NECESSARY CHARACTERISTICS OF BARLEY VARIETIES FOR ADAPTATION TO UNFAVORABLE WEATHER CONDITIONS

1970 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
В. А. Batasheva ◽  
R. А. Abdullaev ◽  
Е. Е. Radchenko ◽  
О. N. Kovaleva, ◽  
I. А. Zveynek
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Average Sample

At the Dagestan experimental station, 360 samples of barley were studied from the world gene pool of the VIR named after NI Vavilov.  The sample was represented by 2- and 6-row, winter and spring, of different eco-geographical origin forms of culture. As a result of the long-term laboratory-field studies, samples with a productivity of more than 500 g / m2 were identified with an average sample size of 200-400 g. The Isp value of the noted varieties >1, therefore, they can be classified as ecologically plastic varieties. Samples of double-row barley are morphologically characterized by a combination of increased productive bushiness with a smaller number of spikelets, respectively, and grains in the ear than the six-row barley.  Theoretically, one would expect that with the development of plants and the formation of a crop under favorable conditions, low productive bushiness of 6-row forms is compensated by a large number of spikelets and grains in the ear; a smaller number of spikelets and grains in the ear in 2-row rows - high productive bushiness. At the same time, the significance of morphological differences in subspecies in the formation of their final productivity would not be significant. However, in the study area, six-rowed barley is more affected by the widespread Swedish fly (the factor that limits crop yield in the region) than double-rowed and in general the samples of the distichon L. subspecies exceed those of vulgare L. over the final crop. The frequency of occurrence of productive forms is higher among two-row barley. On the basis of the analysis of the results of many years of research, taking into account that the factors affecting the harvest of barley in this zone are plant damage caused by fungal diseases, damage to the Swedish fly, lodging, and salinization, we consider it economically more efficient to cultivate, in conditions of irrigated farming, southern Dagestan  with the corresponding characteristics.

Factors affecting colony attendance by Ancient Murrelets (Synthliboramphus antiquus)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian L. Jones ◽  
Anthony J. Gaston ◽  
J. Bruce Falls
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Weather Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cyclical Pattern ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Nesting Season ◽  
Colony Attendance

We studied factors influencing variation in nightly levels of activity (birds arriving and vocalizing) and numbers of birds staging offshore at a colony of Ancient Murrelets at Reef Island, British Columbia, during 1984, 1985, and 1986. Activity was restricted to the hours of darkness and extremely variable in magnitude from night to night. The rate of entry into burrows tended to decrease, and the amount of vocalization and numbers of birds at the staging area increased during the nesting season. We detected an underlying 4-day cyclical pattern of attendance. Nightly variability of activity at the colony was affected by moonlight and weather conditions. Since activity, particularly vocalization, was reduced on moonlit nights, we suggest that nocturnal colony attendance is a strategy to avoid diurnal predators in this species. The largest numbers of birds were present and vocalizing at the colony on calm moonless nights. Weather conditions explained a substantial proportion of the night to night variability in murrelet activity. Among weather variables, wind speed had the most consistent effect and was particularly important in 1985. Both short-term, i.e., of a particular night, and long-term, i.e., over the previous 3 days, conditions influenced activity. Our observations suggest that direct weather effects at the colony may be more important than weather effects related to foraging conditions. Interyear differences in activity may have resulted from the interaction of weather and general foraging conditions.

scholarly journals NEW SOURCES OF SEEDLESS GRAPES OF ANAPA EXPERIMENTAL STATION SELECTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
I.V. Gorbunov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Seedless Grape ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Grape Varieties

