Crystal Engineering in the design of New Solid Pharmaceutical Forms with enhanced pharmaceutical properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Javier Ellena
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Biological Target ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties ◽  
And Performance

High-efficiency drugs and pharmaceutical formulations, produced in a sustainable way, and that present a favorable performance are widely required in Public Health. Among the pharmacokinetic properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), the solubility is main variable since it regulate the availability in the biological target. Numerous formulations on the market and in the National Health System (SUS) present serious drawbacks related to quality, manufacture and performance. In general, APIs are delivered in solid formulations and this characteristic represents a challenge for industry and academia since the therapeutic efficiency of and APIs is related to their crystalline structure, i.d structural multiplicity, polymorphism and composition. APIs may exist in different forms presenting different pharmacokinetic profiles. In addition, the characterization of the diversities of solid forms of an IFA, constitutes an innovative strategy to optimize pharmaceutical properties, providing opportunities for the creation of intellectual property and innovation for the country. In this work we will discuss several strategies related to the problem aiming to show the importance in the pharmaceutical area of solid state techniques like crystal engineering.

CO-CRYSTALLIZATION: TECHNIQUE FOR IMPROVEMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL PROPERTIES

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (09) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
S. S Pekamwar ◽  
◽  
D. D. Gadade ◽  
G. K. Kale
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Drug Formulation ◽  
Intrinsic Activity ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties

Physicochemical characteristics of active pharmaceutical compounds, including solubility and flow properties, are crucial in the development of drug formulation. The physical form of compound and formulation has potential effect on biopharmaceutical parameters of the drug. The crystal engineering approach can be employed for modification of physicochemical properties of the active pharmaceutical ingredients whilst maintaining the intrinsic activity of the drug molecule. This article covers the advantages of co-crystals over salts, solvates (hydrates), solid dispersions and polymorphs, mechanism of formation of co-crystals, methods of preparation of co-crystals and application of co-crystals to modify physicochemical characteristics of active pharmaceutical ingredients along with case studies.

scholarly journals Molecular architectures of new inorganic lamivudine salts, an anti-HIV drug.

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C1027-C1027
Author(s):  
Juan Tenorio ◽  
Javier Ellena
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Vibrational Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Pharmaceutical Form ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties ◽  
Crystalline Forms ◽  
Ir And Raman ◽  
Anti Hiv

One of the currently goals of the crystal engineering is the improvement of pharmaceutical properties of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. Herein is discussed the design of new solid forms of the Lamivudine (3TC), one of the most used and marketed anti-HIV drug. The crystalline forms herein presented correspond to inorganic acid salts: Lamivudine hydrobromide (3TCH+-Br-), hydrogen difluoride (3TCH+-F-HF) and nitrate (3TCH+-NO3-). These new salts crystallized in non-centrossymetric space group P21. The halogenated salts (3TCH+-Br-and 3TCH+-F-HF) exhibited isostructural supramolecular assemblies, similar to the anhydrous salt of lamivudine hydrochloride (3TCH+-Cl-) reported by our research group, and whose equilibrium solubility showed an increase when compared with 3TC pharmaceutical form. [1,2] The main feature of the salt crystalline assemblies is related to the supramolecular ordering of the 3TCH+cationic units, by observing the formation of vacancies between them generated in the [100] direction due to the helical symmetry, so, the anions are localized into the interstices of these vacancies, stabilizing the crystalline assemblies. Meanwhile, the 3TCH+NO3-salt showed a different conformational and supramolecular behavior from that observed in the halogenated ones. Here is observed the formation of helical strands along the b axis, which will be engaging by translational symmetry in the horizontal direction in the [10-1] plane. Therefore, they form zigzag molecular planes which will subsequently be architected in parallel with the [10-1] direction. In addition, it was used for this study X-ray powder diffraction (XRDP), vibrational analysis: Infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy, and thermal analysis: differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG) and hot-stage microscopy. Comparison of the structural properties of these salts with some forms already reported (e.g. 3TCH+-Cl-) allows to infer some possible pharmaceutical properties.

