scholarly journals El pacifismo-antimilitarismo en España desde el siglo XIX hasta la Guerra Civil: los «efectos desplazamiento»

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juli Antoni Aguado Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Social Imaginary ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Democratic Principle ◽  
The Social ◽  
Nonviolent Resistance ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
Sociedad Civil ◽  
The 19Th Century

La historia del antimilitarismo en el Estado español es, en gran medida, desconocida. El presente trabajo pretende subsanar parcialmente esta carencia mediante la compilación de la literatura y las fuentes existentes sobre la materia, parciales o basadas en períodos específicos, exponiendo estas resistencias desde el pacifismo inicial del siglo XIX hasta el final de la Guerra Civil. Esta labor se realiza desde la confluencia entre la historia y la sociología, insertando estas movilizaciones en los conflictos y los movimientos internacionales, mostrando cómo se influyen mutuamente, así como la convergencia entre el feminismo y el antimilitarismo. Asimismo, se constata cómo la defensa de la paz o la resistencia al servicio de armas y la militarización social sólo pueden ser movilizadas cuándo la narrativa del sometimiento puede ser percibida como opresión, al imponerse el principio democrático de libertad e igualdad en el imaginario social (tesis de los efectos de desplazamiento). De forma paralela, se evidencia cómo el antimilitarismo proporciona el espacio para la emergencia de nuevos conocimientos y prácticas de resistencia noviolentas (tesis de los movimientos como laboratorios de la sociedad civil), extendiendo la concepción prevaleciente del derecho.The history of antimilitarism in the Spanish State is largely unknown. The present work intends to complete particularly this lack by compiling literature and existing sources on the subject, partial or based on specific periods, exposing these resistances from the initial pacifism of the 19th century until the end of the Civil war. This work is carried out from the confluence between history and sociology, inserting these mobilizations in conflicts and international movements, and showing how they influence each other, as well as the convergence between feminism and antimilitarism.Furthermore, it can be seen how the defense of peace or resistance to arms service and social militarization can only be mobilized when the narrative of subjugation can be perceived as oppression by imposing the democratic principle of freedom and equality in the social imaginary (thesis of the displacement effects). Similarly, it is evident how antimilitarism provides the space for the emergence of new knowledge and practices of nonviolent resistance (thesis of movements as laboratories of civil society) extending the prevailing conception of right.

scholarly journals La propaganda comercial como transmisora de elementos identitarios: Algunos ejemplos de la ephemera murciana a principios del siglo XX

Imafronte ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
José Miguel López Castillo
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Visual Representations ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Siglo Xx

Uno de los apartados menos tratados de las representaciones visuales de Murcia ha sido el de la ephemera comercial. Por tal motivo, dado su uso limitado y efímero, en muchas ocasiones no se le ha considerado como un apartado estimable en la historia del arte. Pero lo cierto es que las etiquetas de fábricas de conservas, frutas, licores y otros establecimientos, desde los últimos años del siglo XIX y la primera mitad del XX, en base al diseño difundieron los elementos identitarios más significativos de este territorio por toda España y el resto del mundo. En la mayoría de casos, la marca publicitaria estaba basada en estampas e imágenes del Costumbrismo romántico murciano que ya se habían consolidado durante el ochocientos para la demanda social de esa corriente; en otros casos se fueron adaptando a los nuevos criterios estéticos del siglo XX. Finalmente, esta forma de publicitar cada producto ayudó a patentar la denominación de origen de diversas empresas de varios sectores, principalmente agroalimentarias, y al mismo tiempo a su asimilación con esta región levantina gracias a sus hitos arquitectónicos, la huerta o sus tipos populares. Esta última premisa es la que abordaremos dentro de este estudio al contrastarlas con otras representaciones anteriores. One of the less treated sections of the visual representations of Murcia has been the comercial ephemera. For this reason, given its limited and fleeting use, it has often not been considerated as a valvable section in the history of art. But the truth is that the labels of canning factories, fruits, liquors and other establishments, from the last years of the 19th century based on the design spread the most significant identity elements of this territory throughout Spain and the rest the world. In the majority of cases, the advertising brand was based on prints and images of Murcian romantic costums that had already been consolidated during the 19th century for the social demand of this currens, in other cases they were adapted to the new aesthetic criteria of the 20th century. Finally, this way of advertising each product helped to panted the denomination of origin of various companies, mainly agry-food, and at the same time to assimilate it with this southeast region thanks to its architectural landmarks, the orchard or its popular types. This last premise is the one we will address within this study when contrasting them other previous representations.

