scholarly journals Implant-related artifacts around metallic and bio-integrative screws: a CT scan 3D Hounsfield unit assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Christian VandeLune ◽  
Tutku Tazegul ◽  
Samuel J Ahrenholz ◽  
Caleb Iehl ◽  
Victoria Vivtcharenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Hounsfield Unit ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Hounsfield Units ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Metallic Implants ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Surrounding Bone ◽  
Control Study

Objective: To assess the degree of implant-related artifacts (IRA) around metallic and bio-integrative (BI) cannulated screws using Hounsfield units (HU) on computed tomography (CT). Our hypothesis was that BI implants would demonstrate significantly decreased IRA around the inserted screws. Methods: In this cadaveric CT imaging study, we used 2 below-knee specimens. Medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy was performed, and the specimens were fixed with either metallic or BI screws. HU values were measured over 4 different lines that crossed the osteotomy position. Results: The mean HU value was decreased in the BI implants compared to the metallic ones in 3 different positions: near the screw, directly over the screw, and inside the screw cannula. At the line placed 1 cm dorsal to the screw, the HU value for the metallic screw was lower than that for the BI screw. Conclusions: We found metallic implants to demonstrate significantly increased HU values in regions close to the implant and significantly decreased values 1 cm away from the implant, when compared to the BI screw. The decreased HU values 1 cm away from the implant could be due to a shielding effect of the surrounding bone, hindering the assessment of union and healing. BI implants represent an alternative to decrease these IRA effects. Level of Evidence III; Case-Control Study.

scholarly journals Salivary Metabolic Hormones as Biomarkers of Childhood Obesity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiny Lizia Manohar ◽  
Hemamalini Arambakkam Janardhanam ◽  
Latha Ravichandran
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Metabolic Hormones ◽  
Obesity Research ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Study

Abstract PurposeObesity is a major threat to the health and development of children. While hormones in serum samples have been extensively investigated in childhood obesity research, our study attempts to explore salivary metabolic hormones as biomarkers of childhood obesity.MethodsObese (n=83) and non-obese (n=83) school children aged 6-11 years were recruited as cases and controls, respectively, for this case-control study. Salivary concentrations of the hormones, Ghrelin, Leptin, Adiponectin and Insulin were assessed and compared between obese and non-obese children to evaluate their role in childhood obesity.Results The mean ghrelin (1.69 ± 0.38) and adiponectin (95627.56 ± 64915.04) levels of the non-obese children were higher than the mean values of the obese, while the mean values of the hormones leptin (265.95 ± 83.16) and insulin (224.56 ± 184.86) were found to be higher among the obese. Higher levels of the hormones insulin (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.05-1.12) and leptin (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.02-1.04) posed higher risks for childhood obesity, followed by adiponectin, which was found to be lower among the cases (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.99995-0.99998) which increased the risk of childhood obesity.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the efficacy of saliva as a promising non-invasive tool in childhood obesity research and highlights the significance of appetite regulatory hormones as biomarkers of childhood obesity.Level of evidenceLevel III, Case-control study.

Synchronous microsurgical anastomosis in complex replantation surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1044-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szu-Han Wang ◽  
Chung-Chen Hsu ◽  
Chieh-Han John Tzou ◽  
Ching-Hsuan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Case Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Microsurgical Technique ◽  
Total Operation Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Study

We conducted a retrospective case control study of digital replantations in 16 patients from September 2015 to January 2017. Half of the patients were treated by a synchronous microsurgical technique and the other half underwent conventional micro-anastomoses. The total time for anastomoses, total operation time and survival of digits were the major endpoints in this study. The number of digits replanted and the anastomosis method had significant effects on total anastomosis time. The mean anastomosis time for each digit was 46 min and 70 min in the synchronous and conventional groups, respectively, a 34% reduction in anastomosis time in the synchronous group when compared with the conventional group. Patency rates were 87% (13/15) of all the digits replanted in each group. Level of evidence: IV

Rorschach Characteristics in Adolescents with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Santoantonio ◽  
L. Yazigi ◽  
E. I. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Control Study

