scholarly journals Kaji Eksperimen Terhadap Penggunaan Bahan Bakar Emulsi Pada Burner

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Sarjono Sarjono
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Alkyl Benzene ◽  
Laboratory Unit ◽  
Benzene Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Percentage Volume ◽  
Flame Shape

The purpose of this study was to observe the combustion of diesel fuel combined with the percentage volume of water and emulsifier, namely alkyl benzene sulfonic acid (ABS). The emulsion fuel composition used in this experimental study is a mixture of diesel fuel, emulsion and water. The composition of the emulsion fuel is designed according to the percentage of water volume and the emulsifier in diesel fuel with a variation of the percentage of 10%, 20%, and 30%. The parameters observed were combustion flame temperature, combustor annulus wall temperature, hot gas temperature, air fuel ratio (AFR), heat loss, and flame shape from differences in the composition of the percentage volume of emulsion fuel. In this test using Combustion Laboratory Unit C 491. The results showed that the heat absorbed due to cooling (Qa) in the AFR stoichiometry of diesel fuel (diesel) 26.334 kW was smaller than emulsion fuel (30.096 kW), so the use of emulsion fuel on the Burner Combustion Laboratory Unit C 49 is very suitable. The shape of the flame produced by the combustion of emulsion fuel is short, turbulent, and covered in water vapor.

IGNITION CONDITIONS OF A SINGLE BORON PARTICLE IN HOT GAS FLOW

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. V. Ermolaev ◽  
◽  
A. V. Zaitsev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Combustion Models ◽  
Boron Particle ◽  
Boron Particles

The basic experimental studies on boron combustion are done with the same general scheme of the experiment. Boron particles are injected into flat-flame burner products with the help of the transporting jet of cold nitrogen. Boron particle combustion process is registered with a number of optical methods. It is proposed that boron particle is injected into the main hot gas flow instantly, combustion takes place at the flame temperature and predefined oxygen concentration, and the influence of the transporting cold nitrogen jet is ignored. Recent combustion models are based mostly on this type of experiments and characterized with high complexity and low prediction level. In our study, we reconstruct the particle injection conditions for several basic experimental papers. It is shown that in all experimental setups, ignition, combustion, and even total particle burnout take place in the wake of the cold nitrogen jet. This zone is characterized with a much lower gas temperature and oxygen concentration than the main flat burner flow. The total temperature decrease can be about several hundred degrees, oxygen concentration can be 30%-50% lower than that used in the previous analysis of the experimental results. The temperatures of ignition and transition to the second stage of combustion are found with the help of the test particle trajectory and temperature tracking. It is shown that analysis of the influence of boron particles injection on gas temperature and oxygen concentration is mandatory for the development of future combustion models.

Gas Temperature Field Measurement Using Thin-Filament Pyrometry

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanghua Wang ◽  
Carlos Bonilla ◽  
Danielle Kalitan
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Thin Filament ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Band Pass Filter ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Mach Numbers

Thin Filament Pyrometry (TFP) has been proven to be a useful approach to measure hot gas temperature. The TFP technique involves suspending a thin filament (typically a SiC fiber) in hot gas flow path and calculating the gas temperature from the measured thermal radiance of the filament. Comparing to most optical and laser based non-intrusive techniques, the TFP approach offers significant simplicity, reduced cost and relative ease of applicability, especially at high-pressure gas-turbine type conditions. In this study, TFP was employed to measure combustor exit gas temperature distributions in an atmospheric combustion rig simulating a model aero-engine combustor burning Jet-A fuel. Hot gas from the combustor was accelerated through a converging nozzle to achieve high exit velocities. The thermal radiation signal from the glowing fiber was collected by a Near Infrared (NIR) camera outfitted with a band pass filter. The gas temperature profile was calculated by an intensity ratio technique. Two-Dimensional temperature maps were obtained via spatially and temporally scanning the TFP system. Temperature measurements at the combustor exit are reported for various fuel-air ratios at Mach numbers around 0.38. A type-B thermocouple stationed at the centerline of the combustor exit was corrected for radiation effects and used to infer the flame temperature for TFP measurement. The major contributions of the current study to the advancement of the TFP technique for measuring hot gas temperatures are: (1) To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that the TFP technique has been used in a liquid fueled combustion system, and (2) The data presented herein were obtained at greater Mach numbers than all previous studies (Ma = 0.38).

