scholarly journals Global warming and change in the conditions of crop production practices in the Middle Cis-Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 826-834
Author(s):  
A. M. Lentochkin ◽  
T. A. Babaytseva
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Production Practices

The aim of the research is to establish a possible change in the temperature regime of recent years (2016-2020) as compared to the long-term average annual values of the Izhevsk weather station and the assessment of the effect of this change on the specific features of crop production practices in the Middle Cis-Urals. Statistical method, comparison and analysis were used during the research. It has been established, that in the Middle Cis-Urals for the recent five years the warming has been recorded: the sum of temperatures higher than +10 оС has increased by 70 оС on the average and reached 2138 оС that provides growing the varieties of early-ripening and mid-season spring cereals. Every vegetation period is characterized by its own specific features, positive and negative deviations from the long-term average annual values both over the whole period and during some of its intervals. The rise in the sum of temperatures resulted in the 4 days earlier transition of the average daily temperature in spring over +5 оС , in autumn it led to 2 days later transition, that made the vegetation period by 6 days longer. It provides an earlier vegetative renewal in spring and a later stop in vegetation of winter crops as well as the possibility of an earlier start of field work with spring crops in spring. The calculations have proved that between the grain yield of spring wheat varieties and the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) indicator there are different kinds of correlative relationships – neutral, average and strong positive ones. However, between the average yield of spring wheat grain on the farms of all categories in the Udmurt Republic and HTC, a strong positive correlative relationship (r = +0.73) has been established.

Crop production research in multifunctional agriculture

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Berzsenyi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Long Term Experiments ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Production Research ◽  
Set Up

The research agenda for crop science in the 21st century will depend largely on whether the present conditions regarding the global food surplus continue, or whether a food scarcity recurs. Crop production research is based chiefly on small-plot field experiments, the majority of which are either long-term experiments or experiments set up to investigate the specific agronomic responses of Martonvásár maize hybrids and wheat varieties. The sustainability of crop production is examined in long-term experiments. The agronomic responses of maize hybrids and wheat varieties are studied at various levels of biological organisation. Growth analysis facilitates the exact characterisation of agronomic responses and the grouping of response effects and types using multivariable methods. Continued experimentation coupled with crop simulation models and decision support systems are an ever more useful framework for analysing the complexity of agricultural systems.

Significance of the 50-year-old long-term experiments in Martonvásár in improving crop production

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Berzsenyi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Present Generation ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
Long Term Experiments ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Set Up

Long-term experiments are indispensable for investigations on the long-term effects of various crop production methods and technologies. The long-term experiments set up in Martonvásár by Béla Győrffy are now 50 years old and can be considered as part of the national heritage. The most important of these experiments involve crop rotation vs. monoculture trials, the comparison of fertilisation systems, studies on the interactions and carry-over effects of organic and mineral fertilisers, fertiliser rate experiments and polyfactorial experiments. The long-term experiments in Martonvásár form an integral part of maize and wheat research and provide a place for testing the agronomic responses of maize hybrids and wheat varieties. Valuable scientific results are obtained from these experiments regarding the reasons for yield depression in monocultures, the yieldincreasing effect of crop rotations, the comparative benefits of organic and mineral fertilisation, the agronomic responses of genotypes, the sustainability and yield stability of crop production techniques, and the interaction between various crop production factors. These results promote the improvement of maize and wheat production and are regularly incorporated into recommendation systems. The present generation of scientists has a responsibility to maintain these experiments, so that they can continue to serve their purpose in the coming decades.

