scholarly journals Effects of shilajit on the bone tissue of alcohol administered rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Payal Bhardwaj ◽  
Mehak Goel ◽  
Durg Vijay Rai
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Alcohol Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group A ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to examine the effect of Shilajit; a herbomineral, supplementation on the mechanical strength of alcohol treated rat bone. Methods: Experimental animals each were assigned to six groups: group A(control): control rats were given water orally for a period of ten weeks; group B (treated): Animals were given processed shilajit (PS; 100mg/kg/day); group C (treated): Animals were given processed shilajit (PS; 200mg/kg/day); group D: animals were given 30% alcohol; group E: animals were given 30% alcohol and shilajit (100mg/kg/day) orally; group F: animals were given 30% alcohol and shilajit (200mg/kg/day) orally for ten weeks. Bone tissue mechanical strength along with bone weight, liver antioxidative enzymes and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were assessed for all the treatment groups. Results: Mechanical strength of the bone tissue (both femur as well as tibia) was found to be significantly enhanced upon shilajit supplementation to alcohol treated group. Also, the activities of anti oxidant enzymes and alkaline phosphatase in the liver of alcohol administered groups were restored upon shilajit administration. Conclusion: These findings suggest that shilajit is very efficacious and competent in the maintenance of bone health.

Survival of classic swine fever virus in hams made from the meat of pigs vaccinated with the PAV-250 strain and unvaccinated pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-551
Author(s):  
Heidi Amezcua Hempel ◽  
María Salud Rubio Lozano ◽  
Eliseo Manuel Hernández Baumgarten ◽  
Pablo Correa Girón † ◽  
Oscar Torres Ángeles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Strain ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Biometric Analysis ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

The study was to determine the presence of Classical Swine Fever virus (CSFv), in the meat of vaccinated pigs with the PAV-250 strain and then challenged using the same strain. Five treatment groups were established (each with four pigs). Group A: Pigs thatwere fed with processed hams from negative animals; Group B: Pigs that were fed with processed hams from commercial pigs inoculated with the ALD (reference strain) (titre of 104.0/ml); Group C: Pigs fed with processed hams from pigs infected with the virulent ALD strain (titre of 102.5/ml); Group D: Pigs fed with processed hams from pigs vaccinated with the PAV-250 strain and challenged with the ALD strain (titre of 101.1/ml); and Group E: Pigs fed with processed hams from pigs vaccinated with two doses of the PAV-250 strain and challenged with the ALD strain (negative). Blood samples were taken at d 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 for biometric analysis. Groups B, C and D manifested clinical signs of CSFv: 40 °C temperature, anorexia, paralysis, vomiting, diarrhea, tremor, hirsute hair and cyanosis. Pigs were slaughtered and necropsies performed to identify lesions in tissues. Results of direct immunofluorescence testing of tissues were positive and the virus was recovered. Under these study conditions, it was found that CSFv resisted the cooking method at 68 °C for 40 min in hams from unvaccinated pigs, and that the virus was able to transmit the disease to healthy unvaccinated pigs, whereas the hams from the vaccinated animals did not transmit the virus.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI LAMBUNG TIKUS WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIBERIKAN LENGKUAS (Alpinia galanga Willd) SETELAH DIINDUKSI OLEH ASAM MEFENAMAT

