DYNAMICS OF AN INTERIOR INDICATORS OF HOLSTEIN BREED HEIFERS AND THEIR MOTHERS IN THE TRANSITION LACTATION PERIOD

1970 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
G. G. Karlikova ◽  
R. А. Rykov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 1

The article deals with a comparative analysis of biochemical and morphological parameters of blood of Holstein cows during the transit period of lactation and obtained from them heifers of the dairy period. The content of globulin in the blood serum of group 1 cows at 1 month of lactation is 56,0 g/l, at 3 months 53,9 g / l, which is significantly higher than the level in other groups (P≤0,05). In group 3 cows at the 3rd month of lactation, creatinine significantly increased to 74,8 mmol/l (P≤0,05). The blood content of alkaline phosphatase in 1 month of lactation in all examined animals is normal. The blood glucose level in cows is kept in the range of 3,6-4,0 at 1 month and 2,7 – 4,3 at 3 months of lactation (at the norm of 2,0 – 4,8 mmol/l). The concentration of total blood protein in calves at 3 months is within the normal range, but the variation was from 70,3 in group 1 to 84,4 g / l in group 3 (P≤0,05). Significant changes in the serum creatinine content at the 3rd month of life of experimental calves of group 3 up to 73,6 mmol/l (P≤0,10) within the normal range determine the intensity of adaptive mechanisms. Glucose in the blood serum of heifers is at the upper limit of the norm in groups 1 and 2 – 4,9 mmol/l (the norm is 4,8 mmol/l), which indicates a fairly high energy security of the calves ' diet. Total bilirubin in the blood serum of heifers of groups 1 and 2 is slightly higher than normal (the upper limit of the norm is 8,15) – 9,3 and 8,7 mmol/l. By the third month, the total bilirubin content in the blood of group 2 heifers increased to 10,7 mmol/l (P≤0,05), in the rest – within the normal range.

The effect of hGH on hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid function in patients with pituitary dwarfism

1980 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiko Demura ◽  
Hajime Yamaguchi ◽  
Ichiji Wakabayashi ◽  
Hiroshi Demura ◽  
Kazuo Shizume
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Pituitary Dwarfism ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Symptoms And Signs ◽  
Group 1

Abstract. The effect of growth hormone (hGH) on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid function was studied in patients with pituitary dwarfism. Twenty-six patients were given KABI hGH, 0.5 U/kg/week, for a period of 4—18 months. Three groups of patients were identified according to their T4 levels before and during the treatment. Group 1: T4 levels were initially normal and stayed in the normal range throughout a course of treatment. Group 2: T4 levels were initially normal but dropped to the subnormal range after hGH. Group 3: T4 levels were initially subnormal and decreased further after hGH. Changes in T4 levels after hGH in groups 2 and 3 were accompanied by a decrease in plasma T3RSU without concomitant decrease in plasma T3. Clinically, most of them lacked symptoms and signs of hypothyroidism and exhibited a good growth response to hGH. Plasma TSH response to TRH in these patients revealed a sustained delayed pattern, which was suggestive of hypothalamic hypothyroidism. This pattern of TSH response to TRH became further exaggerated after hGH therapy. In contrast, TSH response to TRH among patients in group 1 was normal and was not influenced by hGH. Administration of 4.0 U of KABI hGH daily for 21 consecutive days to 3 patients resulted in a shortened half-life of T4 and inversely prolonged that of T3. These results suggest that various degrees of TRH deficiency exist among patients with idiopathic pituitary dwarfism. Therapy with hGH discloses a mild TRH deficiency by accelerating the half-life of T4. This also causes a further drop in the T4 levels in those with marked TRH deficiency. The development of clinical hypothyroidism is not so obvious in these patients because of inverse delay in half-life of T3 by hGH.

scholarly journals Prediction of Ergogenic Mouthguard Effects in Volleyball: A Pilot Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. E96-E101
Author(s):  
Antina Schulze ◽  
Martin Busse
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Resting Tone ◽  
Group 1