Effect of Drought and Recovery on Microbial, Fungal, and Crop Response in a Diverse Multi-Crop Rotation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songul Senturklu ◽  
Douglas Landblom ◽  
Joshua Steffan
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Fungal Activity ◽  
The Usa

<p>Soil nutrient availability is essential for adequate crop production and drought conditions that result in abnormally low amounts of precipitation for extended periods of time have a substantial impact on soil microbial activity and therefore nutrient cycling. The northern Great Plains region of the USA suffered an extended period of time in which effective precipitation for crop production was severely reduced and based on the USA Drought Monitor the drought during the growing season from April through October 2017 was classified as exceptional drought. At the NDSU – Dickinson Research Extension Center, a long-term integrated system that includes a diverse multi-crop rotation (spring wheat, cover crop, corn, pea-barley intercrop, and sunflower), beef cattle grazing of the pea-barley, corn, and a 13-specie cover crop within the rotation, is being utilized to monitor the effects soil microbial and fungal activity have on production over time and space in this crop and animal production system. Moreover, the overall effects of increased soil health indices on production are being monitored. Research results have previously been reported showing that soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization has resulted in reduced nitrogen fertilizer application. Regression analysis of SOM and potential nitrogen mineralization suggests that 8.4 mg N/kg are mineralized for each 1% increase in SOM. However, during periods of restricted precipitation on rain-fed crops, soil microbial respiration and fungal activity are negatively impacted, and crop production and animal grazing days are sharply reduced. Soil microbial biomass was correlated to overall production with the exception of spring wheat in rotation which may be due to increased water use by the previous crop (sunflower). Further analysis indicated that most soil microbial organisms recovered two years post drought with the exception of Rhizobia spp. populations which did not recover two years post drought. However, compared to the pre-drought 2016 production year, overall crop production yields had not fully recovered by 2019. Compared to the 2016 crop production, overall crop production in the rotation was reduced 64% in 2017, recovered to 54% of 2016 in 2018, and recovered to 66% of 2016 by the 2019 crop year. Whether crop yields are on par with 2016 by the end of the 2020 crop year is still to be determined. These yield observations point to the amount of time needed to fully recover from the long-term effects of exceptional drought on crop production.</p>

scholarly journals The influence of local climate change on the productivity of spring cereals in the Kirov region

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-253
Author(s):  
I. V. Lyskova ◽  
O. E. Sukhoveeva ◽  
T. V. Lyskova
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Spring Cereals

On the basis of long-term meteorological data and research results in a long-term stationary experiment of 1971-2020 a retrospective analysis of changes in air temperature and precipitation in the eastern region of the central climatic zone of the Kirov region was carried out and the influence of these characteristics on the dynamics of the yield of spring cereals was estimated. It has been established that the average annual air temperature during the research period was 2.4±1.0 °C. At the same time, its stable positive trend was observed at the rate of 0.39 °С /10 years. Two decades from 2001 to 2020 were recorded as the warmest for 50 years, when the temperature was 0.7...2.6 °C above climate normal. Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient (0.7...2.1) testifies to the contrasting conditions of humidification of the vegetation periods during the research years – from drought to excessively humidified. In a long-term experiment, the yield of spring cereals increased in the row wheat – barley – oats: 2.17±0.86, 3.04±0.61, 3.39±0.65 t/ha, respectively. Strong correlations were marked between the average yield (spring wheat) and weather conditions in June: reverse with air temperature (rр = -0.735) and direct with the amount of precipitation (rр = 0.686). It has been established that the use of phosphorus fertilizers (and their aftereffect) in combination with nitrogen-potassium fertilizers weakened the influence of weather conditions on the productivity of spring wheat: the determination coefficients (R2), which reflect the portion of variability due to weather conditions, were 0.59-0.73 for the variant without fertilizers and decreased to 0.50-0.56 when applying NP3K.

Effect of sowing date on the weed infestation of winter wheat a in long-term experiment

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
P. Bónis ◽  
F. Balázs ◽  
J. Balázs ◽  
T. Kismányoky
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Weed Infestation

Detailed coenological studies were made at four developmental stages during the vegetation period in three sowing date variants in a long-term multifactorial experiment carried out in the Crop Production Institute of Pannon University. Both experimental years had poor rainfall supplies. The Balázs-Ujvárosi scoring method was used to register the extent of weed infestation and how it changed over the vegetation period. Both the wheat grain yield and the level of weed infestation were greatly influenced by the sowing date. Averaged over the two years, the largest volume of weeds was recorded in March. After the wheat started shooting, the weeds were suppressed. The three sowing dates had the greatest effect on weed growth from the stage of initial development to shooting. After late sowing, the smallest number of weeds was observed during this period in both years. By the time the crop matured the level of weed infestation had changed, with the largest number of weeds in the late-sown variant, where the wheat did not form a closed canopy. Averaged over all samplings in both years, the following five species had the highest abundance: Stellaria media (4.86%), Veronica hederifolia (3.38%), Papaver rhoeas (1.97%), Capsella bursa pastoris (1.41%), Matricaria maritima (0.96%).

