scholarly journals Optimalisasi sistem tata udara gedung perkantoran bertingkat dengan metode six sigma (Studi kasus gedung PT.Bank Aceh cabang Lhokseumawe)

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Syamsuar Syamsuar
Keyword(s):  
Six Sigma ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Transmission Factor ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Air System ◽  
Six Sigma Approach

The use of energy in the air system of PT. Bank Aceh Lhokseumawe branch annually averages 60 - 75% of total energy consumption in buildings. The purpose of this research is to optimize energy use in air system continuously using Six Sigma approach. The six sigma approach is expected to reduce the cost of using the air system system without neglecting the comfort level according to the national comfort standard (SNI). The problem faced by the air system is the existence of over cooling load (over cooling load), the value reaches the figure beyond the initial 60,000 watts planning capacity. The calculation results obtained actual average cooling load reached 75,580.3 watts. It is known that the cooling overload is caused by several factors, namely: the quantity of occupant / human, the air ventilation factor, the management factor of electric appliances usage, the lighting factor, and the solar radiation / transmission factor. Solutions to improve the air conditioning system by minimizing the factors that cause over cooling load. The results of the improvement get a cooling load of 57,340.9 watts which means savings of 24.2%, or monthly electrical energy savings of 4,428.324 kwh / month or equivalent to 50,739.888 kwh / year. Keywords: cooling load, six sigma, optimization, critical to quality

Analysis of Electrical Energy Savings From Daylighting Through Skylights

Solar Energy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelkarim Nemri ◽  
Moncef Krarti
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Energy Saving Potential ◽  
Lighting Energy ◽  
The Impact

This paper provides a simplified analysis tool to assess the energy saving potential of daylighting for commercial buildings through skylights. Specifically, the impact of daylighting is investigated for various fenestration opening sizes, glazing types, control strategies, and geographic locations. A top floor of a prototypical office building has been considered in the analysis. The results obtained for the office building can be applied to other types of buildings such as retails stores, schools, and warehouses. Based on the simulation analysis results, it was determined that skylight to floor ratio more than 0.3 does not affect significantly the lighting energy savings. An optimum value of skylight to floor area ratio was found to be 0.2 to minimize the annual total building energy use.

scholarly journals Improving Energy Conservation Using Six Sigma Methodology at Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences (FSKM), Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Shah Alam

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Hidayah binti Mohd Razali ◽  
Wan Mohamad Asyraf Bin Wan Afthanorhan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Six Sigma ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy Consumption ◽  
Pareto Chart ◽  
Mathematical Sciences ◽  
Six Sigma Methodology ◽  
Electrical Consumption ◽  
Six Sigma Approach

Electrical consumption is increasing rapidly in Malaysia due to the sustenance of a modern economy way of living. Recently, the Vice Chancellor of University Technology MARA, Tan Sri Dato’ Professor Ir Dr Sahol Hamid Abu Bakar has shown a great deal of concern regarding the high electrical energy consumption in UiTM’s main campus in Shah Alam. This study seeks to evaluate the factors that contribute to high electrical energy consumption in the Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences (FSKM), UiTM using the Six Sigma methodology and to compare electrical energy consumptions before and after the EC (Energy Conservation) initiative campaign. Many companies worldwide continue to achieve improvements in business performance using the Six Sigma approach. The electrical consumption from January 2011 until December 2013 was analyzed using five stages of Six Sigma which is Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control (DMAIC). The total electrical consumption for 2011 was 1, 648, 791 kwH (RM 514,422.79) and 1, 657, 808 kwH (RM 517, 236.10) in 2012 which is an increase of 0.5% (RM 2813.31 or 9017 kwH). From the results obtained, Pareto chart shows that air-conditioner (57%) is the major factor that contributes to high consumption of electricity, followed by lightings (22%), sockets (16%) and others (5%). The electrical consumption was almost doubled when the new semester begun. After the campaign, there was a reduction of 2% in electrical consumption. This study has successfully implemented Six Sigma methodology which involves a systematic DMAIC process to evaluate electrical consumption in FSKM.