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juita Pasaribu ◽  
Lily Loho ◽  
Poppy Lintong
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Acute Gastritis ◽  
Group A ◽  
Mucosal Lining ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Abstrak: Gastritis akut merupakan proses inflamasi yang bersifat akut dan biasanya terjadi pada bagian permukaan mukosa lambung. Penyakit ini biasanya disebabkan karena banyak faktor salah satunya yaitu penggunaan asam mefenamat dalam dosis yang berlebihan. Pada penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya didapatkan bahwa lengkuas dapat mengurangi terjadinya radang akut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran histopatologi lambung tikus wistar yang diberikan lengkuas setelah diinduksi dengan asam mefenamat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan sampel 11 ekor tikus wistar yang dibagi dalam 4 kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok A tidak diberikan perlakuan. Kelompok B diberikan asam mefenamat 10 mg selama 7 hari. Kelompok C diberikan asam mefenamat 10 mg selama 7 hari kemudian diberikan perasan lengkuas selama 7 hari. Kelompok D diberikan asam mefenamat 10 mg kemudian tidak diberikan perlakuan selama 7 hari. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa gambaran mikroskopik lambung tikus wistar pada kelompok C terdapat sel-sel radang PMN yang lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan kelompok B dan D. Simpulan: lengkuas dapat mengurangi sel-sel radang PMN pada mukosa lambung yang diberikan dengan asam mefenamat. Kata kunci: Lengkuas, Asam Mefenamat, Gastritis akut.   Abstract : acute gastritis is an acute inflammatory process normally occurring in the mucosal lining of the stomach. This disease is caused by a variety of factors, one of which is the use of mefenamat acid in large doses. Previous research has revealed that galangal can be used to reduce acute inflammation. The objective of this research was to reveal the histopathological pictures of stomach of wistar rats that treatment with galangal after induce by mefenamat acid. This study is an experimental, employing 11 wistar rats which were assigned for four treatment groups. Group A was the control group in which the rats received no treatment. Rats in group B were administered mefenamat acid 10 mg for 7 days. In group C, the rats were also administered mefenamat acid 10 mg for 7 days and then received galangal distillation for 7 days. In group D, rats were administered mefenamat acid 10 mg for 7 days and then for 7 days without receiving anymore mefenamat acid or galangal distillation. Results showed that microscopic pictures of stomach of wistar rats in group C were presented with PMN inflammatory cells fewer than rats in group B and D. Conclusion: galangal can reduce PMN inflammatory cells in mucosal lining of the stomach exposed to mefenamat acid. Key words: galangal, mefenamat acid,  acute gastritis.

Piperacillin/tazobactam monotherapy versus combination ceftazidime plus amikacin for the treatment of febrile neutropenia in patients with cancer: A Hellenic Co-Operative Oncology Group Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 18590-18590
Author(s):  
D. Pectasides ◽  
G. Fountzilas ◽  
G. Samonis ◽  
D. Panidis ◽  
I. Grimani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Febrile Neutropenia ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Febrile Episodes

18590 Background: Combinations of β-lactam antibiotics and aminoglycosides are considered standard therapy for febrile neutropenia. Monotherapies have been proposed as standard treatments, demonstrating equal efficacy and better safety. Methods: This is a prospective, multi-centre, randomized clinical trial. Cancer patients with absolute neutrophil count (ANC) <1,000/mm3 and fever >38oC for ≥ 2 hours were randomized to either piperacillin/tazobactam 4.5 g every 8 h i.v. (group A) or ceftazidime 2 g every 8 h plus amikacin 15 mg/kg i.v. per day (group B). In case of fever >38oC 48 h after initiation of the therapy, vancomycin 500 mg every 6 h i.v. was added. Minimal duration of treatment was 72 hours. Treatment was continued for 7 days in case of improvement, otherwise vancomycin was added or the study therapy was discontinued. Early efficacy was assessed on day 3 and overall response 4 days after the end of treatment. Complete success was defined the patient to become afebrile and no other antibiotics to be added. Treatment failures were classified in two categories, those in which vancomycin was added to the study regimen, and those in which other antibiotics were used. Categorical variables were compared between treatment groups with the use of Fisher’s exact test, while for continuous Wilcoxon’s rank sum test was used. Results: One hundred twenty-seven febrile episodes were treated (group A: 66, group B: 61). Patient characteristics were well balanced in terms of age, underlying malignancies, ANC, and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) support. Both treatments were well tolerated. No significant differences were seen in terms of success to treatment. Complete success was achieved in 45 (68%) of patients in group A and 40 (66%) in group B, while another 8 patients in group A (12%) and 6 in group B (10%) required addition of pre-defined anti-staphyloccocci antibiotic. Conclusions: Empirical treatment of febrile neutropenic episodes with piperacillin/tazobactam monotherapy appears to be as effective as the “standard” ceftazidime/amikacin combination. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Mycobacterial Cervical Adenitis in Children: Medical and Surgical Management

1993 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 733-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald B. Hawkins ◽  
Maisie L. Shindo ◽  
Emily J. Kahlstrom ◽  
Eithne F. MacLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Cure Rate ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Cervical Adenitis ◽  
Diagnostic Biopsy ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Second Procedure ◽  
Time Of Presentation ◽  
Group D