scholarly journals Comparison of Soil Bacterial Communities from Juvenile Maize Plants of a Long-Term Monoculture and a Natural Grassland

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gergely Ujvári ◽  
Andrea K. Borsodi ◽  
Melinda Megyes ◽  
Márton Mucsi ◽  
Tibor Szili-Kovács ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Catabolic Activity ◽  
Natural Grassland

Nowadays, one of the most important challenges is to ensure sustainable agricultural management of crops such as maize (Zea mays L.). Long-term crop production, however, may influence the soil properties, the composition and activity of microbial communities. The aim of this study was to compare the catabolic activity and taxonomic diversity of bacterial communities inhabiting the soil of a non-fertilized maize monoculture and a natural grassland. Samples were taken from the horizons A and C in the first part of the vegetation period. MicroResp™ technique was used to explore the catabolic potential of microbial communities and next generation amplicon sequencing to reveal the bacterial diversity. Based on the catabolic activity results, higher differences were revealed among the soil horizons than the different land uses. The highest degree carbon source utilization was detected in the soil horizon A of the natural grassland. The taxonomic composition of bacterial communities was dominated by Proteobacteria. The relative abundance of other dominant phyla (Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, Gemmatimonadetes, Chloroflexi and Patescibacteria) varied according to both the land use and soil depth. Amplicon sequences belonging to genera of r-strategist “copiotrophic” and K-strategist “oligotrophic” bacteria were identified from the soils of both maize monoculture and grassland.

scholarly journals Long-Term Assessment Of Rice Production Scenario In Bangladesh: A Macro Dynamics

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Shahe Alam ◽  
MA Islam
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Cultivable Land ◽  
Remarkable Progress

Despite high pressure of population on land and other natural resources, Bangladesh has made remarkable progress in food production over the last three and a half decades. The shrinking trend in land availability for crop production is another challenge ahead of the economy. The declining trend in cultivable land was quite sharp in the period of 1990 to 2005. Although the population has doubled, cereal food production has increased in the range of 100-125% during this period. The progress is the result of development and dissemination of modern high-yielding rice and wheat varieties supported by favourable public policies. There has been impressive technological advancement in the rice sector. Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) made substantial contribution in the recent past and a total of 59 modern high yielding rice varieties (HYVs) suitable for different production ecologies have been released after independence in 1972. Although the progress in variety development was slower during the seventies and eightees, it was triggered up in the later decades and a quantum of achievement was made after 2000. The rate of varietal development was almost double in the last quarter of the decades compared to that made in the seventees. During the period of 1972 to 1980, the share of modern rice in total production was only 29%, but by the year 1985, it increased to 41% and jumped to nearly 90% by 2010 implying a highly impressive contribution of the diffusion of modern rice technologies in the overall supply of cereal foods in the country. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(2): 257-269, June 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i2.15889

scholarly journals Mode of atmospheric connection of soil Volynes in the modern climate condition

2017 ◽  
pp. 322-330
Author(s):  
Nina Tarasyuk ◽  
Mаryana Hanushchak
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Instrumental Observations ◽  
Instrumental Period ◽  
Annual Amount

