USE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF SENSORS FOR SIZE MEASUREMENT OF SOME AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS (FRUITS) GROWN IN MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1129-1136
Author(s):  
Metin Dagtekin ◽  
Abdullah Beyaz
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Size Measurement ◽  
Different Types

scholarly journals Epidermis structure in Mesembryanthemaceae

Bothalia ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 937-937
Author(s):  
H. -D. Ihlenfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Bladder Cells ◽  
Epidermis Structure

The Mesembryanthemaceae, which inhabit the deserts and semi-deserts of Southern Africa, exhibit two very different types of epidermis. The first is characterized by thick outer cell walls encrusted by oxalate crystals, a thick cuticle and thick wax layers. In the second type, the epidermal cells exhibit only very thin outer cell walls, not encrusted by oxalate crystals, a very thin cuticle, and wax layers are poorly developed; the most prominent feature of this type is the occurrence of huge idioblasts often protruding as ‘bladder cells’. With regard to the climatic conditions in the native habitats this type of epidermis must be called ‘abnormal’. Both types of epidermis may form sculptures of three distinct size classes, which are not necessarily homologous. The function of these sculptures is still poorly understood. There is evidence that the sculptures influence the optical properties of the surfaces and thereby the radiation balance (and heat stress) of the leaves.From recent research, it has become evident that the two different types of epidermis are the anatomical expression of two different strategies for survival under extreme conditions. Species with the idioblast type of epidermis exhibit a strategy that might be called ‘opportunistic’. These species have developed a mechanism of gaining water from the atmosphere during the night under favourable conditions. There are indications that the idioblasts are involved in this mechanism.

scholarly journals Flat Glass or Crystal Dome Aperture? A Year-Long Comparative Analysis of the Performance of Light Pipes in Real Residential Settings and Climatic Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Sibley ◽  
Antonio Peña-García
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Flat Glass ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

This paper presents the first comparative study of its type of the performance of light pipes with different types of apertures: a flat glass versus a bohemian crystal dome. Measurements were taken at 20-minute intervals over a period of one year in the bathrooms of two newly built identical houses of the same orientation located in Manchester, UK. The comparative analysis of the data collected for both light pipes types reveals that the crystal domed aperture consistently outperforms the flat glass one. Furthermore, the difference in the recorded horizontal illuminance is most marked during the winter months and at the end of the one-year experiment, indicating that the crystal dome has better performance for low incident winter light and higher resistance for the long term effect of weathering and pollution. This study provides strong evidence based on long term real measurements. Such evidence informs architects’ decisions when weighing up the aesthetic considerations of a flat glass aperture versus the higher illumination levels afforded by a crystal dome aperture with higher resistance to weathering and pollution.

Commercial Activity of Agricultural Producers

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 913
Author(s):  
I.M. KULIKOV ◽  
I.A. MINAKOV
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Food Markets ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Production Output ◽  
High Level ◽  
Consumer Marketing

The article considers the existing sales system of agricultural products, which does not allow bringing the manufactured products to the consumer promptly and without losses, as well as reveals the features of agricultural production that affect commercial activity, such as dependence of production output on natural and climatic conditions, guaranteed demand, the uneven supply of products to the market, perishable and poorly transportable products, and the concentration of demand in large cities. It is established that the main suppliers of many types of products to the domestic market are agricultural organizations. This is explained by their large production output and a high level of product marketability. The main channel for selling agricultural products is processing enterprises and wholesale trade. It accounts for 77.0% (by wool) to 98.0% (by sugar beet). The sale prices of products vary by distribution channels; this stipulates the different levels of sales profitability. Export is one of the product sales channels; however, it leads to a reduction in the supply of products in the domestic market. The article substantiates the areas for improvement of commercial activity, which include the use of marketing, increasing the competitiveness of products based on improving their quality, creating consumer marketing cooperatives and agro-industrial establishments that combine production, storage, processing, and sale into a single process, participating in fairs, state and regional tenders, using Internet resources, organizing a system of wholesale food markets and logistics centers.

The Use of Fermentation Sludge as a Fertilizer in Agriculture

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Larsen ◽  
F. H. Funch ◽  
H. A. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Cycling Of Nutrients ◽  
Made In

Novo Nordisk is one of the world's largest producers of enzymes, insulin and biopharmaceuticals. This production is based mainly on biotechnology and fermentation processes. The waste from the fermentation process is non-toxic, but due to the high content of nitrogen and phosphorus the waste can cause eutrophication if it is discharged in the marine environment. Novo Nordisk has developed a process in which the fermentation sludge, which constitutes a large part of the waste, is used as an organic fertilizer - NOVOsludge - in agriculture. The total amount of sludge is 500,000 m3/year, corresponding to 800,000 kg of nitrogen and 300,000 kg of phosphorus. Around 10,000 hectares of farmland benefit from this. Since a great proportion of the raw materials used in fermentation are based on agricultural products, this use is an example of re-cycling of nutrients. Investigations of the uptake of the nutrients in different types of crops are made in order to develop still more efficient uses. The system which has been developed has also contributed to new rules for the utilization of organic waste material.

