scholarly journals Herbicidal control of bridal creeper (Asparagus asparagoides) in an ecologically sensitive environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Manfred Jusaitis
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
High Conservation ◽  
Herbicide Concentration ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Environmental Weed

Asparagus asparagoides (bridal creeper) is a highly invasive noxious environmental weed in southern Australia. It poses a severe threat to biodiversity and conservation in temperate natural ecosystems. Pterostylis arenicola, a threatened terrestrial orchid endemic to South Australia, is directly imperilled by this weed in most of its remnant populations. The coincident growth phenologies of orchid and weed make for an ecologically sensitive environment when considering methods of weed control or eradication. To minimise impact on the orchid and its ecosystem, this paper examines the efficacy of herbicide application for A. asparagoides control using the weed wiping technique, comparing it to the conventional spray application method. The most prolonged control of A. asparagoides was achieved after a single wipe-application of 1.5 g a.i. (active ingredient) L−1 metsulfuron methyl, either alone or in combination with 120 g a.i. L−1 glyphosate, both treatments giving significantly better weed control five years after treatment than comparable spray applications. An investigation of the effect of glyphosate on cultures of the mycorrhizal fungus isolated from P. arenicola indicated a significant decline in mycelial growth with increasing herbicide concentration over the range 0.5–3.0 kg a.i. ha−1. These results provide further incentive for the use of ecologically sensitive herbicide application techniques, such as weed wiping, in areas of high conservation concern.

scholarly journals News Techniques for the Application of Herbicides on Soybean Crops

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.S. PEREIRA ◽  
C. LIMA ◽  
A.L. MEDEIROS ◽  
S.A.C.M. ARANTES ◽  
R.P. ASSIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Weed Population ◽  
Commercial Area ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Free Growth

ABSTRACT: There is a need for an increase nin efficiency and a reduction in the risk of environmental contamination in controlling weeds; this can be obtained with the development of the new techniques for the application of herbicides. The objective was to verify the efficiency of different herbicide application techniques on soybean crops (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). The experiment was conducted in a commercial area in the municipality of Sinop, Mato Grosso state. The design was a randomized block, with four replications and six treatments, namely: herbicide application with a manual backpack sprayer; application with an acrylic wool roll with 9 mm long hairs; sheep’s wool roller with 9 mm long hairs; high density polyester foam roller; weeding with a hoe and free growth (no control). The used cultivar was TMG 132. The herbicide spray used in the treatments was: glyphosate 960 g ha-1, 80 g ha-1 haloxyfop-p-methyl 600 mL ha-1 and oil, diluted in water and applied 14 and 27 days after emergence (DAE). The weed population, vegetative growth, chlorophyll content and soybean yield were evaluated. The use of the sprayer and the application with the sheep’s wool roller showed greater efficiency in weed control, but the mixture of herbicides resulted in culture phytotoxicity when applied via foliar spraying.

scholarly journals Herbicide gels for controlling old mans beard (Clematis vitalba) in ecologically sensitive areas

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 284-288
Author(s):  
B.G. Ward ◽  
R.F. Henzell
Keyword(s):  
Direct Application ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Nontarget Effects ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Clematis Vitalba ◽  
Environmental Weed ◽  
Target Effects

Old mans beard (Clematis vitalba) is a significant environmental weed and can completely smother the growth of native vegetation in many New Zealand parks and reserves Current herbicide application techniques are either not effective on the weed or can have nontarget effects on adjacent native plant species HortResearch has developed herbicidal gels for the direct application to cut stems to selectively kill target plants The gels were formulated with a range of active ingredients Piclorambased gels were the most effective treatments on old mans beard without causing any non target effects

scholarly journals FLUAZIFOP-P-BUTYL EFFICACY AS A FUNCTION OF APPLICATION TIME AND HERBICIDE DOSE

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.F. CIESLIK ◽  
R.A. VIDAL ◽  
A.B. MACHADO ◽  
M.M. TREZZI
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
The Common ◽  
Bean Crop

ABSTRACT Grass weeds are common in summer crops and strongly decreases the grain yield of the common bean crop. The time of herbicide application influences the variability of environmental conditions and affects the product performance. The objectives of this work were to identify the time of fluazifop-p-butyl (fluazifop) application which gives best grass weed control in the common bean crop and to elucidate the environmental variables most important for the efficacy of this herbicide. Field experiments were conducted involving five application times (2 a.m., 6 a.m., 11 a.m., 4 p.m. and 9 p.m.) and five doses of fluazifop (80, 110, 140, 170 and 200 g ha-1), with additional no-herbicide control. At the time of the herbicide application it was determined the air temperature, relative humidity, the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and the leaf angle, whereas the weed control and the dry mass of the weed Urochloa plantaginea was assessed at 20 days after treatment (DAT). Efficacy on grass control with fluazifop was dependent on the herbicide dose and on the time of day that the product was applied. Spray at early morning hours (6 a.m.) showed better efficacy on weed control in relation to periods during warmer conditions of the day (11 a.m. and 4 p.m.). Nocturnal fluazifop application had better weed control when compared to herbicide sprayed in the afternoon. The air temperature, relative humidity and PAR were correlated to weed leaf angle, which correlated the most with fluazifop performance.

