scholarly journals Larvicidal Effectiveness of Azolla pinnata against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) with Its Effects on Larval Morphology and Visualization of Behavioural Response

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Shaida Husna Zulkrnin ◽  
Nurul Nadiah Rozhan ◽  
Nur Amanina Zulkfili ◽  
Nik Raihan Nik Yusoff ◽  
Mohd Sukhairi Mat Rasat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Test Method ◽  
World Health ◽  
Azolla Pinnata ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Aquatic Fern ◽  
Significant Difference

Dengue is vector-borne diseases with 390 million infections per year extending over 120 countries of the world. Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) is a primary vector for dengue viral infections for humans. Current focus on application of natural product against mosquito vectors has been the main priority for research due to its eco-safety. The extensive use of chemical insecticides has led to severe health problems, environmental pollution, toxic hazards to human and nontarget species, and development of insecticide resistance on mosquitoes. Azolla pinnata is an aquatic fern and predominantly used as feed in poultry industry and as fertilizer in agricultural field for enhancing the fertility of rice paddy soil. The present study was conducted to explore the larvicidal efficacy of A. pinnata using fresh and powdered form against late third-stage larvae (6 days, 5 mm in larvae body length) of Ae. aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae). The larvicidal bioassays were performed using World Health Organization standard larval susceptibility test method for different concentration for powdered and fresh A. pinnata. Powdered A. pinnata concentration used during larvicidal bioassay ranges from 500ppm to 2000ppm; meanwhile, fresh A. pinnata ranges from 500ppm to 9,000,000 ppm. The highest mortality was at 1853 ppm for powdered A. pinnata compared with fresh A. pinnata at 2,521,535 ppm, while the LC50 for both powdered and fresh A. pinnata recorded at 1262 ppm and 1853 ppm, respectively. Finally, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant difference on Ae. aegypti larval mortality (F=30.439, df=1, p≤0.001) and concentration (F=20.002, df=1, p≤0.001) compared to powdered and fresh A. pinnata at 24-hour bioassay test. In conclusion, the powdered A. pinnata serves as a good larvicidal agent against Ae. aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) and this study provided information on the lethal concentration that may have potential for a more eco-friendly Aedes mosquito control program.

scholarly journals Ground Applications of Vectobac® WDG with A1 Super-Duty Mist Sprayer® and Micronair® AU5000 Atomizer for Suppression of Aedes aegypti Populations in the Florida Keys

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-279
Author(s):  
Heidi L. Murray ◽  
Catherine A. Pruszynski ◽  
Lawrence J. Hribar
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Florida Keys ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis Israelensis ◽  
Key West ◽  
F1 Generation

ABSTRACT Since 2011, the Florida Keys Mosquito Control District (FKMCD) has used the WALS® application strategy with VectoBac® WDG containing Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis via helicopter in Key West for the control of Aedes aegypti larval populations. In 2018, FKMCD conducted a study to determine the effectiveness of using a trailer-mounted A1 Super Duty Mist Sprayer® (A1 Mist Sprayers) with a Micronair® AU5000 (Micron Group) atomizer to apply VectoBac WDG by ground at the rate of 0.5 lb/acre (0.56 kg/ha). Bioassay cups were placed in a residential area encompassing open, moderate, and heavy cover scenarios between 0 and 300 ft (0–91.44 m) perpendicular to the spray line. An application rate of 0.5 lbs/acre (0.56 kg/ha) was used. Bioassay cups were collected after application and returned to the laboratory where 100 ml of distilled water and 10 F1 generation Ae. aegypti larvae were added. Laval mortality was monitored at 2, 4, and 24 h. Three separate runs were completed during the summer of 2018. Average larval mortality at 24 h was >90%. The field trial demonstrated sufficient efficacy to introduce this method of larviciding into operational use.

scholarly journals The Toxicity of Srikaya Seed Granules (Annona squamosa L.) with Different Heating Temperatures Against the Larva of Aedes aegypti L.