It is commonly known that the share of seedless grape varieties in the total production in the country is very small. Of 106 table varieties included in the register, only 4 varieties are of kishmish direction (Kishmish radiant, Korinka Russian, Yuzhnoberezhny, Yalta seedless). These varieties are in great demand, since their berries are used both fresh and dried. This article presents results of long-term research on isolation of genetic seedlessness donors among grape varieties of Anapa zonal experimental station of viticulture and winemaking, such as Lotos, Zhemchug of Anapa and Kishmish pink AZOS. These studies were carried out with a simultaneous complex study of economically valuable traits and annually changing weather conditions. In addition, the assessment of these varieties was carried out according to seedlessness sign intensity in the conditions of the Anapo-Taman viticulture zone. The greatest mass of rudiments of all analyzed samples was found in Kishmish pink AZOS variety, therefore, it was assigned to the third category of seedlessness, although the mass ratio of rudiments to the mass of the berry is negligible. The rest of the studied seedless grape varieties in comparison with the control variety (Radiant Kishmish) have a higher seedless class. It particularly concerns varieties such varieties as Zhemchug of Anapa and Lotus, belonging to the first and second classes of seedlessness, respectively. Along with this, a long-term work was carried out to study the yield of these varieties and their productivity (coefficients of fruiting and fertility), the phenology of plant development depending on weather conditions. In particular, it was found that high productivity parameters are observed in all the studied varieties every year; Lotus and Zhemchug of Anapa have also high yield every year. The conducted work has shown prospects for using grape varieties of Anapa Experimental Station as future seedlessness donors.

Cryptic grey-bellied dunnart (Sminthopsis griseoventer) discovered in South Australia: genetic, morphological and subfossil analyses show the value of collecting voucher material

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Kemper ◽  
Steven J. B. Cooper ◽  
Graham C. Medlin ◽  
Mark Adams ◽  
David Stemmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Mitochondrial Control Region ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Voucher Specimens ◽  
Voucher Material ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Almost All

The assumption that almost all mammal species are known to science has led to a recent trend away from collecting voucher specimens/tissues during field studies. Here we present a case study of a recently discovered cryptic marsupial (Sminthopsis griseoventer) in South Australia (SA) and show how such collections can contribute to rigorous biodiversity and biogeographic assessments. Morphological and genetic (allozyme and mitochondrial control region (CR) sequence data) analyses, including ancient DNA analyses of type material, were applied to 188 voucher specimens and 94 non-vouchered tissues of Sminthopsis held at the SA Museum. These data were used to confirm the presence of S. griseoventer in SA, validate means of identifying it morphologically and describe recent and pre-European distributions. Pelage differences between S. griseoventer and S. dolichura enabled their identification, but external measurements overlapped considerably. Subfossil S. griseoventer were identified from seven deposits and confirmed that in the past the species was more widespread in SA. CR divergences (>1.8%) among Western Australian and SA S. griseoventer suggested its long-term presence in SA. Discrepancies between the mitochondrial and allozyme affinities of S. aitkeni and S. griseoventer, coupled with the lack of obvious morphological differences, indicate that a taxonomic reappraisal of these species is warranted. The study strongly demonstrates an ongoing need for the routine collection of mammal voucher material in biological and environmental impact surveys.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the availability of available moisture in soil by optimization of sowing time and density of statement of sunflower plants in the Right-Bank Steppe of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
Hennadii Pinkovskyi ◽  
Semen Tanchyk
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Flowering Phase ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sowing Period ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
To Receive