AbstractDental occlusion may affect static and dynamic balance. The effects of a mouthguard on pinpoint accuracy in volleyball were investigated in 28 players who completed a volleyball specific test. Also, masticatory electromyographic tests were performed. The mean pinpoint accuracy was significantly higher with a mouthguard (68.6±9.3 vs. 64.0±7.0 points from 100; p< 0.006). However, differential mouthguard effects were seen, and three subgroups were classified: Group 1 (markedly improved pinpoint accuracy), Group 2 (improved pinpoint accuracy), and Group 3 (reduced pinpoint accuracy). Group 1 had a high masseter resting tone, the masseter activity was low in MVC (maximum voluntary clench) and increased in BOC (maximum bite on cotton rolls; p< 0.04). This indicates a masseter weakness, which would be compensated by a mouthguard. In Group 2, the masseter activity in MVC was high-normal with an imbalance which was improved in BOC (p< 0.01), indicating a possible mouthguard benefit. In Group 3, MVC and BOC were in a high-normal range and showed no relevant deficits. In these subjects the mouthguard had adverse effects. Overall, subjects with masticatory deficits had a benefit from the mouthguard in pinpoint accuracy. Positive or negative mouthguard responders may be detectible from electromyographic tests.

Studies on the effects of milking on calf growth and viability and on cow reproductive performance in traditionally managed N'Dama herds

1991 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Agyemang ◽  
R. H. Dwinger ◽  
A. S. Grieve ◽  
D. A. Little
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Calving Rate ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACTThe effects of milking on the overall productivity of N'Dama cattle kept under village conditions were studied using three groups of cows during a 27-month period. One group of 46 cows in 16 herds in Nioro Jattaba village was not milked for human consumption and their calves had access to all of their milk (group 1). Another group of 46 cows in the same herds was partially milked for human use once a day while the calves had access to the residual milk (group 2), the normal husbandry practice in this village. A third group of 70 cows in six herds, managed similarly in a similar production environment in the nearby village of Keneba, was milked twice daily with the residual milk for their calves, the normal husbandry in this village. A mean extraction of 296 (s.d. 110·7) kg milk per cow occurred in group 2 during a lactation period of 517 days while the figure for group 3 was 450 (s.d. 177·7) kg per cow over 430 days. At the end of the observation period, calf mortality to 12 months averaged 6% and was similar in all groups. Calf weights at 12 months in group 1 (98·1 kg) exceeded that of groups 2 and 3 by proportionately 0·26 and 0·38 (P < 0·001) respectively. Mean calving rate was 53% in groups 1 and 2, and 72% in group 3. Post-partum body-weight losses were most severe in group 1, followed in order by groups 2 and 3. A herd productivity index (incorporating calf weight, live weight equivalent of milk extracted for human use, cow and calf viability and calving rate) was 100·7 kg calf weight per 100 kg metabolic weight of cow per year for group 1, 110·2 for group 2 and 166·1 kg for group 3. These values suggest that recommendations to small-holder farmers for enhancing livestock productivity should include strategies to improve milk yields in general rather than advocating no milk extraction or changing the milking regime currently practised.

scholarly journals Metabolic profile of sows at different parities and with different litter size

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-88
Author(s):  
Horea Samanc ◽  
Zeljko Sladojevic ◽  
Ivan Vujanac ◽  
Radisa Prodanovic
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Bilirubin Concentration

