Gas hazard of explosives used in the mining industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
S.A. Kozyrev ◽  
E.A. Vlasova
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Gaseous Detonation ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Detonation Products ◽  
Underground Blasting ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Blast Energy ◽  
Toxic Hazard ◽  
Hazardous Pollutants

Reducing emissions of hazardous pollutants that have a negative impact on the environment and human health has been approved as one of the strategic objectives of Russia's development. More than 90% of minerals in mined using blast energy. Despite an increase in the share of non-explosive component mixtures used in mining, blasting still poses a hazard to miners as the gaseous detonation products are potentially dangerous. The composition of blast gaseous products is extremely important in underground blasting because air exchange is difficult under these conditions and the blast products can contaminate the atmosphere of underground excavations, causing illness or poisoning of miners. Currently, there are no uniform requirements for obtaining information on the amount of gaseous blast products that would be hazardous to the human organism. Available documents do not contain information on the permissible amounts of toxic oxides per 1 kg of explosive detonated. The article compares the results of studying gas toxic hazard of industrial explosives obtained by different methods and based on different criteria.

scholarly journals SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MINING COMPLEX OF THE MURMANSK REGION: MINIMIZATION OF MAN-MADE IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-200
Author(s):  
Vladimir MASLOBOEV ◽  
◽  
Dmitry MAKAROV ◽  
Elena KLYUCHNIKOVA ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Green Growth ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Mining Complex

The Murmansk region is a region with the largest enterprises of the mining complex of the Russian Federation: KF JSC “Apatit”, JSC “Kola MMC”, JSC “Olkon”, JSC” Kovdorsky GOK”, JSC” North-West Phosphorus Company”, LLC”Lovozersky GOK”. They provide the majority of the country’s demand for phosphate ores, zirconium raw materials (baddeleyite), niobium, tantalum, and rare earth metals. In addition, the mining and processing of copper-nickel, iron and chrome ores, nepheline and ceramic raw materials, facing stone and building materials is carried out. At the same time, the activities of enterprises have a very negative impact on the environment. The issues of environmental safety in the extraction and processing of minerals, storage of mining waste in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation are of particular relevance. The definition of sustainable development in relation to the mining industry is given. The concepts of available best technologies, circular economy, and “green growth” are considered from the point of view of their contribution to sustainable development. It is shown that the sustainable development of enterprises at the present stage is impossible without improving the environmental friendliness of production. The article analyzes the legislation of the Russian Federation and the practice of its application to identify mechanisms that promote sustainable development and eliminate barriers to the implementation of this concept in the mining industry. New technological solutions have been developed for mining enterprises of the Murmansk region, aimed at reducing aero-technogenic emissions, cleaning waste (mine) water, processing tailings of enrichment as man-made deposits, which allows both to minimize man-made environmental impacts and to increase the full use of mineral raw materials. Thus, the expediency of using the principles of “green growth” for the development of economic development policies in the Arctic is justified.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION AND STUDY OF THE KINETICS OF SEDIMENTATION OF REJECT OF THE IRON ORE INDUSTRY

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (30) ◽  
pp. 647-653
Author(s):  
J. H. M. SANTOS ◽  
P. C. M. SANTOS ◽  
F. T. VIEIRA ◽  
J. D. FABRIS ◽  
A. B. REIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Recycle Water ◽  
Industrial Activity ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Energy Spectrometer ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Scanning Electron

Currently the mining industry plays an important role in the generation of wealth of a country through the exploitation of natural resources of the earth, and in some cases, responsible for a significant fraction of the economic matrix. Like any other industrial activity, mining has a negative impact on the environment, which leads the industry to constantly face the challenge of achieving the sustainability of its activities. The study aimed to characterize the iron ore reject seeking the feasibility of reprocessing and water recovery. The reject sample was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy with Dispersive Energy Spectrometer. Studies of the sedimentation kinetics of the tailings were carried out to implement techniques to recover the iron present in the tailings and recycle water in the mineral processing. In the sedimentation tests it was possible to recover approximately 50% of water without compromising the transport operations of the material. It can be concluded that the ore reject analyzed is composed mainly of Fe and Si respectively, showing that the reject has reprocessing potential, and recovery of water present in the clarified.