scholarly journals Del Gabinete de Historia Natural a la Colección Histórico-Didáctica del Departamento de Zoología de la Universidad de Granada, 1853-2018

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-93
Author(s):  
Pedro J. Sandoval Cortés
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Current Drive ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Historical Collections ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historia Natural ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The 19Th Century

Resumen Hacemos un repaso histórico de los 165 años de existencia de la Colección de Zoología de la Universidad de Granada, desde aquella que formó parte del Gabinete de Historia Natural hasta la actual Colección Histórico-Didáctica. Destacamos los acontecimientos sociales más relevantes que han influido en la transformación de este conjunto patrimonial a lo largo del último siglo y medio. Fruto de un floreciente interés por las ciencias naturales a mediados del siglo XIX y con la definitiva influencia del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid personalizada en la figura de su director Mariano de la Paz Graells, nacen la mayoría de los gabinetes de historia natural de los centros docentes españoles, los cuales se irían adaptando a los cambios en las universidades y en la propia sociedad. Desgraciadamente esta época dorada de interés por la exploración y las ciencias naturales va decreciendo alcanzando su punto más bajo con la guerra civil española y la consiguiente postguerra, quedando en el olvido y perdiéndose muchas de las colecciones históricas. Actualmente la promoción del estudio y uso didáctico de estas colecciones hace que en la medida de lo posible se esté recuperando parte de la riqueza que en otros tiempos tuvieron. Abstract We review 165 years of history of the Zoology Collection at the University of Granada, from the Cabinet of Natural History to the Department’s current Historical-Didactic Collection. We highlight the most significant events that have had an impact on its heritage’s transformation over the last century and a half. Most cabinets of Natural History established in Spanish educational centres were the result of burgeoning interest in natural science in the middle of the 19th century. The National Museum of Natural Sciences in Madrid, under the guidance of its Director, Mariano de la Paz Graells, wielded enormous influence on those cabinets, which continually adapted to change at Universities and in society in general. Unfortunately, the golden age of exploration and natural sciences steadily eroded, reaching its lowest point during the Spanish Civil War and in the postwar period. Many historical collections were neglected and lost forever. The current drive for the study and didactic use of these collections will allow us to restore partly their extraordinary wealth.

scholarly journals Niechciane dziedzictwo. Piąty tom „Chłopa polskiego w Europie i Ameryce” a Chicago początku XX wieku

1970 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 87-116
Author(s):  
Piotr Luczys
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Crime ◽  
Main Task ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Point Of Departure

The main task of this text is to present the subject matter of the fifth volume of The Polish Peasant in Europe and America written by W.I. Thomas and F. Znaniecki. In this context, special attention will be paid to the criminal activities of Polish immigrants in Chicago in the first two decades of the 20th century. The point of departure for the reflections is the point of reference to the fragments of the five-book, repeated many times in the literature, which often do not go beyond the first three volumes, and at the same time impose a dominant and schematic interpretation discourse for the whole work. The subsequent parts of the text reconstruct the history of migratory waves coming to Chicago from the end of the 19th century on the basis of ongoing social, industrial and urban transformations, and thus the birth of urban crime. The crime history of Polish immigrants in Chicago allows us to re-examine the work of Thomas and Znaniecki from a different perspective (mainly from American sources), emphasizing at the same time the social conditions of the beginnings and the development of criminal structures in migratory environments, while at the same time drawing attention to this topic, commonly ignored in the history of Thomas and Znaniecki’s work and Polish-American relations. Piotr Luczys, Niechciane dziedzictwo. Piąty tom „Chłopa polskiego w Europie i Ameryce” a Chicago początku XX wieku [An unwanted legacy. The fifth volume of Polish Peasant in Europe and America and Chicago at the beginning of the 20th century] edited by M. Nowak, „Człowiek i Społeczeństwo” vol. XLVII: „Chłop polski w Europie i Ameryce” po stu latach [Polish peasant in Europe and America after one hundred years], Poznań 2019, pp. 87–116, Adam Mickiewicz University. Faculty of Social Sciences Press. ISSN 0239-3271.

