THE FORMATION OF THE HISTORICAL AND LITURGICAL RESEARCH AREA IN RUSSIAN ACADEMIC SCHOLARSHIP IN THE LATE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURY. A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES OF N.V. POKROVSKY AND I.A. KARABINOV

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-49
Author(s):  
Zoya M. Dashevskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Academic Science ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Academic Scholarship ◽  
Academic Courses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Christian Worship ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century

n the second half of the 19th century – especially in the period following the introduction of the Academic Constitution of 1869, and in the 1880s and continuing until the forced closure of Theological Academies after the Revolutionary coup – the historical and liturgical research area in Russian academic science experienced a period of its formation and flourishing. The subject of the article is a comparison of approaches to the study of the worship service history and analysis of the formation of the research methodology for teaching Liturgics by professors N.V. Pokrovsky and I.A. Karabinov of the St. Petersburg Theological Academy, where they taught the history of Christian worship from the 1880’s until its forced closure in 1918. Analysis and juxtapos- ing of academic courses in Liturgics allows defining the boundaries and content of the discipline in the period of its formation as well as considering the evolu- tion in research methodology and, more broadly, the formation of the Russian historical and liturgical scientific school. A comparison of the courses reveals the authors attitudes towards histori- cal sources material and its studies. Their own ideas about the provenance of various rites used in church worship characterize their views on the develop- ment of the liturgical tradition, expressing their approaches to its study and thereby form our picture of the establishment of historical Liturgics as a field of researchable knowledge.

Retro-Digitization of Croatian Pre-Standard Grammars

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-310
Author(s):  
Marijana Horvat ◽  
Martina Kramarić
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Web Portal ◽  
Printed Media ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Language Text

In this article, we will present the rich linguistic heritage of the Croatian language and our attempts to ensure its preservation and presentation to the general public by means of the "Retro-digitization and Interpretation of Croatian Grammar Books before Illyrism ‒ RETROGRAM" project. There is a long tradition of grammatical description in the history of the Croatian language. The first grammar book of the Croatian language was written at the beginning of the 17th century and the first grammar book written in Croatian was compiled in the middle of the 17th century. In later years, when literary and linguistic activity were transferred from the Dalmatian area to the northern and eastern part of Croatia, the Latin model for the description of the Croatian language was still present, even though German was also used. There were a large number of grammars written up to the second half of the 19th century, which are considered pre-standard Croatian grammars. They are the subject of research within the project "Pre-standard Croatian Grammars" at the Institute of Croatian Language and Linguistics. This research proposal "Retro-digitization and Interpretation of Croatian Grammar Books before Illyrism" aims to create a model for the retro-digitization of the chosen eight Pre-standard Croatian Grammars (written from the 17th until the 19th century). The retro-digitization of Croatian grammar books implies the transfer of printed media to computer-readable and searchable text. It also includes a multilevel mark-up of transcribed or translated grammar text. The next step of the project is the creation of a Web Portal of Pre-standard Croatian Grammars, on which both the facsimiles and the digitized text of the grammars will be presented. Our aim is to present to the wider and international public the attainments of the Croatian language and linguistics as an important part of Croatian culture in general. Keywords: pre-standard Croatian grammars, history of the Croatian language, retro-digitization, Extensible mark-up language, Text encoding initiative, web portal of pre-standard Croatian grammars

scholarly journals X.—A Revised History of the Column of Phocas in the Roman Forum

Archaeologia ◽  
1890 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.M. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
Public Building ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Christian Worship ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Roman Forum ◽  
The Temple

It may be of interest to the Society if I submit to its notice some observations made last year, which render it necessary to re-write the history of one of the best known monuments of Rome.The monument, which for fifty-six years has been called the Column of Phocas, was formerly, when nothing but the pillar itself was seen above ground, the subject of much curiosity and speculation among the visitors of the Forum. The “nameless column with the buried base” was thought by some to be the sole relic of a great temple or other public building. By others it had been conjectured to be part of the famous bridge by which Caligula united his palace on the Palatine with the temple of Capitoline Jupiter. In the early years of the century, among other works of the same kind, it was resolved to clear away the soil and débris from the substructure of this column; and on the 13th of March, 1813, the inscription of its pedestal, which had remained for centuries a few feet below the level of the ground, was uncovered, and revealed the fact that it had supported a statue dedicated by the exarch Smaragdus to the honour of a Caesar, whose name had been erased, but who, by other indications, could be no other than Phocas, an emperor of evil reputation, but to whom Rome and the world owe some gratitude for having been instrumental in dedicating the Pantheon to Christian worship, and so preserving from ruin one of the noblest and most original architectural works of antiquity.

