Abnormalities of Serum Protein Electrophoresis in Cattle and Comparison between Assays for Markers of Inflammation and Markers of Liver Alteration

This study aims to prove the advantage to use blood serum electrophoresis (BSE) in medicine for cattle. For that, 200 animal’s cases (healthy or diseased) were studied. We found, in order of importance: 47 cases of respiratory diseases, 7 cases of lameness, 9 cases of mastitis and 8 cases of metritis, the rest have developed inflammatory signs (hyperthermia, low appetite) without any other specific clinical signs (15 subjects). The majority of animals reveal the highest ratio A/G (Albumin/globulin). Alpha2 globulins were markedly high during bronchopneumonia. Most of the cattle had a low value of the α1 globulins (3.67±1.16g/l). The majority of cattle had a low value of the α1 zone in comparing with normal range. Seven subjects have developed a monoclonal peak in hyper-gamma globulins. The fibrinogen concentrations did not exceed the threshold of 5g/l. The concentration of Haptoglobin was higher for only ten animals. The electrophoresis of blood serum can replace the biochemical parameters used to determinate the alterations of the liver function: total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). We found if the level of the α2 and γ globulins is highest; it gives the same interpretation for the animal’s inflammation status like we have with the increased level of haptoglobin observed for bronchopneumonia. For the other cases, like the insidious pathologies, they are detected by the α2 and γ globulins, but not by haptoglobin. Our study has proved that the use of blood serum electrophoresis confirms the diagnosis of symptomatic pathologies and allows detecting asymptomatic pathologies.

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Subchronic Toxicity Study in Rats of Two New Ethyl-Carbamates with Ixodicidal Activity

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/467105 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

María Guadalupe Prado-Ochoa ◽

Víctor Hugo Abrego-Reyes ◽

Ana María Velázquez-Sánchez ◽

Marco Antonio Muñoz-Guzmán ◽

Patricia Ramírez-Noguera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasma Proteins ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Male Rats ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽

Subchronic Toxicity ◽

Biochemical Alterations ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Glutamyl Transpeptidase

Female and male Wistar rats were used to determine the subchronic oral toxicities of two new ethyl-carbamates with ixodicidal activities (ethyl-4-bromphenyl-carbamate and ethyl-4-chlorphenyl-carbamate). The evaluated carbamates were administered in the drinking water (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg/day) for 90 days. Exposure to the evaluated carbamates did not cause mortality or clinical signs and did not affect food consumption or weight gain. However, exposure to these carbamates produced alterations in water consumption, hematocrit, percentages of reticulocytes, plasma proteins, some biochemical parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, cholinesterase, and creatinine activities), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and the relative weight of the spleen. Histologically, slight pathological alterations were found in the liver that were consistent with the observed biochemical alterations. The nonobserved adverse effect levels (NOAELs) of the evaluated carbamates were 12.5 mg/kg/day for both the female and male rats. The low severity and reversibility of the majority of the observed alterations suggest that the evaluated carbamates have low subchronic toxicity.

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Transitions of Liver and Biliary Enzymes during Proton Beam Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers12071840 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 1840

Author(s):

Taisuke Sumiya ◽

Masashi Mizumoto ◽

Yoshiko Oshiro ◽

Keiichiro Baba ◽

Motohiro Murakami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Proton Beam ◽

Liver Damage ◽

Bragg Peak ◽

Total Bilirubin ◽

Normal Liver ◽

Proton Beam Therapy ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽

Preserve Liver Function ◽

Glutamyl Transpeptidase

Proton beam therapy (PBT) is a curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), because it can preserve liver function due to dose targeting via the Bragg peak. However, the degree of direct liver damage by PBT is unclear. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed liver/biliary enzymes and total bilirubin (T-Bil) as markers of direct liver damage during and early after PBT in 300 patients. The levels of these enzymes and bilirubin were almost stable throughout the treatment period. In patients with normal pretreatment levels, aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and T-Bil were abnormally elevated in only 2 (1.2%), 1 (0.4%), 0, 2 (1.2%), and 8 (3.5%) patients, respectively, and in 8 of these 13 patients (61.5%) the elevations were temporary. In patients with abnormal pretreatment levels, the levels tended to decrease during PBT. GGT and T-Bil were elevated by 1.62 and 1.57 times in patients who received 66 Gy (RBE) in 10 fractions and 74 Gy (RBE) in 37 fractions, respectively, but again these changes were temporary. These results suggest that direct damage to normal liver caused by PBT is minimal, even if a patient has abnormal pretreatment enzyme levels.

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Amiodarone-Induced Cirrhosis of Liver: What Predicts Mortality?

