scholarly journals Developing the Language of the General Theory of Forensic Science

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
O. A. Krestovnikov
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Forensic Expert ◽  
Logical Semantic ◽  
Semantic Processes ◽  
Expert Practice

We know from experience that the language of the general theory of forensic science, like any science, is an extremely complex and diverse phenomenon. This language is characterized by specific “constructs” that arise as a result of specialized activity and can be effectively applied not only in the context of the conceptual theoretical framework of forensic science, but also by enforcement professionals in their daily practice. In order to ensure clarity, accuracy and accessibility of expressions in the language of the general theory of forensic science, to avoid polysemy of terms, vagueness and ambiguity of their content, and equivocality of expressions, special attention should be paid to the logical semantic processes in terminology inherent in this language. At the same time, questions need to be raised and addressed about the development of a general concept of terminological activity and the need to regulate and standardize both domestic and international terminology used in forensic expert practice.

scholarly journals On the Issue of Expert Terms in Forensic Linguistics

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
V. О. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
Forensic Psychology ◽  
Basic Sciences ◽  
Forensic Linguistics ◽  
Linguistic Terms ◽  
Legal Provision ◽  
Legal Concepts ◽  
Expert Practice

The article addresses the problem of using a deliberative category of “expert terms” in forensic linguistics. The issue is related to the questions of the relations between the linguistic and legal terms standing for so-called speech offenses and the use of legal concepts when wording expert tasks and conclusions. Basing on the understanding of the concept “expert terms” of the general theory of forensic science and the provisions of the theory of expert terms of forensic psychology under which the expert terms hold the position between legal and basic sciences’ concepts, an attempt is made to contemplate theoretically the category of “expert terms” as applied to the forensic linguistics. The article also shows the algorithm for developing forensic linguistic terms depending on the wording of a legal provision on examples from expert practice.  

scholarly journals Correspondence between the Terms and Defnitions of the International Standard ISO 21043-1-2018 and Terminology Developed by National Forensic Expertology

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
E. V. Chesnokova
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Legal System ◽  
International Communication ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Forensic Expert ◽  
Expert Practice

The issue of developing a uniform language for international communication in the feld of forensic science is considered. The matters of relative maturity of domestic forensic expert terminology and peculiarities of translated terms usage in forensic expertology and forensic practice are discussed. The concept of expertise subject formulated by modern leading scientists is analyzed, the conclusion is made about the subject of forensic examination as a process of establishing facts and circumstances, the purely applied nature of the concept, as well as the similarity to the defnition of expertise in the ISO international standard. Specifc examples are given. The need to translate some foreign standards into Russian and to adjust and implement several of their provisions in domestic legal system and expert practice to standardize forensic and expert activity is emphasized.

scholarly journals Types of Information Processes in Expert Activities

Russian judge ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Olga S. Zalivokhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
Separate Type ◽  
Information Processes ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Expert Practice ◽  
Communicative Activity

The article is devoted to a separate type of information processes of forensic science. The author reveals the essence, content and relationship of the processes of interpretation, communication and processing of information in relation to expert practice. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop the doctrine of the means and forms of communicative activity in the production of forensic examinations and information processes within the framework of the general theory of forensic examination.

scholarly journals Video Recorder as an Object of Forensic Expert Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-123
Author(s):  
S. A. Krutov
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Computer Forensics ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Video Recorder ◽  
Expert Analysis ◽  
Forensic Expert ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
Expert Practice

The article addresses the issues related to stationary video recorders: their types, purpose, principles of functioning, design characteristics, key components installed in these devices. The author analyses the procedure for using the video recordings from the surveillance cameras in court proceedings. He also justifies the need for comprehensive examinations when investigating stationary video recorders and points out the cases when the appointment of an examination is necessary and when a specialist inspection is enough. The paper presents a research sequence for a stationary video recorder as a computer forensics’ object. Possible questions to the expert, methods, and approaches are listed; difficulties arising during the examination are considered. The author analyzes a case study of a stationary video recorder examination from the expert practice of the laboratory of computer forensics of the Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Russian Ministry of Justice.

scholarly journals Sub-theory of Standardization of Forensic Activity in the General Theory of Forensic Science

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
E. V. Chesnokova
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Forensic Expert ◽  
Calibration Laboratories ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Theoretical Developments

The article presents the main provisions of the sub-theory of standardization in the forensic expert activity, its place in the theoretical foundations of forensic expertology, and its relationship with other sub-theories of this science.The author defines the concepts of the subject, the object of the standardization sub-theory in forensic activity, highlights its specifics. The article emphasizes the favorable impact on the development of domestic standardization in forensic activities of foreign experience in the implementation of theoretical developments on standardization, including the formation of a hierarchy of its standards. It is shown that for the development of the sub-theory of standardization in forensic science, it is advisable to use the results of the introduction of standardization mechanisms in the practice of accredited forensic laboratories under the international standard GOST ISO/IEC 17025-2019 “General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories”, taking into account the theoretical foundations of forensic science.

scholarly journals THEORY OF FORENSIC EXPERTOLOGY IN THE SYSTEM OF LAW

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Nina Klymenko
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Forensic Expertise ◽  
Science Theory ◽  
Special General ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
Expert Science ◽  
Relationship Of