Abstract. The article presents the results of scientific researches on the influence of sowing time and density of standing of sunflower plants on the dynamics of the content of available moisture in soil in the conditions of the Right-bank Steppe of Ukraine. One of the decisive factors for the achievement of high and sustainable crop yields in the conditions of unstable moistening of the Right-Bank Steppe of Ukraine is the accumulation and rational use of moisture, which is one of the most important unregulated factors limiting the yield. On average, during the years of research, the most available moisture in the 0-10 cm soil layer was in the first sowing period - when it was heated to a depth of seed 5 - 60C and was 25.0 mm. It was found that the moisture available to plants in the meter layer of soil at the time of sowing remained high and significantly influenced the dynamics of emergence of seedlings. On average, during the years of research, the most available moisture in the 0-100 cm soil layer was during the first sowing period - for warming it to a depth of seed 5 - 60C - 178.6 mm. In such conditions, quite favorable conditions of moistening of the sowing layer of soil are created in order to receive friendly and complete seedlings when sowing in the first - second decade of April. However, at the end of the third decade of April, there is a significant decrease in gross moisture reserves in the sowing and deeper layers of soil, which limits the productivity of crops. Of particular importance for sunflower plants is the content of available moisture in the 0 - 100 cm layer of soil after the formation of baskets. During this period, the sunflower intensively consumes the available moisture from the deeper layers of soil. Analyzing the results of the research, it should be noted that in most cases, a higher seed yield in sunflower hybrids was formed in those variants where the period from the formation of the basket to flowering occurred in June or the first decade of July, regardless of the year of fall medium long-term indicators. It was also found that the moisture available to plants in the meter layer of soil in the flowering phase was different during the years of research and varied in terms of sowing and depended on the density of plants. The highest moisture reserves available to the plants in the soil layer were 0-100 cm, in the crops of Forward hybrids, LG 56.32, LG 54.85, LG 55.82 were at planting densities of 60 thousand hectares, at the first sowing period - in the flowering phase - 127 mm.  The optimal sunflower sowing period for LG 55.82 and LG 54.85 hybrids in the Right Bank steppe is soil warming up to a depth of seed 5-60C, for Forward and LG 56.32 hybrids is warming up to, a depth of seed 9-100C, optimal density - 60 thousand on ha. Under these conditions, the LG 55.82 hybrid produced a yield of 3.85 t / ha, the LG hybrid 54.85 - 3.64 t / ha, the Forward - 3.09 t / ha, the LG hybrid 56.32 - 3.62 t / ha. Taking into account the annual variation of weather conditions of spring sowing, it should be differentiated with regard to water and heat regimes.

Northern soybean varieties: climate effect on growth, development and yield

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Г. Гатаулина ◽  
Н. Заренкова ◽  
С. Никитина
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Climate Effect ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Climate Stress ◽  
Ecosystem Condition ◽  
The One ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Повышение урожайности и её стабилизация у сои необходимы для решения проблемы дефицита растительного белка, сокращения импорта сои и обеспечения белковой независимости России. Скороспелые сорта сои северного экотипа Магева, Светлая и Касатка допущены к производству в Центральном регионе. Актуальность темы определяется необходимостью выявления стрессовых факторов, связанных с влиянием погодных условий на формирование урожайности и её нестабильность у различных сортов сои. Полевые опыты проводили в 20142018 годах на Полевой опытной станции РГАУМСХА им. К. А. Тимирязева на окультуренной дерновоподзолистой почве. Вариабельность показателей формирования урожайности оценивалась по коэффициенту вариации (V). В исследованиях установлена достаточно сильная вариабельность и нестабильность урожайности у сортов сои в зависимости от изменчивости погодных условий в разные годы. Продолжительность вегетации от всходов до созревания составила в среднем 90102 дня, что на 2025 дней меньше, чем в предшествующие годы, видимо, изза потепления климата. Максимальная за вегетацию высота растений изменялась у сорта Магева от 39 до 101 см в зависимости от условий года (V 30,8), у более скороспелого сорта Касатка от 31 до 69 см (V 28,9). В исследованиях подтверждено, что период цветения и образования плодов продолжительностью 2025 дней критический для формирования урожая. Средняя урожайность сортов при недостатке влаги в этот период (в 2014, 2017 годах) была в пределах 0,91,2 т/га при благоприятных условиях (в 2015, 2018 годах) она составила 2,52,8 т/га. В этот период одновременно с интенсивным вегетативным ростом определяются максимальные за вегетацию площадь листьев, число плодов и семян в расчёте на единицу площади (1 м2, 1 га). Коэффициент вариации (V), отражающий степень влияния погодных условий на величину площади листьев и урожайность семян, у сорта Магева составил соответственно 40,4 и 47,5, у сорта Касатка 32,5 и 30,7. Установлено, что предшествующее состояние агроценоза, особенно в критический период (цветение и образование плодов), в значительной мере определяет в последующем величину компонентов урожайности и непосредственно урожайность семян. This investigation took place in 20142018 at the Field Experimental Station of the Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University on sodpodzolic soil. It is important to determine climate stress factors influencing soybean productivity. Weather conditions greatly affected soybean yield variability. Shortseason northern varieties of soybean such as Mageva, Svetlaya and Kasatka performed as objects of study. Growing season from germination to maturation averaged to 90102 days which was 2025 days less, than in previous years, apparently due to climate warming. Trait variability was determined via the variation coefficient (V). Mageva height varied within 39 and 101 cm depending on the year (V 30.8), the one of Kasatka from 31 to 69 cm (V 28.9). 2025day period of flowering and bean formation is crucial for yield production. Soybean productivity averaged to 0.91.2 t ha1 in 2014 (water deficit) and 2.52.8 t ha1 in 2015 and 2018 (favorable conditions). Leaf square area, bean and seed number per square unit were determined at this time. V of leaf area and seed yield amounted to 40.4 and 47.5 for Mageva and 32.5 and 30.7 for Kasatka. Ecosystem condition influenced significantly crop productivity.