This is a review of the treatment results of cervicofacial mycobacterial adenitis in 85 children and adolescents. Twenty-three patients were treated with only anti-tuberculous medications (Group A). Thirteen underwent surgical procedures at the time of presentation for drainage of abscess or diagnostic biopsy, followed by treatment with anti-tuberculous medications (Group B). Forty-nine were initially treated with anti-tuberculous medications, with or without needle aspirations, and subsequently required surgery for one of the following reasons: 1) drainage and/or excision of abscess (Group C); 2) diagnostic biopsy (Group D); and 3) excision of persistent, enlarging, or recurrent nodes, or of draining fistulas (Group E). Four patients who were initially treated with surgery required a second procedure for persistent or recurrent disease. The cure rate for patients treated only with medications (Group A) was 95%. The cure rate for patients in the surgical groups after the initial procedures were 50% for Group B, and 100% for Groups C, D, and E. The overall cure rate was 92% for surgical treatment groups B-E and 93% for all 5 treatment groups. The clinical features of the disease, treatment outcome, and guidelines for management are discussed.

scholarly journals Pengaruh pemberian ekstrak biji kakao (Theobroma cacao) terhadap jumlah pigmen melanin kulit tikus Wistar (Rattus novergicus) yang dipapar sinar matahari

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koernia H. Yonathan ◽  
Poppy M. Lintong ◽  
Meilany F. Durry
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Sunlight Exposure ◽  
Cocoa Bean ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Abstract: Excessive exposure of sunlight may cause hyperpigmentation. Cocoa is a beneficial plant to the skin. This study was aimed to reveal the effect of cocoa bean extracts on the number of melanin pigments in rat skin after sun exposure. This was an experimental study using 25 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) divided into one control group and four treatment groups. The treatment consisted of sunlight exposure for one hour/day and application of cocoa bean extract 1600 mg/day that varied among treatment groups. Group A was the negative control group (terminated at day 21). Group B, the treatment group 1, was exposed to sunlight for 30 days (terminated at day 31). Group C, the treatment group 2, was exposed to sunlight for 20 days (terminated at day 31). Group D, the treatment group 3, was divided into group D1 consisted of 2 rats and group D2 consisted of 3 rats. Group D1 was exposed to sunlight 30 minutes after the application of cocoa bean extract for 20 days (terminated at day 21). Group D2 was exposed to sunlight 30 minutes after the application of cocoa bean extract for 30 days (terminated at day 31). Group E was exposed to sunlight for 20 days and continued with the application of cocoa bean extract for the next 10 days (terminated at day 3). The results showed that sunlight exposure increased the number of melanin pigments in group B and C compared to group A. Group D showed fewer melanin pigments than group B and C. Group E showed fewer melanin pigments than group B, C, and D. Conclusion: Cocoa bean extract could reduce the number of skin melanin pigments in rats exposed to sunlight.Keywords: cocoa beans extract, sunlight, melanin pigment, skin Abstrak: Paparan sinar matahari yang berlebihan dapat menyebabkan hiperpigmentasi. Kakao merupakan tanaman yang berkhasiat untuk pemeliharaan kesehatan kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengolesan ekstrak biji kakao dan pemaparan sinar matahari terhadap jumlah pigmen melanin kulit tikus Wistar. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental dengan menggunakan 25 tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang dibagi menjadi satu kelompok kontrol dan empat kelompok perlakuan. Perlakuan yang diberikan ialah paparan sinar matahari selama 1 jam/hari dan aplikasi ekstrak biji kakao dosis 1600 mg/hari yang bervariasi untuk masing-masing kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok A merupakan kontrol negatif (diterminasi hari ke-21). Kelompok B ialah kelompok perlakuan 1, diberi paparan sinar matahari selama 30 hari (diterminasi pada hari ke-31). Kelompok C ialah kelompok perlakuan 2, diberi paparan sinar matahari selama 20 hari (diterminasi hari ke-31). Kelompok D ialah kelompok perlakuan 3 yang dibagi menjadi kelompok D1 terdiri dari 2 tikus dan D2 dari 3 tikus. Kelompok D1 diberi paparan sinar matahari setelah diolesi ekstrak biji kakao 30 menit sebelumnya selama 20 hari (diterminasi hari ke-21). Kelompok D2 diberi paparan sinar matahari selama 1 jam setelah diolesi ekstrak biji kakao 30 menit sebelumnya selama 30 hari (diterminasi pada hari ke-31). Kelompok E ialah kelompok perlakuan 4 yang diberi paparan sinar matahari 20 hari dan dilanjutkan dengan pengolesan ekstrak biji kakao untuk 10 hari berikutnya (diterminasi hari ke-31). Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa kelompok B dan C menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah pigmen melanin dibandingkan kelompok A. Kelompok D menunjukkan jumlah pigmen melanin yang lebih sedikit dibandingkan kelompok B dan C. Kelompok E menunjukkan jumlah pigmen melanin yang lebih sedikit dibandingkan kelompok B, C, dan D. Simpulan: Ekstrak biji kakao dapat mengurangi jumlah pigmen melanin kulit tikus Wistar yang dipapar sinar matahari. Kata kunci: ekstrak biji kakao, sinar matahari, pigmen melanin kulit

scholarly journals Adipocytes containing adipokines causes β-cell regeneration in previously streptozotocin induced hyperglycemic rats model

