scholarly journals Herbicide gels for controlling old mans beard (Clematis vitalba) in ecologically sensitive areas

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 284-288
Author(s):  
B.G. Ward ◽  
R.F. Henzell
Keyword(s):  
Direct Application ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Nontarget Effects ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Clematis Vitalba ◽  
Environmental Weed ◽  
Target Effects

Old mans beard (Clematis vitalba) is a significant environmental weed and can completely smother the growth of native vegetation in many New Zealand parks and reserves Current herbicide application techniques are either not effective on the weed or can have nontarget effects on adjacent native plant species HortResearch has developed herbicidal gels for the direct application to cut stems to selectively kill target plants The gels were formulated with a range of active ingredients Piclorambased gels were the most effective treatments on old mans beard without causing any non target effects

scholarly journals Ipomoea alba (white moonflower).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
Environmental Weed

Abstract Ipomoea alba is a fast-growing vine native to the Americas, which has been widely introduced across tropical and subtropical regions of the world where it has become naturalized and invasive. Once naturalized, this species behaves as an environmental weed with the potential to outcompete native plant species for nutrients, water and sunlight. It climbs using other plants for support and forms a dense canopy that shades out native vegetation. It also spreads over the ground, forming a dense mat of vegetation that inhibits the establishment and growth of other plant species. Currently this species is included in the Global Compendium of Weeds and it is listed as invasive in China, South Africa, Cuba, Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii and other islands in the Pacific region.

scholarly journals Bidens pilosa (blackjack).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Recreation Areas ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Environmental Weed ◽  
Warm Temperate

Abstract Bidens pilosa is a widespread weed of tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions of the world. This species has high reproductive potential and fast-growing rates, which are traits enabling it to rapidly spread and colonize new areas. A single plant may produce up to 6000 seeds per year and its seeds can easily be dispersed attached to animals, birds, human clothes or by wind and water. Seeds may remain viable for 5-6 years. This species is also adapted to grow in a wide range of habitats and soil types. It benefits from disturbances and quickly invades after fire and soil tillage. It has the potential to grow rapidly forming dense stands that outcompete and eliminate crops and native vegetation. The leaf and the root contain allelopathic substances that suppress the germination and establishment of seedlings of native plant species. The dense thickets can also affect roads, rails and recreation areas and are nuisance to travellers and tourists. Its burs irritate people and livestock and the roots, leaves, and flowers are strongly phytotoxic and poisonous. Currently it is listed as an agricultural and environmental weed in more than 40 countries.

scholarly journals Herbicide and Native Grass Seeding Effects on Sulfur Cinquefoil (Potentilla Recta)-Infested Grasslands

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan A. Endress ◽  
Catherine G. Parks ◽  
Bridgett J. Naylor ◽  
Steven R. Radosevich
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Exotic Grass

AbstractSulfur cinquefoil is an exotic, perennial forb that invades a wide range of ecosystems in western North America. It forms dense populations and often threatens native plant species and communities. In this study, we address the following questions: (1) what herbicides, rates, and application times are most effective at reducing sulfur cinquefoil abundance while having the least impact on native plants; and (2) does postherbicide seeding with native grass species increase native plant abundance? In 2002, we experimentally examined the effects of five herbicides (dicamba + 2,4-D; metsulfuron-methyl; triclopyr; glyphosate; and picloram) at two rates of application (low and high), three application times (early summer, fall, and a combined early summer–fall treatment), and two postherbicide seed addition treatments (seeded or not seeded) on sulfur cinquefoil abundance, plant community composition, and species richness. Experimental plots were monitored through 2005. Picloram was the most effective herbicide at reducing sulfur cinquefoil density, the proportion of remaining adult plants, and seed production. The effects of picloram continued to be evident after 3 yr, with 80% reduction of sulfur cinquefoil in 2005. In addition, seeding of native grass seeds alone (no herbicide application) reduced the proportion of sulfur cinquefoil plants that were reproductively active. Despite reductions in sulfur cinquefoil abundance, all treatments remained dominated by exotic species because treated areas transitioned from exotic forb- to exotic grass-dominated communities. However, a one-time herbicide application controlled sulfur cinquefoil for at least 3 yr, and therefore might provide a foundation to begin ecological restoration. Herbicide applications alone likely are to be insufficient for long-term sulfur cinquefoil control without further modification of sites through native grass or forb seeding. Integrating herbicides with native plant seeding to promote the development of plant communities that are resistant to sulfur cinquefoil invasion is a promising management approach to ecological restoration.

scholarly journals Neomarica caerulea (walking iris).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Central America ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Light Green

Abstract Neomarica caerulea is a clumping perennial herb often cultivated as an ornamental for its attractive, light green leaves and colourful flowers. It is native to Brazil and also widely cultivated. It has escaped from cultivation and can be found naturalized along roadsides, in abandoned farms and pastures and in disturbed sites in Central America, the Caribbean and South Africa. This species propagates by seed, but also by rhizomes and plantlets. Once established it can form dense colonies that prevent the regeneration of native vegetation and displace native species reducing native plant species richness. Currently it is listed as invasive in Cuba, though its impact is unknown.

scholarly journals Replacement of littoral native vegetation with the ponded pasture grass Hymenachne amplexicaulis: effects on plant, macroinvertebrate and fish biodiversity of backwaters in the Fitzroy River, Central Queensland, Australia

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne A. Houston ◽  
Leo J. Duivenvoorden
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Introduced Fish ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Xiphophorus Maculatus ◽  
Environmental Weed ◽  
Fitzroy River