scholarly journals De protagonista histórico a personaje de novela:

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilián Illades
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fourth Decade ◽  
History Of ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

En la cuarta década del siglo XIX se enjuició y sentenció por diversos crímenes al coronel Juan Yáñez, alias Relumbrón; a la sazón subordinado cercano a un presidente de México. El militar encabezó a un grupo de bandidos que asaltaron las propiedades de personas prominentes, adineradas, templos, conventos y comercios de la capital del país, así como a viajeros que transitaban por los caminos, principalmente el derrotero de la Ciudad de México al puerto de Veracruz. Este cabecilla ocupa un papel central en una de las memorables piezas literarias de Manuel Payno: Los Bandidos de Río Frío. Propio de la pluma del escritor, la novela constituye una invaluable fuente para la historia social y cultural de los mexicanos. El propósito del presente artículo es develar el perfil histórico del coronel, mediante la reconstrucción de su entorno familiar y el extracto del proceso judicial al que fue sometido, mismo al que no tuvo acceso el novelista. La infausta figura de Relumbrón sólo pudo ser preservada a través de la literatura, de lo contrario se habría sumergido en los anales criminales. In the fourth decade of the 19th century, Colonel Juan Yáñez, alias Relumbrón (the one who shines), then a close subordinate of a Mexican president, was tried and sentenced for various crimes. Then officer headed a group of bandits who robbed the properties of prominent and wealthy people, churches, convents and businesses in the capital of the country, as well as travelers on the roads, mainly the route from Mexico City to the port of Veracruz. This ringleader occupies a central role in one of Manuel Payno´s memorable novels, Los Bandidos de Río Frío (The bandits of Río Frío). Typical of the writer´s pen, the novel is an invaluable source for the social and cultural history of Mexicans. The purpose of this article is to unveil the historical profile of the colonel, through the reconstruction of his family environment and the excerpt of the judicial process to which he has subjected, to which the novelist did not have access. The infamous figure of Relumbrón could only be preserved through literature, otherwise he would have been submerged in the annals of crime.

LOS COMIENZOS DE LA PROTECCIÓN DE LAS AVES EN ESPAÑA (1879-1936): GRAELLS, EL MARQUÉS DE CUSANO Y LAS SOCIEDADES PROTECTORAS DE ANIMALES

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-180
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Media Impact ◽  
Animal Protection ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Siglo Xx