Engine Performance with Diesel-Biodiesel Blends Fuel and Emission Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (5A) ◽  
pp. 779-788
Author(s):  
Marwa N. Kareem ◽  
Adel M. Salih
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Hc Emissions

In this study, the sunflowers oil was utilized as for producing biodiesel via a chemical operation, which is called trans-esterification reaction. Iraqi diesel fuel suffers from high sulfur content, which makes it one of the worst fuels in the world. This study is an attempt to improve the fuel specifications by reducing the sulfur content of the addition of biodiesel fuel to diesel where this fuel is free of sulfur and has a thermal energy that approaches to diesel.20%, 30% and 50% of Biodiesel fuel were added to the conventional diesel. Performance tests and pollutants of a four-stroke single-cylinder diesel engine were performed. The results indicated that the brake thermal efficiency a decreased by (4%, 16%, and 22%) for the B20, B30 and B50, respectively. The increase in specific fuel consumption was (60%, 33%, and 11%) for the B50, B30, and B20 fuels, respectively for the used fuel blends compared to neat diesel fuel. The engine exhaust gas emissions measures manifested a decreased of CO and HC were CO decreased by (13%), (39%) and (52%), and the HC emissions were lower by (6.3%), (32%), and (46%) for B20, B30 and B50 respectively, compared to diesel fuel. The reduction of exhaust gas temperature was (7%), (14%), and (32%) for B20, B30 and B50 respectively. The NOx emission increased with the increase in biodiesel blends ratio. For B50, the raise was (29.5%) in comparison with diesel fuel while for B30 and B20, the raise in the emissions of NOx was (18%) and...

scholarly journals Thermal Performance of Compression Ignition Engine Using High Content Biodiesels: A Comparative Study with Diesel Fuel

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7688
Author(s):  
Asif Afzal ◽  
Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar ◽  
Ali Belhocine ◽  
Mohammed Kareemullah ◽  
Nazia Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Acid Oil ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

In this study, engine performance on thermal factors for different biodiesels has been studied and compared with diesel fuel. Biodiesels were produced from Pongamia pinnata (PP), Calophyllum inophyllum (CI), waste cooking oil (WCO), and acid oil. Depending on their free fatty acid content, they were subjected to the transesterification process to produce biodiesel. The main characterizations of density, calorific range, cloud, pour, flash and fire point followed by the viscosity of obtained biodiesels were conducted and compared with mineral diesel. The characterization results presented benefits near to standard diesel fuel. Then the proposed diesel engine was analyzed using four blends of higher concentrations of B50, B65, B80, and B100 to better substitute fuel for mineral diesel. For each blend, different biodiesels were compared, and the relative best performance of the biodiesel is concluded. This diesel engine was tested in terms of BSFC (brake-specific fuel consumption), BTE (brake thermal efficiency), and EGT (exhaust gas temperature) calculated with the obtained results. The B50 blend of acid oil provided the highest BTE compared to other biodiesels at all loads while B50 blend of WCO provided the lowest BSFC compared to other biodiesels, and B50 blends of all biodiesels provided a minimum % of the increase in EGT compared to diesel.

Firefighter Equipment Operational Environment: Evaluation of Thermal Conditions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Madrzykowski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Gas Velocity ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Fire Environment ◽  
Fire Ground