scholarly journals El pacifismo-antimilitarismo en España desde el siglo XIX hasta la Guerra Civil: los «efectos desplazamiento»

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juli Antoni Aguado Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Social Imaginary ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Democratic Principle ◽  
The Social ◽  
Nonviolent Resistance ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
Sociedad Civil ◽  
The 19Th Century

La historia del antimilitarismo en el Estado español es, en gran medida, desconocida. El presente trabajo pretende subsanar parcialmente esta carencia mediante la compilación de la literatura y las fuentes existentes sobre la materia, parciales o basadas en períodos específicos, exponiendo estas resistencias desde el pacifismo inicial del siglo XIX hasta el final de la Guerra Civil. Esta labor se realiza desde la confluencia entre la historia y la sociología, insertando estas movilizaciones en los conflictos y los movimientos internacionales, mostrando cómo se influyen mutuamente, así como la convergencia entre el feminismo y el antimilitarismo. Asimismo, se constata cómo la defensa de la paz o la resistencia al servicio de armas y la militarización social sólo pueden ser movilizadas cuándo la narrativa del sometimiento puede ser percibida como opresión, al imponerse el principio democrático de libertad e igualdad en el imaginario social (tesis de los efectos de desplazamiento). De forma paralela, se evidencia cómo el antimilitarismo proporciona el espacio para la emergencia de nuevos conocimientos y prácticas de resistencia noviolentas (tesis de los movimientos como laboratorios de la sociedad civil), extendiendo la concepción prevaleciente del derecho.The history of antimilitarism in the Spanish State is largely unknown. The present work intends to complete particularly this lack by compiling literature and existing sources on the subject, partial or based on specific periods, exposing these resistances from the initial pacifism of the 19th century until the end of the Civil war. This work is carried out from the confluence between history and sociology, inserting these mobilizations in conflicts and international movements, and showing how they influence each other, as well as the convergence between feminism and antimilitarism.Furthermore, it can be seen how the defense of peace or resistance to arms service and social militarization can only be mobilized when the narrative of subjugation can be perceived as oppression by imposing the democratic principle of freedom and equality in the social imaginary (thesis of the displacement effects). Similarly, it is evident how antimilitarism provides the space for the emergence of new knowledge and practices of nonviolent resistance (thesis of movements as laboratories of civil society) extending the prevailing conception of right.

scholarly journals Piśmiennictwo religijne Tatarów Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego jako oryginalne źródło do badań polszczyzny północnokresowej

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-110
Author(s):  
Joanna Kulwicka-Kamińska
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
The North ◽  
Religious Writings ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Linguistic Analyses ◽  
The 19Th Century

The religious writings of the Tatars constitute a valuable source for philological research due to the presence of heretofore unexplored grammatical and lexical layers of the north borderland Polish language of the 16th-20th centuries and due to the interference-related and transfer-related processes in the context of Slavic languages and Slavic-Oriental contacts. Therefore the basis for linguistic analyses is constituted by one of the most valuable monuments of this body of writing – the first translation of the Quran into a Slavic language in the world (probably representing the north borderland Polish language), which assumed the form of a tefsir. The source of linguistic analyses is constituted by the Olita tefsir, which dates back to 1723 (supplemented and corrected in the 19th century). On the basis of the material that was excerpted from this work the author presents both borderland features described in the subject literature and tries to point the new or only sparsely confirmed facts in the history of the Polish language, including the formation of the north borderland Polish language on the Belarusian substrate. Research involves all levels of language – the phonetic-phonological, morphological, syntactic and the lexical-semantic levels.