The article a nalyzes in detail the dynamics of atmospheric precipitation for the entire instrumental period of observations in the territory of the Volyn region at six meteorological stations. The deviation in the parameters of the amount of precipitation in the long-term regime and the climate norm are revealed. For the entire period of observations in the region, the annual amount of precipitation is characterized by significant fluctuations. The highest precipitation was recorded in 2008 (779 mm), the smallest – in 1961 (319 mm). The differences of atmospheric moisture in recent years have been analyzed. It is established that under the conditions of hemodern climates ince the mid-80s of the twentieth century the rehas been a steady in crease in the annual amount of precipitation throughout the Volyn region, which leads to a change in the environmental environment of the formation of the water regime of soils of different granulometric composition. Atmospheric precipitation is a source of replenish men to moisture in the soil, causing water availability of plants. The amount of atmospheric precipitation and the mode of their fallout are of ten the cause of unfavourable conditions in crop production, horticulture, and forestry. Conditions of atmospheric humidification in the vegetation period are characterized. The changes in the amount of precipitation during the growing season in different time slices are analyzed based on the data of instrumental observations and published data of the late 50 of the last century and the beginning of the 21 century in the Agro-climatic reference books. Hydrothermal coefficient of Selyaninov is calculated and its spatial and temporal differences are established. For the first time, the manifestation of climatic changes in the study area and the regional features of the dynamics of atmospheric humidification are shown. The increase in the annual amount of precipitation and its distribution in the warm period of the year in creases the risks of intensifying soil degradation, and therefore the research can be widely used in the study of changes inwater regime and the determination of moisture sources in the soils of the Volyn region. There sultsof the study will be useful for the practice of plant growing and horti culture in agriculture, as well as for forestry, protected areas, which are the canters for the conservation of Polissya biodiversity. Key words: precipitation, long-term dynamics, global and regional climate changes, vegetation period, hydrothermal coefficient of Selyaninov, dry period duration.

scholarly journals A study of new varieties of spring wheat selected at Far Eastern State Agrarian University in crop variety nurseries

2020 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
Larisa Mishenko ◽  
Mikhail Terekhin ◽  
Nikolai Terekhin
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Eastern State ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Far Eastern

The most important provision for ensuring high, stable spring wheat yields is the cultivation of new varieties, adapted to local agricultural conditions. Amur region’s specific climate and rapid development of fungal diseases during the vegetation period require particular crop varieties that are resistant to adverse factors. To create a variety that combines several targeted parameters that are stably manifested under different vegetation conditions in different years is a difficult and troublesome task since in many cases the needed features have an inverse dependence. The following paper presents the results of a three-year study of new varieties of spring wheat from cultivation nurseries. The data of field studies on the height of plants and their resistance to lodging and diseases, the duration of vegetation season, and productivity are presented. The analysis of grain quality of new varieties of wheat from Far Eastern State Agrarian University selection for hardness, natural weight, and kernel size was conducted. Most of the studied cultivation samples are medium-sized, quite resistant to lodging, successfully withstanding significant soil excessive moistening. Against natural infection background, some varieties are resistant to such dangerous, widespread infections as dust-brand, grain fusariose, and kernel black point of grain. Varieties with yields above standard, which can be classified by the quality of grain as valuable and strong wheat were identified. As part of the analysis of obtained data on several economically valuable traits, four promising spring wheat varieties can be distinguished to recommend them for the federal variety test: KSI-6, 13, 17, 18.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SPRING WHEAT VARIETIES ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Николай Малов ◽  
Nikolay Malov
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Phenological Phases

The article deals with the growth and development of spring wheat plants, depending on the variety in the conditions of the Chuvash Republic. The rate and rhythm of development of field crops, the time of onset of phenological phases and the duration of the vegetation period generally determine the hereditary nature of plant varieties and the cumulative effect of all factors of plant life. A variety is a biological foundation on which all other elements of high productivity are built and one of the main factors of stable production of spring wheat grain. Strong and valuable varieties of spring wheat with a high potential yield, good responsiveness to mineral fertilizers and changes in agrotechnics during cultivation, resistant to unfavorable weather conditions during the vegetative period of plants, lodging, diseases, forming strong grain quality are used for cultivation. In this case, the variety is considered as the cheapest and available means of increasing the productivity of plants. In our studies for all the years of research, the onset of phenological phases of development depended on both varietal features, meteorological conditions during the vegetative period of plants and the biological characteristics of the varieties under study.

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