The purpose of this study was to investigate the personality characteristics in adolescents with SLE. The research design is a case-control study by means of the Rorschach Method and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale. Study group: 30 female adolescents with lupus, 12–17 years of age. The SLE Disease Activity Index was administered during the period of psychological evaluation. Control group: 32 nonpatient adolescents were matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic level. In the Wechsler Intelligence Scale the mean IQ of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (77 and 98, respectively, p < .001). In the Rorschach, the lupus patients showed greater difficulty in interpersonal interactions, although they displayed the resources to process affect and to cope with stressful situations. A positive moderate correlation (p = .069) between the activity index of the disease and the affect constriction proportion of the Rorschach was observed: the higher the SLEDAI score, the lower the capacity to process affect. There is a negative correlation between the activity index of the disease and the IQ (p = .001): with a higher activity index of the disease, less intellectual resources are available.

Association of Serum Homocysteine Level and Interstitial Lung Disease in Systemic Sclerosis: A Case-control Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
Mohammadali Nazarinia ◽  
Asghar Zare ◽  
Mohammad javad Fallahi ◽  
Mesbah Shams
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Homocysteine Level ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lung Involvement ◽  
Serum Homocysteine ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Study

Background:Systemic sclerosis is a disorder of connective tissue with unknown cause, affecting the skin and internal organs, characterized by fibrotic changes.Objective:To determine the correlation between serum homocysteine level and interstitial lung involvement in systemic sclerosis. </P><P> Materials and Methods: In this case – control study, 59 patients who fulfilled the ACR/EULAR classification criteria for systemic sclerosis and were referred to Hafez Hospital of Shiraz, Iran, were included as the case group. Fifty nine healthy subjects were involved as the control group. Patients were divided into two groups based on interstitial lung involvement and two subtypes, diffuse and limited type. Serum homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate levels compared between the controls, and cases groups.Results:Of 59 case and control group, 53 (%89.8) were female and the mean age did not differ in both groups (P=0.929). Thirty five (%59.3) patients had interstitial lung involvement and 38(%64.4) had diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. The mean serum homocysteine level was 13.9±6.3 µmol/L in the case and 13.7±9.2 µmol/L in the control group (P=0.86). The mean serum homocysteine level did not differ between the patients with and without interstitial lung involvement (P=0.52). The patients with lung involvement was older than those without lung involvement (P=0.004). Lung disease was more common in diffuse type (P=0.014).Conclusion:In our study, serum homocysteine level did not differ between the patients and healthy subjects. Also, there was no correlation between serum homocysteine level and lung involvement, but lung involvement was more common in older patients and also diffuse subtype.

scholarly journals Risk factors of dengue fever in an urban area in Vietnam: a case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thang Nguyen-Tien ◽  
Duy Cuong Do ◽  
Xuan Luat Le ◽  
Thi Hai Dinh ◽  
Mats Lindeborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dengue Prevention ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Dengue is a mosquito-borne flavivirus present in many metropolitan cities of tropical countries. Methods During and after the dengue season (September 2018 to January 2019), we conducted a case-control study in order to determine the risk factors for dengue fever in Hanoi city, Vietnam. 98 dengue patients and 99 patients with other acute infections, such as Hepatitis B virus infection, were recruited at Department of Infectious Disease of Bach Mai national hospital in Hanoi. Patients were interviewed using a structured questionnaire covering demographic, housing, environmental factors and knowledge, attitude, and practice on dengue prevention and control. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine the risk factors of dengue status. Results The mean score of knowledge items and practice items was only 7.9 out of total 19 points and 3.9 out of total 17 points, respectively. While the mean score of attitude items was 4.8 out of total 6 points. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that older patients had lesser risk of getting dengue infection as compared to younger adults aged 16–30, and patients living in peri-urban districts were less likely to suffer of dengue fever than patients living in central urban districts (OR = 0.31; 95% CI 0.13–0.75). This study could not find any association with occupation, water storage habit, knowledge, attitude, or practice on dengue prevention. Conclusions All patients had a relatively low level of knowledge and practice on dengue prevention and control. However, the attitude of the participants was good. We found that age group and living district were the risk factors correlated with the dengue status. Communication programs on raising dengue awareness should be repeated all year round and target particular groups of adolescents, younger adults, landlords and migrants from other provinces to improve their knowledge and encourage them to implement preventive measures against dengue fever.

