently needed given their vulnerability to ill-health.

scholarly journals Health consequences of domestic violence against women in Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Mijatovic-Jovanovic ◽  
Sonja Cankovic ◽  
Dragana Milijasevic ◽  
Snezana Ukropina ◽  
Mladen Jovanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Risk Behaviors ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exposure To Domestic Violence ◽  
Domestic Violence Against Women ◽  
The Impact

Background/Aim. Domestic violence against women is a significant public health problem resulting in serious health and social consequences, for women and their families. The aim of this study was to analyze the sociodemographic characteristic of women who were exposed to domestic violence, as well as the impact of violence on women's health. Methods. Data from cross-sectional study from the 2013 National Health Survey in Serbia were used analyzing 6,320 women aged 20?75 years. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were implemented to assess the association of exposure to domestic violence against women with sociodemographic characteristics, as well as with selected health indicators and health risk behaviors. Results. Out of total number of examined women, 307 (4.9%) reported that they experienced physical and/or psychological violence in the last 12 months. Divorced or separated women, poor women and women with poor social support had greater odds for exposure to domestic violence. Women who had experienced domestic violence were less likely to perceived their health as good than women who had not experienced domestic violence [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.47; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.32?0.71], and more likely to report severe or very severe pain (AOR = 2.41; 95% CI = 1.74?3.33), stress and pressure exposure (AOR = 2.62; 95% CI = 1.89?3.64) and depression (AOR = 3.24; 95% CI = 2.08?5.03). Exposure to violence was also associated with the use of sleeping pills or sedative (AOR = 2.21; 95% CI = 1.67?2.93), with frequent use of alcohol (AOR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.08?1.86) and abortion (AOR = 3.11; 95% CI = 1.48?6.54). Conclusion. Women, victims of domestic violence are more likely to have physical and mental disorders compared to women who are not victims of domestic violence. Violence prevention demands a multisectoral approach, in which the health sector has a central role that includes early identification and recognition of abuse, appropriate care as well as documenting and reporting violence.

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