Effect of Different Types of Pore-Forming Agent on the Macro Pore Size of Ceramic

2015 ◽  
Vol 761 ◽  
pp. 380-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurulfazielah Nasir ◽  
Ridhwan Jumaidin ◽  
Mohd Zulkefli Selamat ◽  
Suhaila Salleh ◽  
Kok Tee Lau
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Size Measurement ◽  
Aluminium Powder ◽  
Different Types

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of different types of pore-forming agent and sintering temperature on the pore size of ceramics. The porous ceramic material was developed by mixing of alumina, zeolite and calcium oxide (CaO) as the main materials and ethylene glycol as the binder. Meanwhile, two types of pore-forming agent were used, i.e., yeast and a mixture of aluminium powder and expandable polymeric spheres (EPS). The content of pore-forming agent was at 10 wt% of the mixture and the samples were shaped by using plaster of paris mould. After being dried, the samples were sintered at temperature range of 1000 up to 1500 °C for two hours. Microstructural analysis and pores size measurement were performed to determine the effect of pore-forming agent and sintering temperature on the ceramic. The result showed that yeast yielded larger pore sizes in the porous ceramic upon being sintered at 1400 °C for two hours, which were up to 402 μm. Therefore, yeast has the potential to be utilized as pore-forming agent in development of filter and wall insulation material.

scholarly journals Prioritization of olive breeding objectives in Spain: Analysis of a producers and researchers survey

2021 ◽  
pp. e0701-e0701
Author(s):  
Lorenzo León ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Olive Cultivar ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Breeding Objectives ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Survey Results

Aim of study: Trait prioritization of potential olive (Olea europaea L.) breeding objectives has been evaluated in this work from two surveys to researchers working on olive and olive producers / orchard managers. Area of study: Olive growing area in Andalusia (South of Spain) Material and methods: Twenty-five breeding objectives were associated to plant growth, fructification, oil content and composition, resistance to pest and disease and tolerance to soil and climatic conditions. Two assessment methods were applied (ranking and rating), showing similar results in both the researchers and producers surveys. Main results: Higher productivity was the objective with the highest score, followed by Verticillium wilt resistance and higher oil content. After them, tolerance to water stress and resistance to Xylella fastidiosa were among the preferred objectives. Conversely, the least preferred objectives were late harvesting, high fruit size and tolerance to water lodging and calcareous soils. In the producers’ survey, results have been consistent among the different types of orchards and farmers’ characteristics. It is also interesting to notice that more than 50% of the producers expressed their willingness to orchard enlargement or renewal in the three coming years and 25% of them would change the olive cultivar. They would be willing to pay an average 43% overprice for new cultivar fulfilling their requirements and 75% would support the use of genetic modified olives. Research highlights: These results should be considered to analyze the scope of current breeding programs and define the main criteria to be considered for future works aiming at developing new olive cultivars.

scholarly journals Forecastins the risk of bifenthrin-based insecticides for human health when consuming agricultural products grown after their application

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
S.Т. Omelchuk ◽  
О.P. Vavrinevych ◽  
А.М. Antonenko ◽  
V.G. Bardov
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Stability Parameters ◽  
Integral Assessment

The assessment of the health risks of pesticides is an integral part of their monitoring. The Purpose of the Work was to predict the risk of bifenthrin-based insecticides for human health when consuming agricultural products grown in their application for the public health preservation. Materials and Methods of Research. The bifenthine stability parameters in agricultural crops were studied in the field experiments in soil and climatic conditions of Ukraine. For the integrated assessment of the potential hazard of pesticide exposure to the human body when contaminated agricultural products were used, a methodology developed by specialist of Hygiene and Ecology Institute was used. Allowable daily dose (ADD), half-life period (DT50) and average daily consumption of the product were estimated on a four-graded scale. Results and Discussion. By degree of hazard according to State Standards 8.8.1.002-98 bifenthrin pertains to the 2nd class of hazard (moderately stable) by resistance in vegetative agricultural crops. The active ingredient pertains to the 2nd class of hazard by the value of the integral index of hazard when consuming products — dangerous compound. Conclusion. Integral assessment of the potential risk of bifenthrin exposure to humans using contaminated agricultural products showed that the substance pertains to the 2nd class of hazard (dangerous compounds). The obtained parameter should be taken into account when deciding on bifenthrin-based formulations expansion of the scope.

scholarly journals Vasyl Pastushenko’s Scientific School in the Development of Soil Protection Technologies in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-115
Author(s):  
Nataliia Kovalenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Perennial Legumes

The article describes the achievements of scientists of the leading scientific school of thought on the development of soil protection technologies in Ukraine, founded by Vasyl Onufriievych Pastushenko (1907–1999). The introduction of the years of the scientists’ research in Ukrainian farms with different soil and climatic conditions has resulted in efficient production of quality agricultural products and improvement of environmental conditions, particularly, the improvement of soil protection crop rotations with the cultivation of mixtures of perennial legumes and siderates, anti-erosion cultivation of soil across the slopes, fertilizer and mulching, etc. Among the followers of Vasyl Pastushenko are the well-known scientists P. I. Boiko, V. O. Borodan, V. V. Kulbida, H. K. Medvid, I. H. Predko, I. H. Zakharchenko, and others. The purpose of the article is to review the achievements of these scientists in the development of soil protection, anti-erosion measures in different soil and climatic conditions in Ukraine.

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