Distal Tibiofibular Syndesmotic Widening in Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity

2021 ◽  
pp. 107110072098290
Author(s):  
Elijah Auch ◽  
Nacime Salomao Barbachan Mansur ◽  
Thiago Alexandre Alves ◽  
Christopher Cychosz ◽  
Francois Lintz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Foot Deformity ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Valgus Instability ◽  
Retrospective Comparative Study ◽  
Control Study

Background: Lateral overload in progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD) takes place as hindfoot valgus, peritalar subluxation, and valgus instability of the ankle increase. Fibular strain due to chronic lateral impingement may lead to distraction forces over the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis (DTFS). This study aimed to assess and correlate the severity of the foot and ankle offset (FAO) as a marker of progressive PCFD with the amount of DTFS widening and to compare it to controls. Methods: In this case-control study, 62 symptomatic patients with PCFD and 29 controls who underwent standing weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT) examination were included. Two fellowship-trained blinded orthopedic foot and ankle surgeons performed FAO (%) and DTFS area measurements (mm2). DTFS was assessed semiautomatically on axial-plane WBCT images, 1 cm proximal to the apex of the tibial plafond. Values were compared between patients with PCFD and controls, and Spearman correlation between FAO and DTFS area measurements was assessed. P values of less than .05 were considered significant. Results: Patients with PCFD demonstrated significantly increased FAO and DTFS measurements in comparison to controls. A mean difference of 6.9% ( P < .001) in FAO and 10.4 mm2 ( P = .026) in DTFS was observed. A significant but weak correlation was identified between the variables, with a Þ of 0.22 ( P = .03). A partition predictive model demonstrated that DTFS area measurements were highest when FAO values were between 7% and 9.3%, with mean (SD) values of 92.7 (22.4) mm2. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this was the first study to assess syndesmotic widening in patients with PCFD. We found patients with PCFD to demonstrate increased DTFS area measurements compared to controls, with a mean difference of approximately 10 mm2. A significantly weak positive correlation was found between FAO and DTFS area measurements, with the highest syndesmotic widening occurring when FAO values were between 7% and 9.3%. Our study findings suggest that chronic lateral impingement in patients with PCFD can result in a negative biomechanical impact on syndesmotic alignment, with increased DTFS stress and subsequent widening. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.

The misoprostol vaginal insert compared with oral misoprostol for labor induction in term pregnancies: a pair-matched case-control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Döbert ◽  
Aleke Brandstetter ◽  
Wolfgang Henrich ◽  
Tamina Rawnaq ◽  
Hendrik Hasselbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Labor Induction ◽  
Oral Misoprostol ◽  
Arterial Ph ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

AbstractAim:To compare the efficacy and safety of the misoprostol vaginal insert (MVI) with an off-label use of oral misoprostol (OM).Methods:Pair-matched case-control study comparing the induction of labor with a retrievable MVI to OM. The primary outcomes were the time from induction to delivery and the cesarean section rate. Secondary outcomes included uterine tachysystole, tocolysis, fetal scalp blood testing, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, umbilical arterial pH, and Apgar score.Results:One hundred and thirty eight women ≥37/0 weeks pregnant undergoing labor induction with misoprostol were included. The mean time from application to delivery was significantly shorter and the caesarean section rate significantly higher in the MVI group (P<0.01) with an odds ratio of 2.75 (95% CI: 1.21–6.25) in favor of vaginal delivery in the OM group. The mean 5-min Apgar scores and arterial cord pH values were significantly lower in the MVI group. An arterial pH value of 7.10–7.19 was found in 26.1% and 15.9%, and a value <7.10 was found in 4.3% and 0% of MVI and OM cases, respectively.Conclusion:The MVI compared with OM significantly shortened the time from application to delivery at the expense of a higher cesarean section rate and negative effects on neonatal outcomes.