The article deals with the concept of a general theory of forensic expertology, the conditions for its creation, the place of forensic expert science in the system of legal sciences, the limits of its subject matter, the issues of interaction and the relationship of the science of forensic science and forensic expertology. The system and structure of the general theory of forensic expertology and its tasks are given. Separate articles of the Criminal Procedure, Civil Procedure, Administrative, Economic, Customs and Other Codes of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine “On Forensic Expertise” of 1994 and the constitutional confirmation (article 92, paragraph 14 of the Constitution of Ukraine) of the legislative provision of forensic expertise are the further legal basis development of legal, organizational and managerial directions of forensic expertology. Forensic expertology does not only preserves the “birthmarks” of forensic science, but also, in turn, influences the dialectics of the development of the subject of forensic science and the content of its scientific fields (forensic techniques, forensic tactics and forensic methos). In particular, it requires clarifying the well-established view of the unity of forensic techniques for the investigator and expert. The first is made to collect “trace information”, the second is used for its in-depth study based on special knowledge in order to turn it into evidence-based information. Different goals are provided with different means of content. It is more accurate to raise the question of interaction, the “docking” of two, although closely related, but independent branches of scientific and technical means serving justice. The tasks of the general theory of forensic expertise (expert studies) are similar to the tasks of forensic science. They can be divided into general and special. General task is the creation of a scientific base for the purpose of the functioning and development of the industry of the use of special knowledge in examinations for the needs of legal proceedings, assistance in the fight against crime and other offenses, resolution of civil law disputes. Special task is the study of the laws of formation and development of specific types of forensic expertises, the expansion of their capabilities; development and improvement of expert technologies, tools, methods and techniques; the formation of the scientific foundations of new types of forensic expertises in connection with the emergence of new objects (computer, art history, etc.); developing expert crime prevention measures; development of an automated workplace software (AWS) for an expert of various types of research, study and implementation of advanced expert experience; forecasting expert practice processes and research tasks. Specific tasks are the up-to-date tasks that the practice puts before so the science of expert science to meet the needs that have arisen. Key words: forensic expertology, forensic expertise, legal science, theory.

scholarly journals GENERAL METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO CARRY OUT EXPERT RESEARCHES WHOSE OBJECTS ARE VARIOUS MEANS OF INDIVIDUALIZATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 362-370
Author(s):  
N. V. Kisil
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Forensic Expert ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Expert Practice

The methodological approaches to the execution of expert researches related to various means of individualization are formulated on the basis of generalizing the publications on theoretical, common methodological issues as well as on the basis of the analysis of forensic expert practice in the field of intellectual property, where the objects of research are the means of individualizing the goods, services and participants in civil circulation.

The Affordances of Second Life for Education

2010 ◽  
pp. 94-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Cunningham ◽  
Kimball Harrison
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Second Life ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Meaningful Learning ◽  
Theoretical Framework

In this chapter, the authors discuss some of the possibilities of Second Life for education from both theoretical and practical standpoints. First, they outline a general theory of meaningful learning using technology that can be applied to Second Life as well as other technologies. Then, the authors discuss some of the particular aspects of Second Life that might support meaningful learning. Next, the authors outline some of the practical realities, or obstacles, that exist to using it in the environment. Finally, they make some recommendations about how educators who are interested in exploring the possibilities of Second Life might proceed. While the chapter focuses its discussion on Second Life, the theoretical framework and even many of the examples apply to any virtual world that allows users to build persistent objects and utilize scripts.

Using X-ray diffraction in forensic science

2007 ◽  
Vol 222 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Kotrlý
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
Phase Analysis ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrd Phase Analysis ◽  
Forensic Expert ◽  
Non Destructive

The majority of expert examination in forensic science is concerned with comparison, determination, and description of diversified samples. X-ray diffraction (powdered and/or single crystal) is bringing big benefits and analytical possibilities into forensic expert work, which are not easily provided by other methods. XRD methods are used in combination with other analytical methods (SEM with EDS/WDS, micro XRF, optical microscopy, FTIR, etc.).Importance of XRD phase analysis in forensic science lies namely in: analysis of relatively small-volume samples, relatively non-destructive, exact phase analysis, quantitative analysis (in majority of cases). And method is conclusive for a court.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF FORENSIC ECONOMIC EXAMINATIONS ON THE ISSUES OF MILITARY EQUIPMENT ACCOUNTING

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Panchenko ◽  
I. Hordiyenko
Keyword(s):  
Military Equipment ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Research Objects ◽  
Forensic Expert ◽  
Military Units ◽  
Accounting Procedure ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Expert Practice

The list of military equipment needed for forensic experts work when solving the issues of munition accounting and preservation of legislative and regulatory acts which regulate accounting procedure, circulation and write-off of munition, is provided in the article. The list of military equipment which according to its characteristics belongs to military is specified. Ensuring safety of classified information has been highlighted in cases provided by legislation and separate accounting of survival kit military equipment which is intended for use while special cases and peace time in long-term storage in military units, from other military equipment. It is specified that military equipment accounting is conducted both in peacetime and while particular time at facilities of military (ship) administration, services of providing bodies of military management, services of military units and formations, in warehouses, bases, arsenals according to requirements of regulatory legal acts of the Ministry of Defence. Peculiarities of accounting inherent in this field are outlined. Results of the forensic expert practice from the Sumy branch of KhRIFE are outlined. Research objects are identified and a range of powers granted to forensic experts while conducting forensic economic examination related to resolving issues regarding documentary confirmation of the established facts of shortage, embezzlement, replacement, unjustified write-off and surplus of military equipment is defined.

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