SELECTION WORK TO IMPROVE PRODUCTIVE AND BREWING QUALITIES OF SPRING BARLEY

1970 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
О. V. Levakova ◽  
L. М. Eroshenko ◽  
А. N. Eroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
Labile Phosphorus ◽  
Loam Soil

The article presents and analyzes data of competitive varietal testing of promising varieties and lines of spring barley for yield and brewing qualities. Field studies were conducted in 2014–2017 on dark gray forest heavy loam soil. Agrochemical parameters are total nitrogen – 0.24%, humus content in a layer of 0-40 cm (according to Tyurin) – 5.19%, hydrolysis nitrogen – 123.5 mg / kg, salt extract pH – 4.92 mg-eq / 100g; labile phosphorus - 34.6 mg / 100g, labile potassium – 20.0 mg / 100g. The forerunner is winter wheat. Meteorological conditions in the years of research differed from each other and from the average long-term value. Barley samples were assessed by the protein content in the grain (GOST 10846-91), extract content (GOST 12130-77), weight 1000 grains (GOST 10842-89). Ecological plasticity was determined by the method proposed by E.D. Nettevich, A.I. Morgunov and M.I. Maksimenko, stability index (Ľ) by A. A. Gryaznov, indicator of stability level (Puss) by E. D. Nettevich and A. I. Morgunov. The main measure for assessing quality indicators is protein content. Many other biochemical and technological features of grain depend on its level. The experimental data convincingly testify to the significant influence of the soil and climatic conditions on the yield and, especially, on the brewing qualities of barley in the conditions of the Central Region of the Nonchernozem Zone. According to the studied traits, new valuable varieties Nadezhny, Sir, Noble and selection lines 141 / 1-09 h 746, 23 / 1-10 h 784, distinguished by high adaptability and resistance to adverse environmental factors, have been identified.

INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR MAKING MANAGEMENT DECISIONS IN THE FIELD OF PREVENTION OF EYE DISEASES AT STUDENTS BASED ON MULTI-VARIANT SIMULATION AND FORECASTING

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
Юлия Владимировна Татаркова ◽  
Татьяна Николаевна Петрова ◽  
Олег Валериевич Судаков ◽  
Александр Юрьевич Гончаров ◽  
Ольга Николаевна Крюкова
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Factor Space ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Eye Fatigue ◽  
Modeling And Forecasting ◽  
Medical Examinations