scholarly journals Acne and psychiatric comorbidities in Lomé (Togo): case-control study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayaki SAKA ◽  
Julienne TECLESSOU ◽  
Abla Sefako AKAKPO ◽  
Abas MOUHARI-TOURE ◽  
Panawè KASSANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidities ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Objectif The aim of this study was to investigate psychiatric comorbidities (depression and anxiety) associated with acne in dermatology in Lomé (Togo). Material and methods We conducted a case-control study between July 2017 and February 2018. Each case was matched to two controls by sex and age (± 5 years). The ECLA grid was used for the clinical evaluation of acne, and the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 questionnaires were used for respective screening of anxiety and depression. Results We recruited, with their consent, 900 subjects including 300 patients and 600 matched to two controls according to sex and age (± 5 years). The mean age of the cases was 23.7±5.7 years and that of the controls was 23.6 ± 6.2 years, with no difference between the two groups (p = 0.9362). The overall severity score for acne according to the ECLA grid ranged from 2 to 28 points. The severity of acne was not correlated with anxiety scores (GAD-7: r = -0.02; p = 0.6724) and depression (PHQ-9: r = 0.11; p = 0.0567). The GAD-7 questionnaire allowed us to note 72 cases of anxiety (24%) among our patients and 37 cases among our controls (6.2%). The mean GAD-7 score in the cases was 6.5±4.9 compared with 2.9±3.8 in the controls (p <0.0001). Similarly, the PHQ-9 questionnaire allowed us to detect 92 cases of depression (30.7%) among our patients and 82 cases of depression among our controls (13.7%). The average of the PHQ 9 score in the cases was 7.2 ± 5.2 versus 4.0 ± 4.7 in the controls (p <0.0001). Conclusion: Depression and anxiety are significantly associated with acne, regardless of severity. It is important to look for them in any patient admitted for acne, for a psychological / psychiatric decision.

scholarly journals Does Parkinson's Disease Increase the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation? Insights From Electrocardiogram and Risk Scores From a Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Alves ◽  
Ana Mafalda Abrantes ◽  
Gonçalo Portugal ◽  
M. Manuela Cruz ◽  
Sofia Reimão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Wave Duration ◽  
P Wave Duration ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Study

Background: Previous studies suggested that Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients could have an increased risk of atrial fibrillation. However, data supporting this association is not robust. We aimed to compare the potential risk of atrial fibrillation associated with PD in an age and gender matched case-control study, comparing the p-wave indexes from electrocardiograms and clinical risk scores among groups.Methods: A cross-sectional case-control study was performed. All subjects included in the analysis were clinically evaluated and subjected to a 12-lead electrocardiogram. Two blinded independent raters measured the p-wave duration. Subjects were classified as having normal P-wave duration (&lt;120 ms), partial IAB (P-wave duration ≥ 120 ms, positive in inferior leads), and advanced IAB (p-wave duration ≥ 120 ms with biphasic morphology in inferior leads). Atrial fibrillation risk scores (CHARGE-AF, HATCH, and HAVOC) were calculated.Results: From 194 potential participants, three were excluded from the control group due to a previous diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. Comparing the PD patients (n = 97) with controls (n = 95), there were no statistically significant differences regarding the mean p-wave duration (121 ms vs. 122 ms, p = 0.64) and proportion of advanced interatrial block (OR = 1.4, 95%CI = 0.37–5.80, p = 0.58). All patients had a low or medium risk of developing atrial fibrillation based on the clinical scores. There were no differences between the PD patients and controls regarding the mean values of CHARGE-AF, HATCH, and HAVOC.Conclusions: Our results do not support the hypothesis that PD patients have an increased risk of atrial fibrillation based on the p-wave predictors and atrial fibrillation clinical scores.

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