The aim of this work was to investigate the change of metabolic profile of sows during the lactation period, taking into consideration both parity and number of piglets in a litter (litter size). In order to do this, 30 sows immediately after farrowing were taken and divided into three groups: sows with two farrowing (first group; n=10), ones with four farrowing (second group; n=10), and ones with five and more farrowing (third group; n=10). In regard to a litter size, 20 sows were divided into two groups: sows with eight piglets (first group; n=10), and sows with 10 and more piglets (second group; n=10). All the sows included in the experiment were mestizos of large Yorkshire and Swedish Landrace. Blood samples were taken on the 2nd and 28th day of lactation. In the blood serum samples there were determined the concentration of total proteins, albumins, Total bilirubin, calcium and inorganic phosphorus. The results have shown that there was not a significant difference in proteinemia between the groups on the 2nd day after farrowing, while on the 28th day of lactation, proteinemia was significantly lower only in the group with ten or more piglets in a litter. In all the groups, except for the group with ten or more piglets in the litter, proteinemia was significantly higher on the 28th compared to the 2nd day of lactation. Albumin concentration in blood serum of different groups of sows followed the same trend as protein concentration, with the only difference that albuminemia in sows with ten or more piglets in a litter was approximately the same on the 2nd and 28th day of lactation. Total bilirubin concentration in blood serum on the 2nd day after farrowing was equal in different groups of sows, provided that in sows with five or more farrowings it was significantly higher in regard to other groups. Similar divergence was also determined on the 28th day after farrowing. The sows of 4th parity had significantly lower and the ones with 10 or more farrowings higher bilirubinemia on the 28th compared to the 2nd day of lactation. Glycaemia was significantly lower in the sows with ten or more piglets in a litter in regard to other groups both on the 2nd and 28th day of lactation. Calcaemia was significantly lower on the 2nd in regard to the 28th day of lactation in all the groups, except for the group of sows with ten or more piglets in a litter. In the group with 10 or more piglets in a litter, calcaemia was significantly lower compared to other groups both on the 2nd and 28th day. The sows of 4. Parity had significantly lower phosphataemia in regard to other groups both on the 2nd and 28th day of lactation. Moreover, on the 28th day of lactation, the sows with 10 or more piglets in a litter had significantly lower phosphataemia in regard to all the other groups, except for the group of sows of 4th parity. Phosphataemia varied between the 2nd and 28th day of lactation in neither group except for the group of sows with 10 or more piglets in a litter. On the basis of the obtained results it can be concluded that between the 2nd and 28th day of lactation significant changes in concentrations of some parameters of metabolic profile in sows in lactation occur. The determined changes are most pronounced in elderly sows as well as in the ones with ten or more piglets in a litter, being a result of impeded bile flow or metabolic load due to the increased activity of mammary glands.

Metabolic processes and rumen digestion in sheep when fat is fed from Hermetia illucens larvae

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
V. A. Devyatkin ◽  
◽  
G. A. Ivanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Fat Feeding ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Hermetia Illucens Larvae

The article examines the effect of fat obtained from the dried larva of Hermetia illucens on the metabolic processes and rumen digestion in Romanov sheep. The obtained research results showed that fat feeding did not affect the level of total blood protein (81,03 vs. 82,27 g/l; p>0,05) with almost the same ratio of albumin to globulins (0,75 vs. 0,82; p>0,05). The level of urea in the animals of the experimental group was also at the control level (6,16 vs. 6,93 mmol/l; p>0,05). A higher level of AST in the blood serum of the experimental animals by 25,5% (p<0,05), with a General orientation to the increase of the ratio of AST/ALT (p>0,05). Fat feeding resulted in an increase in the level of total bilirubin in to 78,3% (p<0,01), and 25,5% (p<0,05) in AST levels compared to the control, which may indirectly indicate an intensification of metabolic processes in animals of this group, with almost the same level of alkaline phosphatase. In the sheep of the experimental group, there was a slight increase in the fermentation processes in the rumen, as evidenced by an increase in the level of VFA by 6,9% with a decrease in pH by 0,13 units, with an increase in the concentration of ammonia by 24,5% by 3 hours after feeding compared with the indicators of the control group.

scholarly journals Trends in consumption of ultra-processed foods and obesity in Sweden between 1960 and 2010

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 3096-3107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippa Juul ◽  
Erik Hemmingsson
Keyword(s):  
Food Products ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Group 1