В настоящей статье представлен обзор основных решений, доступных сегодня для формирования как краткосрочных, так и долгосрочных проекций заболеваемости болезней глаза и его придаточного аппарата в студенческой среде. С другой стороны, существует ряд проблем, связанных с многообразием факторов, влияющих на заболеваемость, статистической необоснованностью и противоречивостью имеющихся результатов анализа данных. Представлены результаты математического моделирования зависимости показателя заболеваемости от наиболее влиятельных факторов образовательной и социальной среды. Перечислены важнейшие направления разработки математических моделей распространения заболеваемости. С помощью разработанного программного комплекса проведена серия вычислительных экспериментов по оценке и прогнозированию заболеваемости обучающихся в вузах разного профиля. Показана эффективность применения методики многовариантного моделирования и прогнозирования, указаны их ограничения и возможности практического применения. По расположению обобщенной области благоприятного прогноза в факторном пространстве можно определить время воздействия неблагоприятных для зрения факторов, которое должно составлять не более 10 ... 11 часов в сутки, количество профилактических мероприятий должно составлять не менее 3 ... 4. При этом риск развития миопии составит не более 0,4, вероятность усталости глаз за компьютером составит не более 0,4, вероятность дискомфорта глаз на занятиях составит не более 0,15. Исходя из характера прогноза, определяется длительность диспансерного наблюдения, а также потребность профилактических мероприятий по устранению или ослаблению действия неблагоприятно влияющих социально-гигиенических и медико-биологических факторов конкретного больного. Использование прогностической матрицы в практическом здравоохранении позволяет существенно улучшить работу по профилактике офтальмологической заболеваемости и является одним из эффективных мероприятий диспансеризации студенческой молодежи, так как дает возможность выделить из числа обучающихся группу с высоким риском неблагоприятного исхода заболевания This article provides an overview of the main solutions available today for the formation of both short-term and long-term projections of the incidence of eye diseases and its adnexa in the student environment. On the other hand, there are a number of problems associated with a variety of factors affecting the incidence, statistical unreasonability and inconsistency of the available data analysis results. The results of mathematical modeling of the dependence of the incidence rate on the most influential factors of the educational and social environment are presented. The most important areas of developing mathematical models for the spread of morbidity are listed. With the help of the developed software package, a series of computational experiments was carried out to assess and predict the incidence of students in universities of various profiles. The effectiveness of the application of multivariate modeling and forecasting methods is shown, their limitations and practical application possibilities are indicated. By the location of the generalized region of favorable prognosis in the factor space, it is possible to determine the exposure time of factors unfavorable for vision, which should be no more than 10 ... 11 hours a day, the number of preventive measures should be at least 3 ... 4. At the same time, the risk of development myopia will be no more than 0.4, the probability of eye fatigue at the computer will be no more than 0.4, the likelihood of eye discomfort in the classroom will be no more than 0.15. Based on the nature of the forecast, the duration of the follow-up observation is determined, as well as the need for preventive measures to eliminate or weaken the action of adverse social, hygienic and biomedical factors of a particular patient. The use of the prognostic matrix in practical health care can significantly improve the work on the prevention of ophthalmic morbidity and is one of the effective medical examinations for students, since it makes it possible to distinguish among the students a group with a high risk of an unfavorable outcome of the disease

The problem of ballistic design of the space system Earth remote sensing in stable near-circular sun-synchronous orbits with long-term spacecraft lifetime

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
V. M. Artyushenko ◽  
D. Y. Vinogradov
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Target Function ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Space Systems ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Space System ◽  
Earth Remote Sensing ◽  
Synchronous Orbit ◽  
Favorable Conditions

The article deals with the issues related to the problem of ballistic design of the space system of remote sensing of the Earth on stable near-circular solar-synchronous orbits with long-term existence of spacecraft. We propose a rational method of maintaining a solar-synchronous orbit in given light conditions with prolonged active lifetime of space systems. In solving this problem, the total time of normal operation of the system for a given period of operation, during which the most favorable conditions for the use of spacecraft are provided on the main parts of orbits, is taken as a target function.

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