scholarly journals Globe fringerush (Fimbristylis miliacea) cross resistance to als-inhibitor herbicides under field conditions in irrigated rice in the south of Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Schaedler ◽  
J.A. Noldin ◽  
D.S. Eberhardt ◽  
D. Agostinetto ◽  
N.R. Burgos
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
The South ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
South Of Brazil

ALS-inhibiting herbicides usually provide adequate weed control in irrigated rice fields. After consecutive years of use, the Cyperaceae species, globe fringerush (Fimbristylis miliacea) began to show resistance to ALS (acetolactate synthase) inhibitors. Globe fringerush is one of the most problematic herbicide-resistant weeds in irrigated rice in the state of Santa Catarina in the South of Brazil. The objective of this research was to examine cross resistance of globe fringerush to ALS inhibitors, under field conditions. Two experiments were conducted in a rice field naturally infested with ALS-resistant globe fringerush in Santa Catarina, in the 2008/09 and 2009/10 cropping seasons. The experimental units were arranged in randomized complete block design, with five replicates, consisting of two factors (herbicide and dose) in a 4 x 5 factorial arrangement. ALS herbicides included bispyribac-sodium, ethoxysulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and penoxsulam. Six-leaf globe fringerush was sprayed with herbicide doses of 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4X the recommended doses in a spray volume of 200 L ha-1. The number of rice culm, filled and sterile grains, plant height, dry shoot biomass and grain yield were recorded. Globe fringerush control was evaluated 28 and 70 days after herbicide application (DAA); shoots were harvested at 13 weeks after herbicide application and dry weight recorded. Competition with globe fringerush reduced the number of culm and rice grain yield. The globe fringerush biotype in this field was resistant to all ALS herbicides tested. Penoxsulam had the highest level of activity among treatments at 28 and 70 DAA, but the control level was only 50% and 42%, respectively, in the second year of assessment. This was not enough to prevent rice yield loss. Alternative herbicides and weed control strategies are necessary to avoid yield losses in rice fields infested with ALS-resistant biotypes of globe fringerush.

The Effect of Trifluralin Applied Preplant on Grass Weed Control and Establishment and Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio A. Scursoni ◽  
Emilio H. Satorre
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
And Control ◽  
Crop Planting ◽  
Grass Weed

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of preplant applications of trifluralin on barley stand and yield, and control of grass weeds in field experiments during 1992 and 1993. Factors examined were: (1) crop planting patterns (conventional drill with rows 15 cm apart and deep-seeder drill with rows 25 cm apart), (2) herbicide application times (22 d before sowing and immediately before sowing), and (3) herbicide application. During 1993, hand-weeded plots also were established. Trifluralin applied preplant at 528 g ai/ha reduced weed density and biomass. Weed control was higher under conventional planting than under the deep planting pattern, and there was no effect of the time of application on herbicide efficacy. There was no herbicide injury to the crop, and grain yield was higher in treated than in untreated plots due to successful weed control.

scholarly journals APPLICATION HEIGHT IN HERBICIDES EFFICIENCY IN BEAN CROPS

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-614
Author(s):  
G. A. M. PEREIRA ◽  
L. H. BARCELLOS JR ◽  
D. V. SILVA ◽  
R. R. BRAGA ◽  
M. M. TEIXEIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Spray Solution ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Sprayer Nozzle

ABSTRACTInadequate herbicide application can result in failures in weed control and/or poisoning of the crops, resulting in yield losses. In this research were assessed the effects of the sprayer nozzle boom height in the distribution of the spray solution for weed control, influencing intoxication of beans and crop yield. Experiments were conducted in laboratory and field conditions. In laboratory, the performance of flat spray tip TT 11002 was assessed at heights 0.20, 0.30, 0.40 and 0.50 meters with respect to the target surface. In the field the same heights were assessed in applications of herbicides fomesafen, fluazifop-P-butyl and fomesafen + fluazifop-P-butyl. There was an inverse relationship between the height of the spray boom and the coefficients of variation of the patterns. The mixture better efficiency in a tank of fluazifop-P-butyl + fomesafen was obtained with the height of 0.50 m from the target. This treatment resulted in better weed control, lower poisoning of the bean plants and better crop yield rates.