General principles of drug therapy in psychiatry

2012 ◽  
pp. 1168-1177
Author(s):  
J. K. Aronson
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Drug Disposition ◽  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Cellular Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties

The successful use of psychotropic drugs demands an understanding of their pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic properties. ♦ Pharmaceutical properties: Pharmaceutical formulations can be manipulated to produce different durations of action, for example the use of oily emulsions of antipsychotic drugs in depot formulations. ♦ Pharmacokinetic properties: Pharmacokinetics is the mathe-matical description of the disposition of drugs in the body by absorption, distribution (to plasma proteins and tissues), and elimination (usually by hepatic metabolism and renal excretion). Differences in drug disposition determine differences in dosage regimens and are important for drug interactions. ♦ Pharmacodynamic properties: Pharmacodynamics is the study of the pharmacological actions of drugs and how actions at the molecular level are translated, via actions at cellular, tissue, and organ levels, into therapeutic or adverse effects. The known pharmacological actions of psychotropic drugs are not necessarily the actions that produce their therapeutic or adverse effects.

scholarly journals Trapping liquid drugs inside crystals

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C984-C984
Author(s):  
Alessia Bacchi ◽  
Davide Capucci ◽  
Paolo Pelagatti
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Active Molecule ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Solid Dosage ◽  
Intellectual Properties

The objective of this work is to embed liquid or volatile pharmaceuticals inside crystalline materials, in order to tune their delivery properties in medicine or agrochemistry, and to explore new regulatory and intellectual properties issues. Liquid or volatile formulations of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are intrinsically less stable and durable than solid forms; in fact most drugs are formulated as solid dosage because they tend to be stable, reproducible, and amenable to purification. Most drugs and agrochemicals are manufactured and distributed as crystalline materials, and their action involves the delivery of the active molecule by a solubilization process either in the body or on the environment. However some important compounds for the human health or for the environment occur as liquids at room temperature. The formation of co-crystals has been demonstrated as a means of tuning solubility properties of solid phases, and therefore it is widely investigated by companies and by solid state scientists especially in the fields of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, pigments, dyestuffs, foods, and explosives. In spite of this extremely high interest towards co-crystallization as a tool to alter solubility, practically no emphasis has been paid to using it as a means to stabilize volatile or labile or low-melting products. In this work we trap and stabilize volatile and liquid APIs and agrochemicals in crystalline matrices by engineering suitable co-crystals. These new materials alter the physic state of the active ingredients allowing to expand the phase space accessible to manufacturing and delivery. We have defined a benchmark of molecules relevant to human health and environment that have been combined with suitable partners according to the well known methods of crystal engineering in order to obtain cocrystals. The first successful results will be discussed; the Figure shows a cocrystal of propofol, a worldwide use anesthetic.

scholarly journals On Performance of Sparse Fast Fourier Transform Algorithms Using the Aliasing Filter

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1117
Author(s):  
Bin Li ◽  
Zhikang Jiang ◽  
Jie Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fast Fourier Transform ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Long Time ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Binary Tree Search ◽  
The One ◽  
Sparse Fast Fourier Transform ◽  
L1 And L2

Computing the sparse fast Fourier transform (sFFT) has emerged as a critical topic for a long time because of its high efficiency and wide practicability. More than twenty different sFFT algorithms compute discrete Fourier transform (DFT) by their unique methods so far. In order to use them properly, the urgent topic of great concern is how to analyze and evaluate the performance of these algorithms in theory and practice. This paper mainly discusses the technology and performance of sFFT algorithms using the aliasing filter. In the first part, the paper introduces the three frameworks: the one-shot framework based on the compressed sensing (CS) solver, the peeling framework based on the bipartite graph and the iterative framework based on the binary tree search. Then, we obtain the conclusion of the performance of six corresponding algorithms: the sFFT-DT1.0, sFFT-DT2.0, sFFT-DT3.0, FFAST, R-FFAST, and DSFFT algorithms in theory. In the second part, we make two categories of experiments for computing the signals of different SNRs, different lengths, and different sparsities by a standard testing platform and record the run time, the percentage of the signal sampled, and the L0, L1, and L2 errors both in the exactly sparse case and the general sparse case. The results of these performance analyses are our guide to optimize these algorithms and use them selectively.