Analysis of steel-with-composite material substitution in military vehicle hull floors subjected to shallow-buried landmine-detonation loads

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Grujicic ◽  
J.S. Snipes ◽  
S. Ramaswami ◽  
R. Yavari ◽  
C.-F. Yen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Gaseous Detonation ◽  
Detonation Products ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Material Substitution ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Military Vehicle ◽  
Constitutive Response ◽  
Continuum Structure

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address the problem of substitution of steel with fiber-reinforced polymer-matrix composite in military-vehicle hull-floors, and identifies and quantifies the associated main benefits and shortcomings. Design/methodology/approach – The problem is investigated using a combined finite-element/discrete-particle computational analysis. Within this analysis, soil (in which a landmine is buried), gaseous detonation products and air are modeled as assemblies of discrete, interacting particles while the hull-floor is treated as a Lagrangian-type continuum structure. Considerable effort has been invested in deriving the discrete-material properties from the available experimental data. Special attention has been given to the derivation of the contact properties since these, in the cases involving discrete particles, contain a majority of the information pertaining to the constitutive response of the associated materials. The potential ramifications associated with the aforementioned material substitution are investigated under a large number of mine-detonation scenarios involving physically realistic ranges of the landmine mass, its depth of burial in the soil, and the soil-surface/floor-plate distances. Findings – The results obtained clearly revealed both the benefits and the shortcomings associated with the examined material substitution, suggesting that they should be properly weighted in each specific case of hull-floor design. Originality/value – To the authors’ knowledge, the present work is the first public-domain report of the findings concerning the complexity of steel substitution with composite-material in military-vehicle hull-floors.

Use of aluminum foam core sandwich structures to improve the blast-mitigation performance of light tactical vehicle side-vent-channel solution

2016 ◽  
Vol 232 (12) ◽  
pp. 993-1011
Author(s):  
M Grujicic ◽  
R Yavari ◽  
JS Snipes ◽  
S Ramaswami
Keyword(s):  
Design Optimization ◽  
Aluminum Foam ◽  
Sandwich Structures ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Gaseous Detonation ◽  
Rocket Engines ◽  
Foam Core ◽  
Blast Mitigation ◽  
Detonation Products ◽  
Tactical Vehicle

In our recent work, a side-vent-channel blast-mitigation concept/solution for light tactical vehicles was proposed. As a part of this solution, side-vent channels are attached to the V-shaped vehicle underbody, in order to promote venting of the soil ejecta and gaseous detonation products and, in turn, generate a downward thrust on the targeted light tactical vehicle. As a consequence, the blast loads resulting from a shallow-buried mine detonated underneath a light tactical vehicle are mitigated, improving the probability for vehicle survival. The concept was motivated by the principles of operation of the so-called “pulse detonation” rocket engines. To quantify the utility and blast-mitigation capacity of this concept, use was made of several computational and design optimization methods and tools in our prior work. It was found that the capacity of the proposed blast-mitigation solution is relatively small, but still noteworthy. The present work focuses on further improvements in the blast-mitigation capacity of the side-vent-channel solution. Specifically, the benefits offered by substitution of the all-steel side-vent channels with side-vent channels made of sandwich structures (consisting of steel face-sheets and aluminum foam core) for all-steel side-vent channels are explored. The results obtained clearly demonstrated that this substitution can improve the blast-mitigation efficiency of the side-vent-channel solution. In addition, through the use of a design optimization analysis, it was established that this improvement can be further increased through proper grading of the aluminum foam density profile through the sandwich structure core.

Equation of State of Detonation Products Based on Chemical Equilibrium

2013 ◽  
Vol 790 ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Yan Hong Zhao ◽  
Hai Feng Liu ◽  
Wei Wei Pang
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Chemical Equilibrium ◽  
Hard Sphere ◽  
Gaseous Detonation ◽  
Mixed System ◽  
Variation Theory ◽  
Condensed Phases ◽  
Equilibrium Equations ◽  
Detonation Products ◽  
Minimization Principle

An equation of state (EOS) model of detonation products based on chemical equilibrium is developed. The EOS of gaseous detonation products is described by Rosss modification of hard-sphere variation theory and the improved one-fluid van der Waals mixture model. The condensed phases of carbon are taken as a mixture of graphite, diamond, graphite-like liquid and diamond-like liquid. For a mixed system of detonation products, the free energy minimization principle is used to determine the equilibrium compositions of detonation products by solving chemical equilibrium equations. The potential function parameters have been renewed and the non-ideal fixing effects of the major detonation products have been taken into account. The calculated detonation parameters in our work for a variety of explosives are well in agreement with the experimental data.

scholarly journals Determining the working status of the production organization structure in the mechanized longwall when the negative impact factor has appeared