scholarly journals Analysis of Energy Use and Energy Savings: A Case Study of a Condiment Industry in India

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4798
Author(s):  
Khan Rahmat Ullah ◽  
Marudhappan Thirugnanasambandam ◽  
Rahman Saidur ◽  
Kazi Akikur Rahman ◽  
Md. Riaz Kayser
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Variable Speed Drives ◽  
Speed Reduction

Electric motors and boilers lead the industrial components which consume the largest portion of energy in an industry. This study explores the energy audit data of the condiment industry in India. The study mainly focuses on the estimation of the load factor, energy use, energy savings and annual bill savings with payback period of the electric motors of the plant. During the audit, it was found that there were several motors running under loaded conditions despite non-availability of variable speed drives installed in the plant. Therefore, variable speed drives are recommended to be installed to save energy by reducing the motors speed by up to 60%. According to the estimation, about 276 MWh, 551 MWh and 827 MWh electrical energy can be saved for 20%, 40% and 60% speed reduction of the motors using variable speed drives, respectively, where in most of the cases the payback period remains below 1 year. Furthermore, some suggestions are made to improve the poor power factor of running motors by using capacitor banks to save the reactive power. Besides, an estimation of energy saving is performed with a 2-ton capacity boiler. Since, there was no heat recovery system in the boiler; an air-preheater is suggested to be installed at the end of flue gas exhausting path of the boiler with the purpose of saving 68 tons of fuel per annum and having a payback period of 12 months. Moreover, a digital monitoring system, namely, “The Smart Joules” has been proposed to be installed in the plant aiming at saving about 3–5% of total energy per annum and having a payback period of 19 months. Finally, a summarization is made concluding in the fact that about 90 MWh energy and 95 tons of fuel can be saved (excluding motor energy savings) per annum by implementing proposed measures with a payback period of 15 months.

Analysis of photovoltaic arrays efficiency for reduction of building cooling load in hot climates

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 733-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zubair ◽  
Ahmed Bilal Awan ◽  
Praveen RP
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Shading Effect ◽  
Photovoltaic Arrays ◽  
Electrical Energy Production ◽  
Building Cooling ◽  
Cooling Loads

This research work presents shading of building in hot and dry climate areas using rooftop photovoltaic arrays. Electrical power generation using photovoltaic arrays helps in reducing dependency on the utility grid. Areas with high intensities of solar radiation for a longer duration of time create high daily temperature. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) falls in high temperature and very low humidity climate zone. KSA has increased electricity tariff rates by 260% since 1 January 2018, has planned goals of generation of 9.5 gigawatts of renewable energy by 2030, and has ideas of constructing a self-sustainable city by the Red Sea. Energy analysis performed in this research is to calculate benefits of placing photovoltaic arrays on a rooftop of Buildings. These benefits include the electrical energy production and reduction of building cooling load by shading effect on a rooftop. By placing photovoltaic arrays on rooftop, up to 23% energy saving of cooling load can be achieved. The net annual output of photovoltaic generation per panel is discussed by adding energy generation and saving in cooling load of the building. The distance between the photovoltaic arrays is optimized for maximum benefits of electrical energy and saving in cooling loads. Practical application: Photovoltaic arrays on rooftops for shading effect have practical benefits of energy savings in hot environment areas where high solar irradiance heat up the buildings. Photovoltaic arrays provide shading and energy generations which is a step towards zero energy buildings.

scholarly journals Energy and thermal comfort performance evaluation of PCM ceiling panels for cooling a renovated office room

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 03020
Author(s):  
José Quesada Allerhand ◽  
Ongun Berk Kazanci ◽  
Bjarne W. Olesen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Heat Removal ◽  
Cooling Power ◽  
Indoor Space ◽  
Air System ◽  
Metal Casing ◽  
Office Rooms