Weed management practices in glyphosate-tolerant and conventional cotton fields in Australia

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Werth ◽  
C. Preston ◽  
G. N. Roberts ◽  
I. N. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Roundup Ready ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Cotton Fields ◽  
Herbicide Use

Forty growers in 4 major cotton-growing regions in Australia were surveyed in 2003 to investigate how the adoption of glyphosate-tolerant cotton (Roundup Ready) had influenced herbicide use, weed management techniques, and whether changes to the weed spectrum could be identified. The 10 most common weeds reported on cotton fields were the same in glyphosate-tolerant and conventional fields in this survey. Herbicide use patterns were altered by the adoption of glyphosate-tolerant cotton with up to 6 times more glyphosate usage, but 21% fewer growers applying pre-emergence herbicides in glyphosate-tolerant fields. Other weed control practices such as the use of post-emergence herbicides, inter-row cultivation and hand hoeing were only reduced marginally. However, growers indicated that management practices are likely to change over time, especially with the introduction of enhanced glyphosate tolerance technology (Roundup Ready Flex), and anticipate a 32% decrease in the number of growers using alternative weed management practices. To date, management practices other than glyphosate use have not changed markedly in glyphosate-tolerant cotton indicating a conservative approach by growers adopting this technology and reflecting the narrow window of herbicide application. The range of weed control options still being employed in glyphosate-tolerant cotton would not increase the risk of glyphosate resistance development.

Evidence of sodium limitation in ants and termites in a Neotropical savanna

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Natalie A. Clay ◽  
Donald B. Shepard ◽  
Adrian A. Garda ◽  
Daniel O. Mesquita ◽  
Alexandre Vasconcellos
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Nutritional Ecology ◽  
Neotropical Savanna ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Neotropical Savannas ◽  
High Conservation ◽  
Type Water ◽  
Conservation Concern

Abstract Nutritional ecology of ropical ecosystems like Neotropical savannas, which are of high conservation concern, is understudied. Sodium is essential for heterotrophs but availability often falls short relative to plant consumer requirements. Savanna plant consumers like ants and termites should be sodium-limited due to high temperatures, nutrient-poor soils, and lack of oceanic sodium deposition. We tested the hypothesis that Neotropical savanna ants and termites are sodium-limited. Termites were tested by supplementing 0.25 m2 plots with H2O (control), 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1.0% NaCl and measuring termite presence and artificial substrate mass loss after 1 week. Ants were tested by collecting ants that recruited to H2O (control), 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1.0% NaCl and 1.0%, 10%, and 20% sugar baits on paired diurnal–nocturnal transects. Termites were 16 times more likely to occur on 1% NaCl than H2O plots and wood-feeding termites were most frequent. However, the decomposition rate did not differ among treatments. Ant bait use increased with increasing NaCl concentration and 1% NaCl usage was similar to sugar bait usage. Ants were 3.7 times more active nocturnally than diurnally, but contrary to predictions bait type (water, sugar or NaCl) usage did not differ between day and night. Together, these results provide strong evidence of sodium limitation in Neotropical savannas.

Optimizing the Application Time of Pre-emergence Herbicide Pendimethalin and Oxyfluorfen Application for Effective Weed Management in Irrigated Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) and Its Residue Persistence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Selvakumar ◽  
R. Ajaykumar ◽  
A. Ammaiyappan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency

Background: Time of pre-emergence herbicide application is an important factor that decides the efficiency of herbicide. If the pre-emergence herbicide is not applied at appropriate time, it may cause ineffective weed control or toxicity to crops. With this background, a field experiment was conducted at TNAU, Madurai to optimize the time of pre-emergence herbicides namely pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen application for effective weed management in irrigated blackgram. Methods: The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replication. Treatments were application of pendimethalin at 0.75 kg ha-1 and oxyfluorfen at 0.2 kg ha-1 on 1, 2, 3, 4 days after sowing, weed free check and unweeded check. Result: Results of the study revealed that oxyfluorfen gave maximum weed control efficiency as compared to pendimethalin, but toxicity to the crop was observed when oxyfluorfen was sprayed after 2 days of sowing. Yield and economics were achieved higher with application of 0.75 kg ha-1 of pendimethalin at 2 DAS, which was on par with application of 0.2 kg ha-1 of oxyfluorfen at 1 DAS due to lesser toxicity. Application of 0.75 kg ha-1 of pendimethalin and 0.2 kg ha-1 of oxyfluorfen didn’t leave any herbicide residue after harvest. Hence, application of 0.75 kg ha-1 of pendimethalin at 2 DAS and 0.2 kg ha-1 of oxyfluorfen at 1 DAS can be recommended for effective weed management in irrigated balckgram.

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