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Hung Phi Nguyen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Underground Coal Mining ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Production Organization ◽  
Mineral Industries ◽  
The Impact

For the purpose of ensuring sustainable development, one of the important factors is to increase labor productivity and minimize the number of workers directly working in the mine. In the context of increasing requirements for underground coal mining, the number of workers tends to decline due to shifting to other types of economy. Therefore, the mechanization investment in coal mining is the inevitable destination, which guarantees the long - term strategic development of the coal mining industry. Although the mechanized mining has obtained several achievements, the annual coal mining output is still not high, specifically reaching 73.8%; 51.3%; 61.4% according to the plan respectively for the years of 2013, 2014 and 2015. A total of mechanized lines has been invested and applied in Vietnam National Coal - Mineral Industries Holding Corporation Limited, but there are only six lines in operation until at this time. For five recent years, when the mining industry has accumulated a lot of experience in using mechanization technology, it is found that the potential factors causing production interruption have resulted in the effectiveness of these longwalls not achieved as expected. Summary of advantages, difficulties, and unsuccessful implementation of mechanization technology in the condition of Quang Ninh mine area has shown a big gap in production organization that should be specifically studying. In this study, the author wants to build a basic background in determining the impact of potential factors conscious of the longwall mechanized.

scholarly journals Strategic positioning of the Russian Far East gold mining industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 03021
Author(s):  
Aleksei Sobolev ◽  
Peter Gibson ◽  
Gennadei Sekisov ◽  
Anton Andriushenko
Keyword(s):  
Gold Mining ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Strategic Positioning ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Current State ◽  
Internal And External Factors

The objectives of this paper is to investigate internal and external factors influencing the gold mining in Russian Far East. Justification of the methodological and practical recommendations as well as effective strategies which in full measure correspond to the range of economic and technical factors aimed to increase the effectiveness of gold mining industry in Russia are presented. In this paper, we analysed the current state and main development trends, identified strengths and weaknesses of the internal environment, as well as opportunities and threats of the external environment for the gold mining enterprises based on SWOT analysis. Based on the analysis identified directions of production strategies improvements, sound strategic response and strategic management mechanisms to mitigate the challenges of current times. Their implementation will allow companies using the strengths to reduce the negative impact of weaknesses and prevent key threats, that will significantly increase the competitiveness and economic efficiency of the Russian gold mining industry.

scholarly journals Directions of Career Transport Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
Mark L. Khazin
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Dump Truck ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Dump Trucks ◽  
Mining Dump Truck

Since the beginning of the civilization emergence, people began to use the minerals extraction on the surface of the Earth and the rock mass transportation. One of the main tasks of the mining industry is the transportation of an increasing rock mass amount from the quarry, which has caused the need to increase the power and carrying capacity of mining dump trucks. Today, we can assume that the revolutionary period of increasing the carrying capacity in the creation of heavy-duty dump trucks is over. Further improvement of the designs of frame dump trucks is impractical. To create super-powerful dump trucks capable of efficiently transporting rock mass from deep horizons, fundamentally different designs of machines and power plants are needed. The most important requirement for promising machines is to minimize the negative impact on the environment. In its development, mining vehicles have come a long way: a hand wheelbarrow - a horse cart - a truck - a diesel mining dump truck - a diesel-electric mining dump truck - an electric mining dump truck - an unmanned electric mining dump truck. According to the law of the transition from quantity to quality, it can be assumed that the period of increasing the carrying capacity of mining dump trucks has ended (quantitative changes), and a new period of qualitative changes begins (the development of new types of mining transport, an increase in the specific capacity of a power plant, the use of other energy carriers, etc.). An important area is the use of artificial intelligence: robotic dump trucks, self-diagnostic systems, etc. The main requirement for promising machines is to reduce the cost of transporting rock mass and a minimum negative impact on the environment.

scholarly journals Influence of electromagnetic fields on the human organism

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (46) ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Engineering Institute

The article presents measures to reduce the negative impact of electromagnetic fields emanating from cell phones on the human organism. The topic of the work is relevant, since at present the role of mobile devices in the life of the modern person is rapidly increasing. The analysis of the measured electromagnetic field levels of the telephones of various brands in the "standby" and "ringing" modes was carried out. Poll that was conducted among students of the Azov-Black Sea Engineering Institute on the usage of mobile devices was also analyzed. Keywords: ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD, MOBILE PHONE, NEGATIVE EFFECT, MEASUREMENT, POLL

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