The performance of suspended ceiling panels with phase change materials (PCM) for comfort cooling applications in office rooms was studied. The panel consisted of a metal casing, which encapsulates the PCM. Water can circulate through the pipes embedded in the panel to influence the latent energy storage of the material. To evaluate the performance of the PCM panels, a comparison with an all-air system and a thermally active building system (TABS) was made. Using TRNSYS 17, a recently renovated room in the Technical University of Denmark was modelled. The room was simulated during the cooling season with each of the three cooling systems in which the thermal environment and the corresponding energy use were determined. Operative temperature was maintained between 22°C to 27°C at least 90% of the occupied period with each system. Similarities were observed between the PCM and TABS systems. Energy savings of 15% and peak cooling power reduction of 30% compared with the all-air system were observed. This study proved the common claim that PCM ceiling panels and TABS perform similar in terms of the created thermal indoor environment and energy savings, as well in terms of heat removal from the indoor space. Therefore, PCM ceiling panels could be used as an alternative for TABS in renovation projects while providing similar benefits to TABS.

scholarly journals Energy savings and emission reductions in industrial boilers

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Saidur
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
Industrial Boilers ◽  
Fan Speed

In this paper energy use of boiler fan motors has been estimated using energy audit data. Energy savings using VSD by modulating fan speed has been estimated as well. Bill savings and associated emission reductions using VSD have been estimated and presented in this paper. It has been found that 139,412 MWh, 268,866, 159,328 MWh, and 99,580 MWh electrical energy can be saved for 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% motor loadings, respectively for 60% speed reduction. Corresponding bill savings for the aforementioned energy savings have been found to be US$7,318,335, US$14,113,933, US$8,363,812, and US135,911,944 for 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% motor loadings, respectively for 60% speed reduction. Along with energy savings, 69,770,744 kg, 134,558,329 kg, 79,738,065 kg, 49,836,603 kg of CO2 emission can be avoided for the associated energy savings as a result of energy savings using VSD for 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% motor loadings. Moreover, 32,503,558 GJ of fossil fuel can be saved for the flue gas temperature reduction as a result of reducing fan motor speed reduction. Flue gas energy savings for oxegen trim system has been estimated and found to be 549,310,130 GJ for 16.9% of excess air reduction with payback period less than a day.

scholarly journals Investigation on Energy Consumption of an Olympic Ice Rink and Sports Facility

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Hamdi Sunnetci ◽  
Deniz Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
The World

In these days, people spend 87% of their time indoors. Therefore, buildings are responsible for 36% of the total energy consumption and 40% of the CO2 emissions in the world. Besides, energy expenditures can be reduced, especially through improvements in public buildings used by many people. In this study, an annual energy consumption was conducted for an Olympic ice-skating rink and sports complex in Istanbul with a capacity of 900 spectators, was analyzed. Annual energy consumption of the building was 2 915 032 kWh electrical energy and 157 944 m3 natural gas. It was foreseen that 40 000kWh energy savings can be achieved annually with the evaporative pre-cooling system.

scholarly journals Application of DMAIC to improve energy consumption in a commercial building

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kanyinda Kabuya
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Six Sigma ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Commercial Buildings ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Pareto Chart ◽  
Electrical Consumption

Improving energy use in a commercial building has become the subject of great importance in organizations worldwide. Improving energy usage refers to the efforts to reduce energy consumption. Reducing energy consumption in commercial buildings can be accomplished through continuous supervision using appropriate managerial techniques. Commercial companies are required to use energy more efficiently and participate in energy improvement. This study seeks to improve electrical energy consumption in commercial buildings by Analysing the electrical data consumption and identifying the factors that contribute to high consumption using Six Sigma DMAIC (Define-Measure- Analyse-Improve-Control) problem solving methodology. A case study was used to validate the DMAIC framework. Two years of electrical consumption data of a case study done from January 2018 to December 2019 was collected and analysed. The study revealed an average increment in energy consumption of 3.9 %. The outcomes using statistical Pareto chart showed that the boiler is the highest significant energy user in the building with 38.3% due; followed by the kitchen with 24.2 %, followed by DB A and lifts with 20,1 % and the rest with 17.37 %. After the campaign of DMAIC, there was a reduction of 6 % in boiler consumption which was 2.3 % reduction of total consumption of the month for the building. Therefore, the study successfully demonstrates how Six Sigma DMAIC methodology can be applied to improve electrical consumption in a commercial building and reduce its related costs.