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate how consumption of ultra-processed foods has changed in Sweden in relation to obesity.DesignNationwide ecological analysis of changes in processed foods along with corresponding changes in obesity. Trends in per capita food consumption during 1960–2010 were investigated using data from the Swedish Board of Agriculture. Food items were classified as group 1 (unprocessed/minimally processed), group 2 (processed culinary ingredients) or group 3 (3·1, processed food products; and 3·2, ultra-processed products). Obesity prevalence data were pooled from the peer-reviewed literature, Statistics Sweden and the WHO Global Health Observatory.SettingNationwide analysis in Sweden, 1960–2010.SubjectsSwedish nationals aged 18 years and older.ResultsDuring the study period consumption of group 1 foods (minimal processing) decreased by 2 %, while consumption of group 2 foods (processed ingredients) decreased by 34 %. Consumption of group 3·1 foods (processed food products) increased by 116 % and group 3·2 foods (ultra-processed products) increased by 142 %. Among ultra-processed products, there were particularly large increases in soda (315 %; 22 v. 92 litres/capita per annum) and snack foods such as crisps and candies (367 %; 7 v. 34 kg/capita per annum). In parallel to these changes in ultra-processed products, rates of adult obesity increased from 5 % in 1980 to over 11 % in 2010.ConclusionsThe consumption of ultra-processed products (i.e. foods with low nutritional value but high energy density) has increased dramatically in Sweden since 1960, which mirrors the increased prevalence of obesity. Future research should clarify the potential causal role of ultra-processed products in weight gain and obesity.

scholarly journals Abnormalities of Serum Protein Electrophoresis in Cattle and Comparison between Assays for Markers of Inflammation and Markers of Liver Alteration

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-213
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Protein Electrophoresis ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Γ Globulins ◽  
Glutamyl Transpeptidase

This study aims to prove the advantage to use blood serum electrophoresis (BSE) in medicine for cattle. For that, 200 animal’s cases (healthy or diseased) were studied. We found, in order of importance: 47 cases of respiratory diseases, 7 cases of lameness, 9 cases of mastitis and 8 cases of metritis, the rest have developed inflammatory signs (hyperthermia, low appetite) without any other specific clinical signs (15 subjects). The majority of animals reveal the highest ratio A/G (Albumin/globulin). Alpha2 globulins were markedly high during bronchopneumonia. Most of the cattle had a low value of the α1 globulins (3.67±1.16g/l). The majority of cattle had a low value of the α1 zone in comparing with normal range. Seven subjects have developed a monoclonal peak in hyper-gamma globulins. The fibrinogen concentrations did not exceed the threshold of 5g/l. The concentration of Haptoglobin was higher for only ten animals. The electrophoresis of blood serum can replace the biochemical parameters used to determinate the alterations of the liver function: total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). We found if the level of the α2 and γ globulins is highest; it gives the same interpretation for the animal’s inflammation status like we have with the increased level of haptoglobin observed for bronchopneumonia. For the other cases, like the insidious pathologies, they are detected by the α2 and γ globulins, but not by haptoglobin. Our study has proved that the use of blood serum electrophoresis confirms the diagnosis of symptomatic pathologies and allows detecting asymptomatic pathologies.

INFLUENCE OF THE DURABLE APPLICATION OF PROTONIC PUMP INHIBITORS ON CYTOKINE CONCENTRATION IN RAT BLOOD SERUM

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1575-1580
Author(s):  
Serhii V. Pylypenko ◽  
Andrii A. Koval ◽  
Makarchuk V. Viktoria ◽  
Kostiantyn F. Chub
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hcl Secretion ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Group 1

The aim: Of the work was to determine the content of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the blood serum of the control group rats and after 28 days of inhibiting HCl secretion in the stomach by proton pump blockers “Omeprazole” and “Pantoprazole”. Materials and methods: The studies were performed on 30 white non-linear male rats weighing 160-180 g, divided into three groups with 10 animals in each. The control (group 1) were injected intraperitoneally with water for injections within 28 days once a day. Group 2 was administered omeprazole. Group 3 was administered pantoprazole. The concentration of cytokines in the blood serum of rats was determined by the enzyme immunoassay method. For statistic data processing, Student’s t-criterion for independent samples was applied. Results: After prolonged administration of omeprazole and pantoprazole, the blood serum concentrations of IFNγ, TNFα, IL-1 in rats increased by 58.5% and 3.41%, 73.3% and 48.4%, 80.2% and 40.8%, respectively, and IL-12B 40p decreased by 36.6% when using omeprazole and was almost indistinguishable from the control values when pantoprazole was administered. With administration of omeprazole, IL-4 concentration decreased by 39.8% and that of pantoprazole increased by 3.86% compared to the control. Administration of omeprazole and pantoprazole did not affect IL-6 concentration. Conclusion: Inhibition of hydrochloric acid secretion in the stomach of rats for 28 days using omeprazole and pantoprazole led to an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The adverse effect of pantoprazole was less pronounced than that of omeprazole.