BIOEDUKASI ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rima Gloria Purwanto ◽  
Dwi Wahyuni ◽  
Joko Waluyo
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Temperature

Abstract: Aedes aegypti L. is a mosquito carrying dengue virus that causes dengue fever, especially in Southeast Asia which is a tropical rain forest region which is a habitat for mosquito growth. Aedes aegypti L. mosquito control is carried out by chemical means of fogging and using abate but this control actually causes Aedes aegypti L. mosquitoes to become resistant or immune to chemical drugs so that a new breakthrough is created by making bioinsecticides biologically to eradicate the Aedes aegypti L. mosquito. with characteristics that are environmentally friendly and do not kill non-target animals and cause the Aedes aegypti L. mosquito not to become resistant. To be able to realize this desire so that the sugar cane granules extract of Annona squamosa L. containing active compounds in the form of annonain and squamosin so that they are toxic to Aedes aegypti L. mosquito larvae. Further research is to test the heating temperature level of the granules of Annona squamosa L. extract temperature of 40 ° C and 60 ° C which is more deadly of Aedes aegypti L. mosquito larvae. This research method uses a completely randomized design with four repetitions. The temperature of 60 ° C uses concentrations of 1 ppm, 6 ppm, 12 ppm, 18 ppm, 24 ppm and 30 ppm. As for the temperature of 40 ° C using concentrations of 1 ppm, 7 ppm, 14 ppm, 21 ppm, 28 ppm, and 35 ppm, each temperature compared with aquadest and abate. Data analyzed using probit analysis to determine the LC50, then followed by a statistical test paired sample T-test with SPSS to find out a significant difference between heating temperatures of 40 ° C to 60 ° C. These results then show that a higher temperature of 60 ° C has a higher level of toxicity compared to a lower temperature of 40 ° C.

scholarly journals Pyrethroid Resistance Status of Aedes (Stegomyia) Aegypti (Linneaus) from Dengue Endemic Areas in Peninsular Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosilawati R ◽  
Lee HL ◽  
Nazni WA ◽  
Nurulhusna AH ◽  
Roziah A ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
World Health ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Health Organization

Vector control is still the principal method to control dengue and chemical insecticides, especially the pyrethroids such as permethrin are the forerunners of mosquito control agent. Intensive and extensive use of pyrethroids often result in resistance, thereby hampering control efforts. The present study was conducted to evaluate the susceptible status of Aedes aegypti, the primary vector of dengue against permethrin. A nationwide mosquito sampling via ovitrapping was conducted in 12 dengue hotspots across 5 states in Peninsular Malaysia. Field collected Aedes eggs were hatched and reared until L3 larval and further identified it species. Adult F0 Aedes aegypti were reared until F1 progeny and the female were used in adult assay, performed according to World Health Organization (WHO) protocol as to determine the resistance level. The laboratory strain maintained for more than 1000 generations that were susceptible to permethrin served as the control strain. Evaluation of resistance ratio was assessed by comparing the knockdown rate with laboratory susceptible strain. In this present study, 70% ofAe. aegypti population from dengue hotspots was highly resistance to permethrin. The study clearly demonstrated that widespread of permethrin resistant Ae. aegypti in Malaysian mosquito’s population, indicating the need of implementing an efficient pyrethroid resistance management.

scholarly journals How long is long enough? Decreasing effects in Aedes aegypti larval mortality by plant extracts over time

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-345
Author(s):  
Gilberto Dinis Cozzer ◽  
Renan de Souza Rezende ◽  
Junir Antônio Lutinski ◽  
Walter Antônio Roman ◽  
Maria Assunta Busato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Short Time Scale ◽  
Human Intoxication ◽  
Short Time

Aedes aegypti has overcome all kinds of mosquito control attempts over the last century. Strategies for population control resorts to the use of synthetic insecticides, which can lead to problems like human intoxication and environmental contamination. The effects of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti), Ilex paraguariensis (yerba mate), and Ilex theezans (caúna herb) extracts against A. aegypti larvae were evaluated. The bioassays were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions of temperature (27 ± 3°C) and photoperiod (12 h). Hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of I. theezans displayed better residual effect compared to the aqueous extract of I. paraguariensis fruits. The strongest residual effect of I. theezans was probably due to the presence of certain chemicals in its leaves, such as coumarins, hemolytic saponins, and cyanogenic glucosides, which were absent in I. paraguariensis. The results herein contributed to the prospection of natural insecticides and opened the possibility for subsequent studies on the use of plant extracts in field situations in a short-time scale.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF Gliricidia sepium LEAVES EXTRACTS ON Aedes aegypti: LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishnaveni K.V. ◽  
ThaiyalNayaki R. ◽  
Balasubramanian, G M*.
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health Significance