Changes in plant and macroinvertebrate communities were found following replacement of extensive zones of floating-attached/submergent native vegetation within Fitzroy River backwaters by the major environmental weed Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Poaceae). Impacts of H. amplexicaulis on native littoral flora and fauna (macroinvertebrates and fish) were assessed by comparing three sites previously supporting native vegetation and now invaded by H. amplexicaulis with nearby stands of native backwater vegetation. Plant biomass of Hymenachne plant beds was 30-fold greater than native plant beds, whereas plant species diversity (richness) was significantly less. Macroinvertebrate communities of Hymenachne beds were significantly lower in abundance of insect orders Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera and Odonata, while Coleoptera were more abundant in Hymenachne beds. Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination of macroinvertebrate family abundance and composition data showed that Hymenachne plant beds had a different assemblage to that in native plant beds. In common with other studies of weed invasions, an increased abundance of some vertebrate fauna was observed (in this case an introduced fish species Xiphophorus maculatus comprised 75% of fish captured in Hymenachne beds compared with 0% in native plant beds). Change in vegetation structure was implicated as an important factor influencing macroinvertebrate and fish faunal composition, and with potential to impact on waterbird habitat values of wetlands.

Comparing biocontrol and herbicide for managing an invasive non‐native plant species: Efficacy, non‐target effects and secondary invasion

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1876-1884
Author(s):  
Paul G. Peterson ◽  
Merilyn F. Merrett ◽  
Simon V. Fowler ◽  
Douglas Paul Barrett ◽  
Quentin Paynter
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Secondary Invasion ◽  
Target Effects

scholarly journals Tithonia diversifolia (Mexican sunflower).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval ◽  
Aool Winnifred ◽  
Opio Samuel Morris
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Large Production ◽  
Successful Invader ◽  
New Habitats

Abstract Tithonia diversifolia is a herbaceous flowering plant that has been widely introduced as an ornamental and has escaped from cultivation to become invasive, mostly in disturbed sites, along roadsides and in ruderal areas near cultivation. T. diversifolia is a successful invader of new habitats through its tolerance to heat and drought, its rapid growth rates and its large production of lightweight seeds which are easily dispersed by wind, water and animals. Dormant seeds also remain viable in the soil for up to four months. Once established, T. diversifolia quickly forms dense stands with the potential to outcompete native vegetation and thus prevent the recruitment and growth of native plant species. Allelopathic activity has also been reported for this species.

scholarly journals Herbicidal control of bridal creeper (Asparagus asparagoides) in an ecologically sensitive environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Manfred Jusaitis
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
High Conservation ◽  
Herbicide Concentration ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Environmental Weed

Asparagus asparagoides (bridal creeper) is a highly invasive noxious environmental weed in southern Australia. It poses a severe threat to biodiversity and conservation in temperate natural ecosystems. Pterostylis arenicola, a threatened terrestrial orchid endemic to South Australia, is directly imperilled by this weed in most of its remnant populations. The coincident growth phenologies of orchid and weed make for an ecologically sensitive environment when considering methods of weed control or eradication. To minimise impact on the orchid and its ecosystem, this paper examines the efficacy of herbicide application for A. asparagoides control using the weed wiping technique, comparing it to the conventional spray application method. The most prolonged control of A. asparagoides was achieved after a single wipe-application of 1.5 g a.i. (active ingredient) L−1 metsulfuron methyl, either alone or in combination with 120 g a.i. L−1 glyphosate, both treatments giving significantly better weed control five years after treatment than comparable spray applications. An investigation of the effect of glyphosate on cultures of the mycorrhizal fungus isolated from P. arenicola indicated a significant decline in mycelial growth with increasing herbicide concentration over the range 0.5–3.0 kg a.i. ha−1. These results provide further incentive for the use of ecologically sensitive herbicide application techniques, such as weed wiping, in areas of high conservation concern.

scholarly journals Native plant species with economic value from Minas Gerais and Goiás: a discussion on the currentness of the data recovered by the French naturalist Auguste de Saint-Hilaire

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda LB Mügge ◽  
Juliana Paula-Souza ◽  
Jean C Melo ◽  
Maria GL Brandão
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Economic Use ◽  
Brazilian Biodiversity

ABSTRACT Given the increasing anthropic threats faced by natural ecosystems all around the world, this work holds an important role by recovering primary information of the Brazilian biodiversity. In this study we discuss data collected at a time when the native vegetation in Brazil was still preserved, and the use of plants was primarily made from species of autoctone flora. Those areas were visited by European naturalists in the 19th century, including the French Auguste de Saint-Hilaire, who described the use of numerous native species. The possibility of current economic use of some species cited by him in the 19th century is discussed.

Four new species of eriophyoid mites (Acari: Trombidiformes: Eriophyoidea) on native vegetation from Pampa biome, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil)

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 977-991
Author(s):  
Maicon Toldi ◽  
Noeli Juarez Ferla ◽  
Júlia Jantsch Ferla ◽  
Elisete Maria de Freitas ◽  
Enrico De Lillo
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The State ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Pampa Biome ◽  
Eriophyoid Mites

Four new species of eriophyoid mites (Acari: Trombidiformes: Eriophyoidea) were collected from native plant species from Pampa biome, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and are described and illustrated herein. They have been named: Aculus pampae sp. nov. on Elephantopus mollis Kunth (Asteraceae); Costarectus lanceatus sp. nov. on Sebastiania brasiliensis Spreng. (Euphorbiaceae); Dichopelmus sigfeminae sp. nov. and Rhynacus symflori sp. nov. both on Symplocos uniflora (Pohl) Benth. (Symplocaceae). All new species appeared to be vagrants and no apparent symptom was associated to them.

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