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Nuraniza Azahari ◽  
Nor Azwani Mohd-Shukri ◽  
Muhammad Muzaffar Ali Khan Khattak
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Regeneration ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
C Protein ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Cellular Density ◽  
Group A ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Group B

Introduction:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect protein containing adiponectin from the adipocytes on the regeneration of pancreatic β-cells in rates previously treated with (STZ). Therefore, adipocytes from different sources were extracted for protein (adipokines) and the effect was evaluated on pancreatic β-cell regeneration. Methods: The protein extracts from trimmed off abdominal adipose tissues of meat sources, namely chicken, beef and lamb, were used in the present study. The fats were removed, and protein were isolated, and hydrolysate were prepared and injected to rats. The rats were induced hyperglycemia with streptozotocin (STZ) were divided into normal rats (Group-A), insulin treated rats (Group-B), protein containing beef adiponectin (PCBA) (Group-C), protein containing lamb adiponectin (PCLA) (Group-D), protein containing chicken adiponectin (PCCA) (Group-E) and no treatment hyperglycemic rats (Group-F). The rats were injected 30mg of the aforementioned proteins and pancreatic morphology was assessed two weeks post-treatment. Results: The pancreas of the Group-A showed normal islets of Langerhans with abundant beta cells. In the no treatment rats (Group-F), islets were lower in cellular density compared to the control and treatment groups. The pancreas of Group-C, D and E rats showed islets and acinar cells that were comparable to the control. The pancreas of insulin-treated Group-B was similar in architecture to the control group. Conclusions:The present study indicates that protein extracts containing adipokines from Adipocytes Containing Adiponectin Causes β-cell Regeneration in Rats

scholarly journals Selective COX-2 inhibitor reduces bone healing in bone defects

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno César de Vasconcelos Gurgel ◽  
Fernanda Vieira Ribeiro ◽  
Marco Antônio Dias da Silva ◽  
Francisco Humberto Nociti Júnior ◽  
Antonio Wilson Sallum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Healing ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Cyclooxygenase 2 ◽  
Continuous Administration ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Calvarial Defects ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Anti-inflammatory agents have been reported to regulate bone healing. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor (meloxicam) on bone healing in calvarial defects in rats. Thirty-six adult male Wistar rats were included. After anesthesia, a linear incision was made through the skin of the scalp, a full-thickness flap was reflected and a 4 mm round defect was made with a trephine drill. The animals were randomly assigned to one of the following 4 treatment groups (9 animals each), including daily subcutaneous injections: A: saline solution for 15 days; B: saline solution for 45 days; C: 3 mg/kg of meloxicam for 15 days and D: 3 mg/kg of meloxicam for 45 days. The animals were sacrificed and the specimens, routinely processed. The bone filling was histometrically measured and statistical analysis, performed. Intergroup comparisons demonstrated that the meloxicam groups presented a significant reduction in bone healing when compared to their respective controls (group A, 44.5 ± 5.75%, against group C, 57.5 ± 7.25%, p < 0.05; group B, 40.25 ± 13.75%, against group D, 52.25 ± 17.25%). Within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors may reduce bone healing in calvarial defects in rats after continuous administration.

scholarly journals Zingerone ameliorates tellurium induced nephrotoxicity by abating elevated serum markers in the rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Mohammad Firoz Alam ◽  
Saeed Alshahrani ◽  
Essam Alamir ◽  
Mohammad Abdurrhman Alhazmi ◽  
Tarique Anwer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sodium Tellurite ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D ◽  
Control Group Group