ISRN Cardiology ◽

10.1155/2013/617943 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Nasir Hussain ◽

Anirban Bhattacharyya ◽

Suartcha Prueksaritanond

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Side Effects ◽

Prospective Studies ◽

Statistical Difference ◽

Total Bilirubin ◽

Latency Period ◽

Refractory Angina ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽

Cirrhosis Of Liver ◽

Glutamyl Transpeptidase

Introduction. Amiodarone has been used for more than 5 decades for the treatment of various tachyarrhythmias and previously for the treatment of refractory angina. There are multiple well-established side effects of amiodarone. However, amiodarone-induced cirrhosis (AIC) of liver is an underrecognized complication. Methods. A systematic search of Medline from January 1970 to November 2012 by using the following terms, amiodarone and cirrhosis, identified 37 reported cases of which 30 were used in this analysis. Patients were divided into 2 subsets, survivors versus nonsurvivors, at 5 months. Results. Aspartate aminotransferase was significantly lower (P=0.03) in patients who survived at 5-months (mean 103.33 IU/L) compared to nonsurvivors (mean 216.88 IU/L). There was no statistical difference in the levels of prothrombin time, total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, cumulative dose, and latency period between the two groups. The prevalence of DM, HTN, HLD, CAD, and CHF was similar in the two groups. None of the above-mentioned variables could be identified as a predictor of survival at 5 months. Conclusion. AIC carries a mortality risk of 60% at 5 months once the diagnosis is established. Further prospective studies are needed to identify predictors of AIC and of mortality or survival in cases of AIC.

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DYNAMICS OF AN INTERIOR INDICATORS OF HOLSTEIN BREED HEIFERS AND THEIR MOTHERS IN THE TRANSITION LACTATION PERIOD

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2020/5/57-62 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 57-62

Author(s):

G. G. Karlikova ◽

R. А. Rykov

Keyword(s):

Blood Serum ◽

Total Bilirubin ◽

High Energy ◽

Blood Protein ◽

Lactation Period ◽

Normal Range ◽

Total Blood ◽

Upper Limit ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 1

The article deals with a comparative analysis of biochemical and morphological parameters of blood of Holstein cows during the transit period of lactation and obtained from them heifers of the dairy period. The content of globulin in the blood serum of group 1 cows at 1 month of lactation is 56,0 g/l, at 3 months 53,9 g / l, which is significantly higher than the level in other groups (P≤0,05). In group 3 cows at the 3rd month of lactation, creatinine significantly increased to 74,8 mmol/l (P≤0,05). The blood content of alkaline phosphatase in 1 month of lactation in all examined animals is normal. The blood glucose level in cows is kept in the range of 3,6-4,0 at 1 month and 2,7 – 4,3 at 3 months of lactation (at the norm of 2,0 – 4,8 mmol/l). The concentration of total blood protein in calves at 3 months is within the normal range, but the variation was from 70,3 in group 1 to 84,4 g / l in group 3 (P≤0,05). Significant changes in the serum creatinine content at the 3rd month of life of experimental calves of group 3 up to 73,6 mmol/l (P≤0,10) within the normal range determine the intensity of adaptive mechanisms. Glucose in the blood serum of heifers is at the upper limit of the norm in groups 1 and 2 – 4,9 mmol/l (the norm is 4,8 mmol/l), which indicates a fairly high energy security of the calves ' diet. Total bilirubin in the blood serum of heifers of groups 1 and 2 is slightly higher than normal (the upper limit of the norm is 8,15) – 9,3 and 8,7 mmol/l. By the third month, the total bilirubin content in the blood of group 2 heifers increased to 10,7 mmol/l (P≤0,05), in the rest – within the normal range.

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Cigarette smoking exacerbates health problems in young men

Clinical & Investigative Medicine ◽

10.25011/cim.v31i3.3471 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 138 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Chien-Min Kung ◽

Hai-Lung Wang ◽

Zu-Lin Tseng

Keyword(s):

Total Bilirubin ◽

Young Male ◽

Health Problems ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Exhaled Carbon Monoxide ◽

Young Smokers ◽

Age Range ◽

Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽

Carbon Monoxide Content

Purpose: To examines the hypothesis that smoking exacerbates health problems in young male smokers (age range, 18.6-22.8 yr; mean, 19.4 yr). Methods: 1169 subjects were recruited, 25.41 % were smokers (2-15 cigarettes daily). All subjects were examined for body mass index, blood pressure, exhaled carbon monoxide content (carboxyl hemoglobin), blood hematology and biochemistry. Results: Data for WBC (P < 0.001), hemoglobin (P=0.001), hematocrit (P=0.004), MCV (P=0.001), MCH (P=0.003), COHB% (P < 0.001), albumin/globulin (P < 0.001) and triglyceride (P < 0.001) were higher for smokers than non-smokers, while total-bilirubin (P < 0.001), total protein (P < 0.001) and globulin (P < 0.001) were markedly lower. The results of WBC (r=0.164, P < 0.004), COHB% (r=0.958, P < 0.001), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (r=0.159, P=0.006), alkaline-phosphatase (r=-0.154, P=0.008) and triglyceride (r=0.144, P < 0.001) were closely correlated with number of cigarettes smoked daily. Investigation of associations with illness revealed that young smokers had an increased risk of hypertriglyceridemia to young non-smokers (adjusted ORs, 2.124; 95% CIs, 1.414-3.190), hyperglycemia (adjusted ORs, 1.980; 95% CIs, 0.803-4.901), neutrophilia (adjusted ORs, 1.947; 95% CIs, 1.248-3.037), RBC macrocytosis (adjusted ORs, 1.929; 95% CIs, 1.137-3.275), hyperchromia (adjusted ORs, 1.844; 95% CIs, 1.412-2.407) and polycythemia (adjusted ORs, 1.314; 95% CIs, 0.805-2.145) (all P < 0.05 for linear trends). Conclusion: The findings emphasize the importance of increasing surveillance of diseases exacerbated by smoking and reducing smoking in the young to prevent cardiovascular illnesses, metabolite disorders and other clinical diseases.