Resumen La historia de la protección legal de la aves en España durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX es muy conocida, destacando como hechos relevantes la fundación de la Sociedad Española de Ornitología (1954), la contribución de reputados científicos (sobre todo José Antonio Valverde y Francisco Bernis), y el impacto mediático de un carismático personaje, Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente. En cambio, existían pocos trabajos que abordaran esta cuestión en épocas más antiguas. Sin embargo, recientes estudios, que aquí se sintetizan, han desvelado que anteriores esfuerzos por proteger a una parte de la avifauna, considerada útil a la agricultura, fueron más intensos y complejos de lo que se creía previamente. Se desarrollaron durante el último cuarto del siglo XIX y primer tercio del XX, en consonancia con similares iniciativas internacionales. Participaron activamente políticos y cazadores como Felipe Juez-Sarmiento (marqués de Cusano), técnicos y científicos, entre los que sobresalió el prestigioso zoólogo Mariano de la Paz Graells (1809-1898), y sociedades protectoras de animales. Pero no se actuó de forma coordinada ni se crearon estructuras institucionales específicas. Y aunque se consiguieron algunos resultados memorables que favorecieron la conservación de determinadas especies de aves, el impulso protector acabó desdibujándose bajo la presión de una poderosa facción del sector cinegético. Abstract The history of the legal protection of birds in Spain during the second half of the twentieth century is well known, highlighting as relevant facts the foundation of the Spanish Ornithological Society (1954), the contribution of renowned scientists (especially José Antonio Valverde and Francisco Bernis), and the media impact of a charismatic character, Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente. But there were few works that addressed this issue in older times. However, recent studies, which are synthesized here, have revea- led that previous efforts to protect an array of birds, considered useful to agriculture, were more intense and complex than previously believed. They were developed during the last quarter of the 19th century and the first third of the 20th, in line with similar international initiatives. Politicians and hunters such as Felipe Juez-Sarmiento (Marquis of Cusano), technicians and scientists, especially the prestigious zoologist Mariano de la Paz Graells (1809-1898), and animal protection societies participated in this process. Nevertheless, there was no coordinated action and no specific institutional structures were created. Finally, although some memorable results were achieved favouring the conservation of certain species, the protective impulse ended up blurred under the pressure of a powerful faction of the hunting sector. Palabras claves: Agricultura, Archivos, Ciencia y sociedad, España, Fauna útil, Mariano de la Paz Graells, Ornitología, Protección de especies, Siglos XIX-XX. Key words: Agriculture, Archives, Mariano de la Paz Graells, Ornithology, Protection of species, Science and society, Spain, Useful fauna, XIX-XX centuries.

scholarly journals Introduction: Some ponderings on the use of the law in the writing of histories

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175
Author(s):  
NIMROD HURVITZ ◽  
EDWARD FRAM
Keyword(s):  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Partial Reconstruction ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Hours ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law

Professional jurists are often inquisitive about the subject matter of their calling and in the course of their careers may well develop fascinating insights into the law and those who interpret it. Their employers, however, be they governments, corporations, firms, or private clients, rarely show similar enthusiasm for such insights unless the hours spent pondering the social or historical significance of this or that legal view have a contemporary value that justifies the lawyer's fee.Thankfully, other members of society are rewarded for mining the legal records of the past. For legal historians, the search often focuses on the changing legal ideas and how legal doctrine develops over time to meet the changing needs of societies. Yet because the law generally deals with concrete matters – again, because jurists are paid by people who are unlikely to remunerate those who simply while away their hours making up legal cases – it offers a reservoir of information that can be used, albeit with caution, in fields other than just the history of the law.A partial reconstruction of the law of any given time and place is among the more obvious historical uses of legal documents but statutes, practical decisions, and even theoretical texts can be used to advance other forms of the historical endeavour. Legal works often reflect the values both of jurists and society-at-large, for while the law creates social values it is not immune to changes in these very values.

Architecture, Modernism and Nation-Building in Kemalist Turkey

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 37-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibel Bozdoğan
Keyword(s):  
Nation Building ◽  
Critical Force ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
The West ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
The Social ◽  
Great Transformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

Deeply rooted in “the great transformation” brought about by capitalism, industrialization and urban life, the history of modern architecture in the West is intricately intertwined with the rise of the bourgeoisie. Modernism in architecture, before anything else, is a reaction to the social and environmental ills of the industrial city, and to the bourgeois aesthetic of the 19th century. It emerged first as a series of critical, utopian and radical movements in the first decades of the twentieth century, eventually consolidating itself into an architectural establishment by the 1930s. The dissemination of the so-called “modern movement” outside Europe coincides with the eclipse of the plurality and critical force of early modernist currents and their reduction to a unified, formalist and doctrinaire position.