Advances in coupled axial turbine and nonaxisymmetric exhaust volute aerodynamics for turbomachinery

2020 ◽  
pp. 095441002096645
Author(s):  
Jie Gao ◽  
Chunde Tao ◽  
Dongchen Huo ◽  
Guojie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Axial Turbine ◽  
Flow Interactions ◽  
And Performance

Marine, industrial, turboprop and turboshaft gas turbine engines use nonaxisymmetric exhaust volutes for flow diffusion and pressure recovery. These processes result in a three-dimensional complex turbulent flow in the exhaust volute. The flows in the axial turbine and nonaxisymmetric exhaust volute are closely coupled and inherently unsteady, and they have a great influence on the turbine and exhaust aerodynamic characteristics. Therefore, it is very necessary to carry out research on coupled axial turbine and nonaxisymmetric exhaust volute aerodynamics, so as to provide reference for the high-efficiency turbine-volute designs. This paper summarizes and analyzes the recent advances in the field of coupled axial turbine and nonaxisymmetric exhaust volute aerodynamics for turbomachinery. This review covers the following topics that are important for turbine and volute coupled designs: (1) flow and loss characteristics of nonaxisymmetric exhaust volutes, (2) flow interactions between axial turbine and nonaxisymmetric exhaust volute, (3) improvement of turbine and volute performance within spatial limitations and (4) research methods of coupled turbine and exhaust volute aerodynamics. The emphasis is placed on the turbine-volute interactions and performance improvement. We also present our own insights regarding the current research trends and the prospects for future developments.

scholarly journals Encapsulation of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Lipid Micro/Nanoparticles for Oral Administration by Spray-Cooling

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1186
Author(s):  
Carmen S. Favaro-Trindade ◽  
Fernando E. de Matos Junior ◽  
Paula K. Okuro ◽  
João Dias-Ferreira ◽  
Amanda Cano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Spray Cooling ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Taste And Odor ◽  
Cooling Technology ◽  
Simple Technology

Nanoencapsulation via spray cooling (also known as spray chilling and spray congealing) has been used with the aim to improve the functionality, solubility, and protection of drugs; as well as to reduce hygroscopicity; to modify taste and odor to enable oral administration; and many times to achieve a controlled release profile. It is a relatively simple technology, it does not require the use of low-cost solvents (mostly associated to toxicological risk), and it can be applied for lipid raw materials as excipients of oral pharmaceutical formulations. The objective of this work was to revise and discuss the advances of spray cooling technology, with a greater emphasis on the development of lipid micro/nanoparticles to the load of active pharmaceutical ingredients for oral administration.

scholarly journals Salts of Therapeutic Agents: Chemical, Physicochemical, and Biological Considerations

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Gupta ◽  
Deepak Bhatia ◽  
Vivek Dave ◽  
Vijaykumar Sutariya ◽  
Sheeba Varghese Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽  
Salt Form ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Salt Selection ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties ◽  
Salt Forms

The physicochemical and biological properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are greatly affected by their salt forms. The choice of a particular salt formulation is based on numerous factors such as API chemistry, intended dosage form, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. The appropriate salt can improve the overall therapeutic and pharmaceutical effects of an API. However, the incorrect salt form can have the opposite effect, and can be quite detrimental for overall drug development. This review summarizes several criteria for choosing the appropriate salt forms, along with the effects of salt forms on the pharmaceutical properties of APIs. In addition to a comprehensive review of the selection criteria, this review also gives a brief historic perspective of the salt selection processes.

Fabrication, characterizations and performance of a high-efficiency micro-electrolysis filler for isobutyl xanthate (IBX) degradation

2021 ◽  
Vol 403 ◽  
pp. 123640
Author(s):  
Shuzhen Yang ◽  
Huina Sun ◽  
Shengpeng Su ◽  
Guihong Han ◽  
Yanfang Huang
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Pipeline Compressor Redesign With the Consideration of Both Noise and Performance

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri I. Biba ◽  
Zheji Liu ◽  
D. Lee Hill
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Tonal Noise ◽  
Experimental Performance ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
And Performance

A complete effort to redesign the aerodynamic characteristics of a single-stage pipeline compressor is presented. The components addressed are the impeller, diffuser region, and the volute. The innovation of this effort stems from the simultaneous inclusion of both the noise and aerodynamic performance as primary design parameters. The final detailed flange-to-flange analysis of the new components clearly shows that the operating range is extended and the tonal noise driven by the impeller is reduced. This is accomplished without sacrificing the existing high efficiency of the baseline machine. The body of the design effort uses both Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and vibro-acoustics technology. The predictions are anchored by using the flange-to-flange analysis of the original design and its experimental performance data. By calculating delta corrections and assuming that these deltas are approximately the same for the new design, the expected performance is extrapolated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document