The goal of this study was to review the available literature to develop a quantitative description of the thermal conditions firefighters and their equipment are exposed to in a structural fire environment. The thermal exposure from the modern fire environment was characterized through the review of fire research studies and fire-ground incidents that provided insight and data to develop a range of quantification. This information was compared with existing standards for firefighting protective equipment to generate a sense of the gap between known information and the need for improved understanding. The comparison of fire conditions with the thermal performance requirements of firefighter protective gear and equipment demonstrates that a fire in a compartment can generate conditions that can fail the equipment that a firefighter wears or uses. The review pointed out the following: 1. The accepted pairing of gas temperature ranges with a corresponding range of heat fluxes does not reflect all compartment fire conditions. There are cases in which the heat flux exceeds the hazard level of the surrounding gas temperature. 2. Thermal conditions can change within seconds. Experimental conditions and incidents were identified in which firefighters would be operating in thermal conditions that were safe for operation based on the temperature and heat flux, but then due to a change in the environment the firefighters would be exposed to conditions that could exceed the protective capabilities of their PPE. 3. Gas velocity is not explicitly considered within the thermal performance requirements. Clothing and equipment tested with a hot air circulating (convection) oven are exposed to gas velocities that measure approximately 1.5 m/s (3 mph). In contrast, the convected hot gas flows within a structure fire could range from 2.3 m/s (5 mph) to 7.0 m/s (15 mph). In cases where the firefighter or equipment would be located in the exhaust portion of a flow path, while operating above the level of the fire, the hot gas velocity could be even higher. This increased hot gas velocity would serve to increase the convective heat transfer rate to the equipment and the firefighter, thereby reducing the safe operating time within the structure. 4. Based on the limited data available, it appears currently available protective clothing enables firefighters to routinely operate in conditions above and beyond the "routine" conditions measured in the fire-ground exposure studies conducted during the 1970s. The fire service and fire standards communities could benefit from an improved understanding of: • real world fire-ground conditions, including temperatures, heat flux, pressure, and chemical exposures; • the impact of convection on the thermal resistance capabilities of firefighting PPE and equipment; and • the benefits of balancing the thermal exposures (thermal performance requirements) across different components of firefighter protective clothing and safety equipment. Because it is unlikely due to trade offs in weight, breathe-ability, usability, cost, etc., that fireproof PPE and equipment will ever be a reality, fire officers and fire chiefs need to consider the capabilities of the protection that their firefighters have when determining fire attack strategies and tactics to ensure that the PPE and equipment is kept within its design operating environment, and that the safety buffer it provides is maintained.

Experimental Study of Natural Gas Fuel Temperature Influence on Radiation Enhancement and Emission

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mohammad Javadi ◽  
Pourya Nikoueeyan ◽  
Mohammad Moghiman ◽  
M. Ebrahim Feyz
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Intensity ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Fuel Temperature ◽  
Flame Radiation ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
No Formation ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

The enhancement of the flame radiation in gas fueled burners not only improves the thermal efficiency, but also can suppress the rate of NO emission due to reducing the flame temperature. In this experimental investigation, the effect of inlet gas temperature on the flame radiation intensity and the rate of NO formation are studied. To serve this aim, with increasing the temperature of inlet methane to the burner up to 310°C, the variations of CO and NO level in exhaust gases and also the exhaust gas temperature are recorded by gas analyzer device. In each case, the flame radiation intensity was also measured by a photovoltaic module. The results revealed that by increasing the inlet gas temperature up to 250°C, the NO concentration and the exhaust gases temperature are raising. But when the inlet gas temperature exceeds from 250°C and reaches to 310°C, the flame luminosity gradually increases which results in 70 percent growth in flame radiation and 10 percent drop in exhaust gas temperature. The results of the preheating of inlet air also show the same behavior.

scholarly journals Chemiluminescence analysis of the effect of butanol-diesel fuel blends on the spray-combustion process in an experimental common rail diesel engine

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1943-1957
Author(s):  
Simona Merola ◽  
Luca Marchitto ◽  
Cinzia Tornatore ◽  
Gerardo Valentino
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Pilot Injection ◽  
Soot Emission ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Working Cycle ◽  
Main Injection

Combustion process was studied from the injection until the late combustion phase in an high swirl optically accessible combustion bowl connected to a single cylinder 2-stroke high pressure common rail compression ignition engine. Commercial diesel and blends of diesel and n-butanol (20%: BU20 and 40%: BU40) were used for the experiments. A pilot plus main injection strategy was investigated fixing the injection pressure and fuel mass injected per stroke. Two main injection timings and different pilot-main dwell times were explored achieving for any strategy a mixing controlled combustion. Advancing the main injection start, an increase in net engine working cycle (>40%) together with a strong smoke number decrease (>80%) and NOx concentration increase (@50%) were measured for all pilot injection timings. Compared to diesel fuel, butanol induced a decrease in soot emission and an increase in net engine working area when butanol ratio increased in the blend. A noticeable increase in NOx was detected at the exhaust for BU40 with a slight effect of the dwell-time. Spectroscopic investigations confirmed the delayed auto-ignition (~60 ms) of the pilot injection for BU40 compared to diesel. The spectral features for the different fuels were comparable at the start of combustion process, but they evolved in different ways. Broadband signal caused by soot emission, was lower for BU40 than diesel. Different balance of the bands at 309 and 282 nm, due to different OH transitions, were detected between the two fuels. The ratio of these intensities was used to follow flame temperature evolution.