The present study was designed to investigate the nephrotoxicity of tellurium (Sodium tellurite) in rats through evaluating the level of kidney functional marker enzymes and its treatment with Zingerone. Rats were divided into four groups, Group-A (control group), Group-B (tellurium treated group), Group-C (tellurium + Zingerone treatment group), and Group-D (Zingerone treatment alone) and each group have six animals. Tellurium was given in Group-B and Group-C at the dose of 8.3mg/kg bodyweight daily orally for 15 days, while Zingerone of 100mg/kg body weight was given in Group-C as pre- and post-treatment orally for 15days. Group-D was given alone Zingerone of 100mg/kg bodyweight; orally for 15 days. Results revealed that tellurium administration significantly (P<0.001) increased the serum markers (ALP, BUN, Uric Acid and Creatinine) in Group-B as a compared to Group-A while the treatment with Zingerone significantly (P<0.001) decreased these elevated serum markers in Group-C as comparison to Group-B. There were no changes observed in the positive control (Zingerone administered Group-D). Thus, the present finding confirmed that the Zingerone plays a potential role in reducing nephrotoxicity against tellurium by abating elevated serum markers in rats.

Oestrous synchronization in ewes: a comparison of prostaglandin F2α tham salt with a progestagen pessary

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Henderson ◽  
J. M. Downing ◽  
N. F. G. Beck ◽  
J. L. Lees
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Group A ◽  
Single Mating ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

ABSTRACTAn experiment was designed to compare saline, prostaglandin F2α tham salt and progestagen pessaries as agents for oestrous synchronization in mature cyclic ewes maintained under normal husbandry conditions. The effect of these agents on ewe fertility and lambing performance was also assessed.One hundred and sixty Clun Forest ewes were allocated to one of four equal-sized treatment groups and received either two injections of saline given 9 days apart (group A), two injections of 10 mg (group C) or 20 mg (group D) postaglandin F2α tham salt given 9 days apart, or progestagen pessaries left in situ for 12 days (group B). Oestrous response, fertility and lambing performance were monitored thereafter. Oestrus occurred within 3 days of the end of treatment in 0·28, 0·98, 0·58 and 0·83 of ewes in groups A to D respectively, with return rates after a single mating of 0·15, 0·13, 0·25 and 0·33 respectively. There was no difference between treatments in lambing performance. These results indicate that two injections of either 10 or 20 mg prostaglandin F2α given 9 days apart is a less effective means of synchronizing oestrus in sheep than progestagen pessaries.

The Impact of Thyroid Function and TPOAb in the First Trimester on Pregnancy Outcomes: A Retrospective Study in Peking

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. e368-e380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Weijie Sun ◽  
Sainan Zhu ◽  
Youyuan Huang ◽  
Yu Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group D

Abstract Context The impact of mild TSH elevation (2.5–4.08 mIU/L) on pregnancy outcomes is unclear. The treatment strategy for mild TSH elevation is dependent on thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) status according to the guidelines. Objective To assess the effects of mild thyroid dysfunction combined with TPOAb status in the first trimester on pregnancy outcomes and the impact of levothyroxine (L-T4) treatment on pregnancy outcomes. Design The study retrospectively evaluated 3562 pregnant women. A total of 3296 untreated women were divided into 4 subgroups: group A: 4.08 &lt; TSH &lt;10 mIU/L, TPOAb+/-; group B: 2.5 &lt; TSH ≤ 4.08 mIU/L, TPOAb+; group C: 2.5 &lt; TSH ≤ 4.08 mIU/L, TPOAb–; and group D: 0.23 ≤ TSH ≤ 2.5 mIU/L, TPOAb+/-. The other 266 women with L-T4 treatment were divided into TSH 4.08 to 10 mIU/L and 2.5 to 4.08 mIU/L subgroups. Setting The study was conducted at Peking University First Hospital in China. Patients A total of 3562 pregnant women were evaluated. Main Outcome Measures The incidence of pregnancy outcomes in the untreated subgroups (groups A-D) and treated subgroups were measured. Results Miscarriage and maternal composite outcome risks were 3.53 (1.85–6.75) and 2.19 (1.26–3.81) times greater in group A; 1.58 (1.17–2.13) and 1.27 (1.04–1.54) times greater in group C than in group D. L-T4 improved the miscarriage risk in the TSH 4.08 to 10 and 2.5 to 4.08 mIU/L groups but doubled the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in the TSH 2.5 to 4.08 mIU/L treated group compared with the untreated group. Conclusions TSH 2.5 to 4.08 mIU/L combined with TPOAb– during early pregnancy was associated with miscarriages and maternal composite outcomes. The advantages and disadvantages of L-T4 administration in TSH 2.5 to 4.08 mIU/L pregnant women remain uncertain.

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