<p>Mosquitoes are the single most important group of insects in terms of public health significance and causing diseases. They are the vectors for the transmission of many viral pathogens and pose serious threat to human health. Chemical insecticides are widely used but they are non-selective and harmful to beneficial organisms. In the present study <em>G. Sepium</em> leaves extracts were used to analyse its effect against <em>Aedes aegypti</em>, to compare the mortality rate while using different solvent extracts of the leaf, to identify the solvent extract which give high rate of larval mortality and to characterise the compounds present in the corresponding leaf extract using phytochemical analysis. The ethanolic extract of <em>G. sepium</em> leaves constitute flavanoids, steroids, glycoside, carbohydrate and saponins compound. Thus it was found to have an inhibitory effect on the growth of larvae than other solvent extracts. In the statistical analysis highest significant difference was observed between 1.5g/l and 2.0g/l concentration of ethanolic extract and other extracts. However no significant difference was observed in other concentrations. The larvicidal activity of the plant extract may be attributed to the presence of active compounds like terpinoids, saponins and steroids.<strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals FIELD COMPARISON OF AUTOCIDAL GRAVID OVITRAPS AND IN2CARE TRAPS AGAINST AEDES AEGYPTI IN DOWNTOWN SAINT AUGUSTINE, NORTHEASTERN FLORIDA

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Dena Autry
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Adult Mosquito ◽  
Treated Area ◽  
Mosquito Trap ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pre Treatment

Mosquito Control programs are utilizing cost-effective long term autocidal gravid traps because they minimize labor needs while targeting the gravid population of container-breeding mosquitoes. This field study compared the efficacy of the In2Care Mosquito Trap and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention autocidal gravid ovitrap (CDC-AGO). The study consisted of two control and two treatment sites, and each treatment site had either 100 In2Care Mosquito Traps or 100 CDC-AGOs. Aedes aegypti populations in each site were monitored using Biogent (BG) Sentinel 2 mosquito traps and ovitraps. Analysis of pre- and post-treatment data indicated no significant difference in adult mosquito populations detected by BG traps from either the In2Care or CDC-AGO sites. However, the mean number of eggs collected by ovitraps showed significant reduction in both trap type treated areas posttreatment, compared to pre-treatment. Furthermore, the mean number of egg collections from the In2Care mosquito trap treated area was much less than the collection from the CDC-AGO trap treated area post-treatment.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Red Ginger Fraction (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. rubrum) as Insecticidal Aedes aegypti

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Chairil Anwar ◽  
KM Yahya Syukur ◽  
Dalilah Dalilah ◽  
Salni Salni ◽  
Novrikasari Novrikasari
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Test Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Zingiber Officinale Roscoe ◽  
Red Ginger

Aedes aegypti is a vector of Dengue Hemoragic Fever. The use of synthetic chemical insecticide is the most common way to control Ae. aegypti. However, since it can cause resistency if it is used in a wide scale with high frequency and continously, it requires an alternative way. Red ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. rubrum) is one of natural insecticide which is safe to be used to control Ae. aegypti. This research aims was to determine the activity of active fraction of red ginger to mortality of Ae. aegypti. It was a quasi-experiment research with post test only control design. Twenty Ae. aegypti Liverpool strain were the sample of this research with 5 concentration for each and 4 times repetition. The result showed that concentration 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5% causing mortality percentage of 32.5%, 33.8%, 51.3%, 58.8% and 65.0% respectively. One way Anova test showed p-value < alpha ± (0.00 < 0.05). It was concluded that there was a significant difference of various concentration of active fraction n-heksan of red ginger extract to the mortality of Ae. aegypti. The lethal concentration (LC50) was 2.409%. It was suggested to continue this research with reppellant or bio-assay test method.   Key words: Toxicity, extract, fraction, Aedes aegypti, Insecticidal

scholarly journals How long is long enough? Decreasing on plant extract lethal effects, over time, affecting Aedes aegypti larval mortality

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Dinis Cozzer ◽  
Renan de Souza Rezende ◽  
Junir Antônio Lutinski ◽  
Walter Antônio Roman Junior ◽  
Maria Assunta Busato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Short Time Scale ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe mosquito Aedes aegypti has overcome all kinds of human being mosquito control attempts over the last century. Strategies for vector population control resorts to the use of synthetic insecticides, which can lead to problems of intoxication in humans and environmental contamination. We evaluated the effects of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti), Ilex paraguariensis (mate-herb) and Ilex theezans (caúna-herb) extracts against A. aegypti larvae mortality. The bioassays were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions of temperature (27±3°C) and photoperiod (12h). Hydroalcoholic I. theezans leaves extract displayed better residual effect compared to I. paraguariensis fruit aqueous extract. Variation in larval mortality was also observed in the exposure periods (low after a few weeks). Low mortality after a few weeks may mean increased the food for mosquito in a oppose effect over time. The residual effect of Bti was observed during the 56 days of the study duration (100% of mortality). The strongest residual effect of I. theezans was probably due to the presence of chemical on its leaves, such coumarins, hemolytic saponins and cyanogenic glucosides, absent in I. paraguariensis. On the other hand, alternative methods to vector control present risks in a long term scale by reversal of larvicide effect into food resource. Our results contributed to the prospection of natural insecticides and open the possibility for subsequent studies of the use of plant extracts in field situations in a short time scale.