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Early elevated serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase after liver transplantation is associated with better survival

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.3316.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 85 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Edris M Alkozai ◽

Ton Lisman ◽

Robert J Porte ◽

Maarten W Nijsten

Keyword(s):

Liver Transplantation ◽

Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Total Bilirubin ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

Glutathione Metabolism ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽

Gamma Glutamyl ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Glutamyl Transpeptidase

Background: Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is a membrane bound enzyme that plays a key role in the synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione. Epidemiological studies have linked high GGT with an increased risk of morbidity and cardiovascular mortality. In contrast, GGT is usually elevated in liver transplant recipients that experience good outcomes.Aims: To study if and how GGT is correlated with mortality following liver transplantation.Methods: We analyzed the prognostic relevance of serum GGT levels during the early and late postoperative period after liver transplantation in 522 consecutive adults. We also studied alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total bilirubin levels.Results: Early after transplantation, the peak median (interquartile range) GGT levels were significantly higher in patients who survived more than 90 days compared to non-survivors: 293 (178-464) vs. 172 (84-239) U/l, p<0.0001. In contrast, late after transplantation, GGT levels were significantly lower in patients who survived more than 5 years than those who did not (p<0.01). The pattern of GGT levels also differed from those of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total bilirubin early after transplantation, while these patterns were congruent late after transplantation. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that early after transplantation the higher the GGT levels, the better the 90-day survival (p<0.001). In contrast, late after transplantation, higher GGT levels were associated with a lower 5-year survival (p<0.001).Conclusions: These paradoxical findings may be explained by the time-dependent role of GGT in glutathione metabolism. Immediate postoperative elevation of GGT may indicate a physiological systemic response while chronic elevation reflects a pathological response.

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A Case Report of Alcoholic Liver Disease with Jaundice Treated with Korean Medicine

The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine ◽

10.22246/jikm.2021.42.5.949 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (5) ◽

pp. 949-957

Author(s):

Jae-yoon Ahn ◽

Sang-song Sim ◽

Sol Jeong ◽

Yong-jeen Shin ◽

Kang-san Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽

Mean Corpuscular Volume ◽

Total Bilirubin ◽

Corpuscular Volume ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽

Korean Medicine ◽

Blood Tests ◽

Glutamyl Transpeptidase

Objective: This study aimed to report a case of alcoholic liver disease with jaundice that was improved with Korean medicine treatment.Methods: A patient who developed jaundice due to continuous drinking was treated with herbal medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion, and cupping. Blood tests were performed to measure the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP), total bilirubin, albumin, and total protein; AST/ALT ratio; and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Jaundice parameters were subjectively recorded at 3-day intervals.Results: After treatment, the AST, ALT, ALP, γ-GTP, and total bilirubin levels; MCV; and jaundice were decreased.Conclusion: Korean medicine treatment appeared to be an effective method for alcoholic liver disease with jaundice.

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Relationship Between Gamma-glutamyl Transpeptidase Activity and Inflammatory Response in Lichen Planus

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.3.6189 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 739-743 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Madalina Irina Mitran ◽

Ilinca Nicolae ◽

Corina Daniela Ene ◽

Cristina Iulia Mitran ◽

Clara Matei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Lichen Planus ◽

Inflammatory Process ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Functional Adaptation ◽

Physical Factors ◽

Inflammatory Disorder ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽

Gamma Glutamyl ◽

Glutamyl Transpeptidase

Chemicals used in the manufacture of synthetic fibers have been associated with undesirable side effects such as itching or skin lesions and it seems that they are involved in the induction of pathological processes such as oxidative stress and inflammation. Lichen planus (LP) can be regarded as an inflammatory disorder, chemical and physical factors playing an important role in the perpetuation of the inflammatory process. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) plays an important role in the preservation of skin architecture and modulation of skin inflammation. In this study, we found that GGT activity is increased in LP patients with mild inflammation, whilst GGT is inactivated under conditions of severe inflammation. Therefore, GGT is involved in the inflammatory process, but there is no a positive correlation between its activity and the intensity of the inflammatory response. This functional adaptation of the enzyme may be due to down-regulation of its synthesis under free radical overload conditions. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the modulation of intracellular redox homeostasis is an important step in the pharmacological management of patients with LP.

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