Saint Theophan the Recluse in the Struggle with Shtunda

2020 ◽  
pp. 230-242
Author(s):  
Варвара Викторовна Каширина
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Bible Study ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Xix Century

Объектом исследования в статье является переписка святителя Феофана с Н. В. Елагиным, протоиереем Николаем Флоринским и протоиереем Димитрием Ждановым. Тематика переписки - религиозно-нравственные братства («штунды») для изучения Библии, возникшие в начале XIX в. в южных областях Украины и быстро увеличивавшие своё влияние среди православных христиан. Методология исследования базируется на комплексном применении традиционных научных методов: источниковедческого, историко-логического и сравнительно-исторического. В результате исследования была реконструирована история издания сочинения А. Д. Ушинского «Вероучение малорусских штундистов, разобранное на основании Священного Писания в беседах православного мирянина с сектантами» против штундистов и выявлено участие в подготовке издания святителя Феофана Затворника. Труд А. Д. Ушинского, написанный при деятельном участии и поддержке святителя Феофана, явился одним из первых, посвящённых штунде. В книге были опубликованы и подробно разобраны вероучительные положения штундистов, которые ходили в рукописном виде или же распространялись только устно. The object of research in the article was the correspondence of Saint Theophan with N. V. Elagin, Archpriest Nikolai Florinsky and Archpriest Dimitri Zhdanov. The subject of the correspondence is religious and moral fraternities («shtund») for Bible study, which appeared in the early XIX century in the southern regions of Ukraine and quickly increased their influence among Orthodox Christians. The research methodology is based on the complex application of traditional scientific methods: source-based, historical-logical and comparative-historical. The study was reconstructed history of editions of works by A. D. Ushinsky «a little Creed of Stundists, dismantled on the basis of Holy Scripture in the conversations of an Orthodox layman with zealots» against Stundists identified and involved in the preparation of the edition of St. Theophan the Recluse. The work of A.D. Ushinsky, written with the active participation and support of Saint Theophan, was one of the first dedicated to shtunda. The book published and analyzed in detail the doctrinal statements of the shtundists, which went in handwritten form or were distributed only orally.

Le « serpent de mer du Constitutionnel », « cet admirable et immortel canard ». Examen d’un running gag médiatique

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-91
Author(s):  
Jean-Luc Buard
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Police Investigation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sea Serpent ◽  
The 19Th Century

This paper assesses the reality and sources of the Constitutionnel's sea serpent case, attributing to this newspaper the authorship of the invention of this journalist's joke (hoax), circulated as a running gag during the 19th century. The subject is not so much the dissemination of sea serpent stories as this problematic attribution, which became traditional in the history of the French press. At the end of our inquiry, after what might seem like a police investigation, it is established that the first mention of a sea serpent indeed really took place in this newspaper in 1817-18, when it was called the Journal du commerce, a paper that had no exclusivity in the dissemination of this hoax, which had its source in American papers. Before the digitization of newspapers, it was difficult if not impossible to find brief mentions or even articles on these elusive subjects. It was therefore easy to make fun of them without having to provide any proof or justification.

A Turning Point in the History of Polish Socialism and its Attitude Towards the Jewish Question

2004 ◽  
pp. 111-129
Author(s):  
Moshe Mishkinsky
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Jewish Question ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
Integral Element ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact

This chapter describes a turning point in the history of Polish Socialism and its attitude towards the Jewish Question. In dealing with the concept of the Jewish Question, the intention is not, as is often the case, to dwell solely upon the legal status of Jews (emancipation) but to view the problems of Jewish existence in their diversity. According to one view, the dependence upon non Jewish society represents an integral element or, even a determinant, in these problems. In the context of Polish–Jewish relations from the historical perspective of the last hundred years, one may discern six aspects of the subject. These include the development of Socialist thought in its different versions as regards the Jews; the influence of the gradual growth and development of the emerging working class in Polish society; the influence of the relatively large involvement of Jews within the Socialist Labour Movement; the impact of the new processes which matured in the last quarter of the 19th century on the life of Eastern European Jewry in general, and on the Polish–Jewish area in particular; the growth alongside each other, but also in conflict, of two political and ideological movements — Polish Socialism and Jewish labour Socialism; and the tension between the Socialist and the national elements which was common to both yet different in its concrete content.