scholarly journals Assessment of mosquito insecticidal activity of bacterial extracts produced by Colombian strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Agudelo-Restrepo ◽  
Martha Lucia Hernández‐Quesada ◽  
Edinson Yonny Sanabria-Duran ◽  
Sandra Inés Uribe-Soto ◽  
Adriana Ortiz-Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
World Health ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Control Disease ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance

Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are the major vectors for the transmission of more than 30 disease-causing viruses as dengue fever, dengue hemorragic fever, zika, yellow fever and chikungunya. Vector control is one of the important strategies used in order to fight these diseases in tropical and subtropical countries. However, mosquito control is facing a threat because of the emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides. The aim of this study was to identify larvicidal and adulticidal activity of secondary metabolites in extracts produced by bacteria isolated from different sources in Colombia. A total of 105 extracts produced from the same number of bacteria were evaluated for their activity against fourth instar larvae and adults of A. aegypti and A. albopictus using standard protocols defined for the WHO (World Health Organization) and CDC (Control Disease Centre, USA). Six extracts showed relevant activity (more than 50% of mosquito larvae were killed after 48 hours), two of them showed to be actives against larvae of Aedes aegypti and four against larvae of Aedes albopictus. None of the extracts showed activity against the mosquitoes in adult stage. The bacteria producing active extracts were identified using the biolog ® identification system as Serratia marcescens ss marcescens, Escherichia hermannii, Serratia marcescens ss marcescens, Bacillus marisflavi, Bacillus atropheus/subtilis and Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca. In conclusion, bacterial extracts are a good source for the search of new strategies in the control of mosquitoes. Further studies to determine the compound responsible for the insecticidal activity are in progress.

scholarly journals Insecticide resistance and genetic structure of Aedes aegypti populations from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. e0008492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafi Ur Rahman ◽  
Luciano Veiga Cosme ◽  
Monique Melo Costa ◽  
Luana Carrara ◽  
José Bento Pereira Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
World Health ◽  
Janeiro State

Vector control largely relies on neurotoxic chemicals, and insecticide resistance (IR) directly threatens their effectiveness. In some cases, specific alleles cause IR, and knowledge of the genetic diversity and gene flow among mosquito populations is crucial to track their arrival, rise, and spread. Here we evaluated Aedes aegypti populations’ susceptibility status, collected in 2016 from six different municipalities of Rio de Janeiro state (RJ), to temephos, pyriproxyfen, malathion, and deltamethrin. We collected eggs of Ae. aegypti in Campos dos Goytacazes (Cgy), Itaperuna (Ipn), Iguaba Grande (Igg), Itaboraí (Ibr), Mangaratiba (Mgr), and Vassouras (Vsr). We followed the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and investigated the degree of susceptibility/resistance of mosquitoes to these insecticides. We used the Rockefeller strain as a susceptible positive control. We genotyped the V1016I and F1534C knockdown resistance (kdr) alleles using qPCR TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. Besides, with the use of Ae. aegypti SNP-chip, we performed genomic population analyses by genotyping more than 15,000 biallelic SNPs in mosquitoes from each population. We added previous data from populations from other countries to evaluate the ancestry of RJ populations. All RJ Ae. aegypti populations were susceptible to pyriproxyfen and malathion and highly resistant to deltamethrin. The resistance ratios for temephos was below 3,0 in Cgy, Ibr, and Igg populations, representing the lowest rates since IR monitoring started in this Brazilian region. We found the kdr alleles in high frequencies in all populations, partially justifying the observed resistance to pyrethroid. Population genetics analysis showed that Ae. aegypti revealed potential higher migration among some RJ localities and low genetic structure for most of them. Future population genetic studies, together with IR data in Ae aegypti on a broader scale, can help us predict the gene flow within and among the Brazilian States, allowing us to track the dynamics of arrival and changes in the frequency of IR alleles, and providing critical information to improving vector control program.

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