scholarly journals Physical Aspects of Deposition From Coal Water Fuels Under Gas Turbine Conditions

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Wenglarz ◽  
Ralph G. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Unburned Carbon ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Stators And Rotors ◽  
Temperature Surface ◽  
Deposition Control

Deposition, erosion, and corrosion (DEC) experiments were conducted using three coal-water fuels (CWF) in a staged subscale turbine combustor operated at conditions of a recuperated turbine. This rich-quench-lean (RQL) combustor appears promising for reducing NOx levels to acceptable levels for future turbines operating with CWF. Specimens were exposed in two test sections to the combustion products from the RQL combustor. The gas and most surface temperatures in the first and second test sections represented temperatures in the first stators and rotors, respectively, of a recuperated turbine. The test results indicate deposition is affected substantially by gas temperature, surface temperature, and unburned carbon due to incomplete combustion. The high rates of deposition observed at first stator conditions showed the need for additional tests to identify CWF coals with lower deposition tendencies and to explore deposition control measures such as hot gas cleanup.

Improvements in premixed charge compression ignition combustion and emissions with lower distillation temperature fuels

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Sakai ◽  
H Takeyama ◽  
H Ogawa ◽  
N Miyamoto
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Cylinder Liner ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Compression Stroke ◽  
Charge Mixture ◽  
Rate Of Heat Release ◽  
Wall Wetting

The charge mixture in a premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) engine with direct in-cylinder injection early in the compression stroke is still heterogeneous even at the compression end. Direct injection of a low-volatility fuel, such as diesel fuel, early in the compression stroke results in adhesion of unevaporated fuel on the cylinder liner wall. It may be possible to improve both mixture formation and homogeneity, and decrease wall wetting by using higher-volatility fuels with distillation temperatures lower than the in-cylinder gas temperature early in the compression stroke. This research addressed the potential for improvements in early direct injection type PCCI combustion with a higher-volatility fuel, experimentally and computationally. A normal heptane + isooctane blended fuel with ignitability similar to diesel fuel in PCCI operation was used as the higher-volatility fuel. The experimental results showed that the deterioration in thermal efficiency that occurs with advanced injection timings with ordinary diesel fuel could be eliminated with the higher-volatility fuel without significantly altering the total hydrocarbons (THC) and CO emissions. With early injection timings, the rate of heat release with diesel fuel is smaller than with higher-volatility fuels. This result suggests that with diesel fuel there is significant fuel adhesion to the cylinder liner wall and also absorption into the lubricating oil.

INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF BIODIESEL-DIESEL FUEL BLENDS ON THE PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF A DIESEL ENGINE

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Shirneshan ◽  
Amin Nedayali
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Power Generator ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Brake Torque ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Brake Power

The growing demand of diesel power generators in Iran has led to air pollution. Hence, it is necessary to ascertain the level of performance and emissions of the diesel power generators fueled with biofuels. For the first time, in this study, the effect of biodiesel from waste cooking oil and diesel fuel blends (B0, B20, B50, B80 and B100) on the performance (brake power, brake torque, BSFC, brake thermal efficiency and exhaust gas temperature) and emission characteristics (CO and NOx) of a diesel power generator model CAT3412 was investigated. The experiments were conducted at rated engine speed 1530 rpm and various engine loads (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). The results of the study showed an increase in brake power, brake torque, BTE and NOx emission and a reduction trend in BSFC and CO emission at higher engine loads for all the biodiesel-diesel blends. In addition, the research results indicated that B20 and B50 fuel blends in terms of performance emission characteristics could be recognized as the potential candidates to be certificated for usage in the diesel power generator.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document