scholarly journals Effect of experimental fascioliasis on the protein synthesis function of cow liver

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 612-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Kulyaba ◽  
V. Stybel ◽  
B. Gutyj ◽  
I. Turko ◽  
R. Peleno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
The Body ◽  
Atypical Mycobacteria ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Destructive Processes

The purpose of the work was to explore the indicators of functional state and function of protein synthesis of the cow liver within experimental fasciolysis, sensitized to atypical mycobacteria. Ten cows of black-and-white breed were selected for the experiments. Two groups consisting of five animals each were formed. The control group cows were clinically healthy. The animals of the experimental group were contaminated with mycobacteriosis and fascicular invasion. In the course of research, the rules for performing zootechnical experiments on the selection and maintenance of animal-analogues in the group, harvesting technology, use and accounting of consumed feed were followed. Being impacted by fascicular invasion, the cattle sensitized with mycobacteria demonstrated the suppression of the liver protein synthesis function, which manifests itself as a decrease in total blood protein, a decrease in the level of albumins and an increase in the level of globulins. According to the clinical manifestation of fasciolosis in the cattle sensitized with atypical mycobacteria, disease pathogens have a toxic effect on hepatocytes causing an increase in the permeability of the biological membranes of the cell membranes. The indicated changes lead to an increase in the activity of blood serum enzymes, in particular, aminotransferases (AsAT and AlAT) and alkaline phosphatase. High activity of AlAT and AsAT in the blood serum of the cows under experimental fasciolysis sensitized by atypical mycobacteria, indicates destructive processes in the liver that cause release of aminotransaminases from cellular organelles in the blood of the cattle. Thus, the results obtained indicate an increase in destructive processes in the body of the cows under experimental fascioliasis sensitized with atypical mycobacteria.

scholarly journals Increasing consumption of ultra-processed foods and likely impact on human health: evidence from Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Augusto Monteiro ◽  
Renata Bertazzi Levy ◽  
Rafael Moreira Claro ◽  
Inês Rugani Ribeiro de Castro ◽  
Geoffrey Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Food Products ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Minimally Processed ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

AbstractObjectiveTo assess time trends in the contribution of processed foods to food purchases made by Brazilian households and to explore the potential impact on the overall quality of the diet.DesignApplication of a new classification of foodstuffs based on extent and purpose of food processing to data collected by comparable probabilistic household budget surveys. The classification assigns foodstuffs to the following groups: unprocessed/minimally processed foods (Group 1); processed culinary ingredients (Group 2); or ultra-processed ready-to-eat or ready-to-heat food products (Group 3).SettingEleven metropolitan areas of Brazil.SubjectsHouseholds;n13 611 in 1987–8,n16 014 in 1995–5 andn13 848 in 2002–3.ResultsOver the last three decades, the household consumption of Group 1 and Group 2 foods has been steadily replaced by consumption of Group 3 ultra-processed food products, both overall and in lower- and upper-income groups. In the 2002–3 survey, Group 3 items represented more than one-quarter of total energy (more than one-third for higher-income households). The overall nutrient profile of Group 3 items, compared with that of Group 1 and Group 2 items, revealed more added sugar, more saturated fat, more sodium, less fibre and much higher energy density.ConclusionsThe high energy density and the unfavourable nutrition profiling of Group 3 food products, and also their potential harmful effects on eating and drinking behaviours, indicate that governments and health authorities should use all possible methods, including legislation and statutory regulation, to halt and reverse the replacement of minimally processed foods and processed culinary ingredients by ultra-processed food products.

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