scholarly journals Improving Optimization Solution for Facility Layout Problem with Thermal Comfort

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-61
Author(s):  
Noorhadila Mohd Bakeri ◽  
Mohd Faizal Omar ◽  
Mohd Nasrun Mohd Nawi ◽  
Faizal Baharum
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Facility Layout ◽  
Classical Problem ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Layout Problem ◽  
Facility Layout Problem ◽  
Satisfaction Rate

Facility Layout Problem (FLP) can be considered as a classical problem in quantitative studies. However, the literature in FLP are largely neglected the thermal comfort as part of the objective function. Today, energy savings for buildings are a major concern in the world as they cover a big portion of energy use. The public room consumes high energy use because of its ability to occupy many people at one time. Issues arise when each person has a dissimilar thermal satisfaction rate, while each area in a room provides a different temperature. There are many factors that influence the people dispersion in the room including the facility layout. However, it is really testing to handle an air-conditioning control () system by considering the mention factors to ensure the thermal satisfaction is increased and energy is reduced. Since lack of report on thermal factors in Facility Layout Problem (FLP) area, this work aims to optimize the temperature setting of an system at the best point and achieving the finest plan for the facility layout in a room. Further, our ultimate goals to maximize the thermal comfort level and reduce energy consumption are able to accomplish. A non-linear mathematical model is utilized to optimize the thermal satisfaction rate () and room layout. At the end of the article, we proposed an Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) to find a quality solution or near optimal since it is hard to solve this problem in a reasonable time.

scholarly journals Empirical and Numerical Analysis of an Opaque Ventilated Facade with Windows Openings under Mediterranean Climate Conditions

Mathematics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Carlos-Antonio Domínguez-Torres ◽  
Ángel Luis León-Rodríguez ◽  
Rafael Suárez ◽  
Antonio Domínguez-Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Ventilated Facade ◽  
Indoor Comfort

In recent years, there has been growing concern regarding energy efficiency in the building sector with energy requirements increasing worldwide and now responsible for about 40% of final energy consumption in Europe. Previous research has shown that ventilated façades help to reduce energy use when cooling buildings in hot and temperate climates. Of the different ventilated façade configurations reported in the literature, the configuration of ventilated façade with window rarely has been studied, and its 3D thermodynamic behavior is deserving of further analysis and modeling. This paper examines the thermal behavior of an opaque ventilated façade with a window, in experimentally and numerical terms and its impact in energy savings to get indoor comfort. Field measurements were conducted during the winter, spring and summer seasons of 2021 using outdoor full scale test cells located in Seville (southern Spain). The modeling of the ventilated façade was carried out using a three-dimensional approach taking into account the 3D behavior of the air flow in the air cavity due to the presence of the window. The validation and comparison process using experimental data showed that the proposed model provided good results from quantitative and qualitative point of view. The reduction of the heat flux was assessed by comparing the energy performance of a ventilated façade with that of an unventilated façade. Both experimental and numerical results showed that the ventilated façade provided a reduction in annual total energy consumption when compared to the unventilated façade, being compensated the winter energy penalization by the summer energy savings. This reduction is about 21% for the whole typical climatic year showing the ability of the opaque ventilated façade studied to reduce energy consumption to insure indoor comfort, making its suitable for use in retrofitting the energy-obsolete building stock built in Spain in the middle decades of the 20 century.

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