THE FORMATION OF THE HISTORICAL AND LITURGICAL RESEARCH AREA IN RUSSIAN ACADEMIC SCHOLARSHIP IN THE LATE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURY. A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES OF N.V. POKROVSKY AND I.A. KARABINOV

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-49
Author(s):  
Zoya M. Dashevskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Academic Science ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Academic Scholarship ◽  
Academic Courses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Christian Worship ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century

n the second half of the 19th century – especially in the period following the introduction of the Academic Constitution of 1869, and in the 1880s and continuing until the forced closure of Theological Academies after the Revolutionary coup – the historical and liturgical research area in Russian academic science experienced a period of its formation and flourishing. The subject of the article is a comparison of approaches to the study of the worship service history and analysis of the formation of the research methodology for teaching Liturgics by professors N.V. Pokrovsky and I.A. Karabinov of the St. Petersburg Theological Academy, where they taught the history of Christian worship from the 1880’s until its forced closure in 1918. Analysis and juxtapos- ing of academic courses in Liturgics allows defining the boundaries and content of the discipline in the period of its formation as well as considering the evolu- tion in research methodology and, more broadly, the formation of the Russian historical and liturgical scientific school. A comparison of the courses reveals the authors attitudes towards histori- cal sources material and its studies. Their own ideas about the provenance of various rites used in church worship characterize their views on the develop- ment of the liturgical tradition, expressing their approaches to its study and thereby form our picture of the establishment of historical Liturgics as a field of researchable knowledge.

Retro-Digitization of Croatian Pre-Standard Grammars

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-310
Author(s):  
Marijana Horvat ◽  
Martina Kramarić
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Web Portal ◽  
Printed Media ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Language Text

In this article, we will present the rich linguistic heritage of the Croatian language and our attempts to ensure its preservation and presentation to the general public by means of the "Retro-digitization and Interpretation of Croatian Grammar Books before Illyrism ‒ RETROGRAM" project. There is a long tradition of grammatical description in the history of the Croatian language. The first grammar book of the Croatian language was written at the beginning of the 17th century and the first grammar book written in Croatian was compiled in the middle of the 17th century. In later years, when literary and linguistic activity were transferred from the Dalmatian area to the northern and eastern part of Croatia, the Latin model for the description of the Croatian language was still present, even though German was also used. There were a large number of grammars written up to the second half of the 19th century, which are considered pre-standard Croatian grammars. They are the subject of research within the project "Pre-standard Croatian Grammars" at the Institute of Croatian Language and Linguistics. This research proposal "Retro-digitization and Interpretation of Croatian Grammar Books before Illyrism" aims to create a model for the retro-digitization of the chosen eight Pre-standard Croatian Grammars (written from the 17th until the 19th century). The retro-digitization of Croatian grammar books implies the transfer of printed media to computer-readable and searchable text. It also includes a multilevel mark-up of transcribed or translated grammar text. The next step of the project is the creation of a Web Portal of Pre-standard Croatian Grammars, on which both the facsimiles and the digitized text of the grammars will be presented. Our aim is to present to the wider and international public the attainments of the Croatian language and linguistics as an important part of Croatian culture in general. Keywords: pre-standard Croatian grammars, history of the Croatian language, retro-digitization, Extensible mark-up language, Text encoding initiative, web portal of pre-standard Croatian grammars

scholarly journals Designing the social estate of odnodvortsy of the western provinces in 1831

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Constantin Vadimovich Troianowski
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Social Category ◽  
The Past ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article investigates the process of designing of the new social estate in imperial Russia - odnodvortsy of the western provinces. This social category was designed specifically for those petty szlachta who did not possess documents to prove their noble ancestry and status. The author analyses deliberations on the subject that took place in the Committee for the Western Provinces. The author focuses on the argument between senior imperial officials and the Grodno governor Mikhail Muraviev on the issue of registering petty szlachta in fiscal rolls. Muraviev argued against setting up a special fiscal-administrative category for petty szlachta suggesting that its members should join the already existing unprivileged categories of peasants and burgers. Because this proposal ran against the established fiscal practices, the Committee opted for creating a distinct social estate for petty szlachta. The existing social estate paradigm in Russia pre-assigned the location of the new soslovie in the imperial social hierarchy. Western odnodvortsy were to be included into a broad legal status category of the free inhabitants. Despite similarity of the name, the new estate was not modeled on the odnodvortsy of the Russian provinces because they retained from the past certain privileges (e.g. the right to possess serfs) that did not correspond to the 19th century attributes of unprivileged social estates.

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