Depth, Ecology, and the Deep Ecology Movement

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-303
Author(s):  
Luca Valera ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Deep Ecology ◽  
Total Field ◽  
Relational Ontology ◽  
Psychological Dimension ◽  
Ecological Self ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Arne Næss

The aim of this paper is to focus on the idea of depth developed by Arne Næss, which is related both to his research methodology and some of its anthropological/cosmological implications. Far from being purely a psychological dimension (as argued by Warwick Fox), in Næss’s perspective, the subject of depth is a methodological and ontological issue that underpins and lays the framework for the deep ecology movement. We cannot interpret the question of “depth” without considering the “relational ontology” that he himself has developed in which the “ecological self” is viewed as a “relational union within the total field.” Based on this point of view, I propose that we are able to reinterpret the history of the deep ecology movement and its future, while rereading its politics, from the issue of depth.

History of the Historiography of Spanish Textbooks and Treatises on International Law of the 19th Century

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Yolanda Gamarra Chopo
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
International Law ◽  
Late Development ◽  
Spanish History ◽  
Principal Axes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century

The bibliography of Spanish international law textbooks is a good indicator of the evolution of the historiography of international law. Spanish historiography, with its own special features, was a recipient of the great debates concerning naturalism v. positivism and universalism v. particularism that flourished in European and American historiography in the nineteenth century. This study is articulated on four principal axes. The first states how the writings of the philosophes continued to dominate the way in which the subject was conceived in mid-nineteenth century Spain. Secondly, it explores the popularization and democratization of international law through the work of Concepcion Arenal and the heterodox thought of Rafael Maria de Labra. Thirdly, it examines the first textbooks of international law with their distinct natural law bias, but imbued with certain positivist elements. These textbooks trawled sixteenth century Spanish history, searching for the origins of international law and thus demonstrating the historical civilizing role of Spain, particularly in America. Fourthly, it considers the vision of institutionist, heterodox reformers and bourgeois liberals who proclaimed the universality of international law, not without some degree of ambivalence, and their defence of Spain as the object of civilization and also a civilizing subject. In conclusion, the article argues that the late development of textbooks was a consequence of the late institutionalization of the study of international law during the last decade of the nineteenth century. Nevertheless, the legacy of the nineteenth century survives in the most progressive of contemporary polemics for a new international law.

scholarly journals Quarantine as a tool of epidemic fight

2020 ◽  
pp. 180-195
Author(s):  
Renata E. Paliga
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Epidemiological Tool ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Economic Balance ◽  
The 19Th Century

Until the 19th century, the factor causing epidemics was not known, and the escape from a place where it occurred as well as isolation of patients was considered to be the only effective way to avoid illness and death. Quarantine in a sense similar to modern times was used in 1377 in Ragusa, today’s Dubrovnik, during the plague epidemic. It was the first administratively imposed procedure in the world’s history. It was later used in Venice and other rich port cities in the Mediterranean. On the territory of today’s Poland, quarantine measures were used by the so-called Mayor of the Air – LukaszDrewno in 1623 during the plague epidemic in Warsaw. The quarantine left its mark on all areas of human activity. It affected all humanity in a way that is underestimated today. Throughout history, it has been described and presented visually. It is omnipresent in the world literature, art and philosophy. However, the isolation and closure of cities, limiting trade, had an impact on the economic balance, and the dilemma between the choice of inhabitants’ health and the quality of existence, i.e. their wealth, has been the subject of discussions since the Middle Ages. Since the end of the 19th century, quarantine has lost its practical meaning. The discovery of bacteria and a huge development of medical and social sciences allowed limiting its range. In the 20th century isolation and quarantine no longer had a global range, because the ability to identify factors causing the epidemic, knowledge about the incubation period, carrier, infectiousness, enabled the rational determination of its duration and territorial range. The modern SARS COV 2 pandemic has resulted in a global quarantine on a scale unprecedented for at least three hundred years. The aim of this paper is to present the history of quarantine from its beginning to the present day, including its usefulness as an epidemiological tool.

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