scholarly journals Cadre Formation of Farmers in The Utilization of Plant Biological Resources for Vegetable Pest and Disease Control [Kaderisasi Petani Dalam Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Hayati Tumbuhan Untuk Pengendalian Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman Sayuran]

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 673
Author(s):  
Syarif Hidayat ◽  
Nenet Susniahti ◽  
Yadi Supriyadi ◽  
Lucyana Trimo
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
West Java ◽  
Botanical Pesticides ◽  
Biological Resources ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Botanical Pesticide ◽  
Farmer Groups ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides

The efforts to form a cadre of botanical pesticides user to reduce of synthetic pesticides used in vegetable have been carried out at Cisero Village, Cirapuhan Subdistrict, Garut Regency, West Java Province. These efforts were carried out through the workshop method. Through this method, we increased the understanding of candidates in synthetic pesticides used impact by film media and discussions, trained in inventory and extract method of botanical pesticide, testing and evaluating extracts potential in controlling vegetable pests and diseases. Farmers participating in the workshop were selected by the farmer groups target and was delimitated to six peoples. Cadres of botanical pesticide user were determined based on the attendance level, an understanding the rise of pesticide impact use; interests, activities, and practical ability during the workshop. In the implementation, the attendance at the workshop was 15 participants (250% of the target), although the attendance average was below 100%, with a minimum attendance of 70%. Only 6 participants reached 100 % attendance and actively participated in all workshop processes. Based on the evaluation results, only 6 participants (40%) could be selected as cadres. However, to increase their confidence in using plant resources as a substitute/complement to synthetic pesticides is still need further guidance.

Medically Important Vector Borne Disease Control-Botanical Plant Extract Trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Rakhshan .
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
High Level ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Mosquitoes are vectors of many pathogens which causes serious human diseases like Malaria, Filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, Yellow fever and Zika virus which constitute a major public health problem globally. Mosquito borne diseases cause high level of economic impact all over the world and result in millions of death every year. They infect around 700,000,000 people annually worldwide and 40,000,000 only in India. The continuous use of synthetic pesticides to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance, toxic effect on human health, environmental pollution and addition to these, its adverse effects can be observed on non-target organisms. Synthetic chemical pesticides have been proved to be effective, but overall in last 5 decades indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides against vector borne disease control have originated several ecological issues due to their residual accumulation and development of resistance in target vectors and their chronic effects.

scholarly journals Synthesis of green and pure copper oxide nanoparticles using two plant resources via solid-state route and their phytotoxicity assessment

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 3346-3353
Author(s):  
Iman Khaldari ◽  
Mohammad Reza Naghavi ◽  
Elaheh Motamedi
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Copper Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Stabilizing Agents ◽  
Biological Resources ◽  
Solid State Route ◽  
Conventional Methods

Among the conventional methods in synthesizing nanoparticles, the methods that use biological resources, as reducing and stabilizing agents, can be considered eco-friendly methods.

scholarly journals Identification of Potential Plants Producing Tannin-protein Complex for a-amylase as Botanical Pesticide

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asriyah Firdausi ◽  
Tri Agus Siswoyo ◽  
Soekadar Wiryadiputra
Keyword(s):  
Protein Complex ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Betel Nut ◽  
Botanical Pesticides ◽  
Botanical Pesticide ◽  
Areca Catechu ◽  
Gnetum Gnemon

Research  on  the  development  of  botanical  pesticides  should  be developed  through  new  methods,  such  as  by  inhibiting the  activity  of  digestive enzymes  by  secondary  metabolites.  The  aim  of  this  study  was  to  identify some  of  potential  plants  as  a  source  of  tannin-protein  complexes  to  inhibitthe  activity  of  - amylase.  The  study  of  identification  of  potential  plants producing  the  active  ingredient  tannin-protein  complex  was  divided  into  three stages,  1)  identification  of  potential  plants  producing  tannin,  2)  isolation  of tannin-protein  complexes,  and  3)  in  vitro  test  of  tannin-protein  complexes effect  of  the  -amylase activity.  Some  of  the observed  plants  were  sidaguri  leaf (Sida rhombifolia), melinjo leaf (Gnetum gnemon), gamal leaf (Gliricidia sepium),lamtoro  leaf  (Leucaena  leucocephala) ,  betel  nut  (Areca  catechu) ,  and  crude gambier  (Uncaria  gambir) a s  a  source of  tannins  and  melinjo  seed was  used  asprotein  source.  Betel  nut  and  melinjo  seed  were  the  best  source  of  tannin-protein  complex,  tannin  content  1.77  mg  TAE/mL  with  antioxidant  activity  of  90%,the  ability  to  inhibit  the  activity  of  -amylase by  95%  with  IC 50  values  of 10 mg/mL.Key words: Tannin, protein, -amylase, botanical pesticides,Areca catechu, Gnetum gnemon.

Harnessing chemical ecology for environment-friendly crop protection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seogchan Kang ◽  
Rhea Lumactud ◽  
Ningxiao Li ◽  
Terrence H Bell ◽  
HyeSeon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides

Heavy reliance on synthetic pesticides for crop protection becomes increasingly unsustainable, calling for robust alternative strategies that do not degrade the environment and vital ecosystem services. There exist numerous reports of successful disease control using various microbes in small-scale trials. However, their inconsistent efficacy has hampered large-scale applications. An enhanced understanding of how beneficial microbes interact with plants, other microbes, and the environment and which factors affect their efficacy of disease control is crucial to deploy microbial allies as effective and reliable pesticide alternatives. Diverse metabolites produced by plants and microbes participate in pathogenesis and defense, regulate the growth and development of themselves and neighboring organisms, help maintain cellular homeostasis under varied environmental conditions, and affect the assembly and activity of plant and soil microbiomes. However, research on the metabolites associated with plant growth/health-related processes, except antibiotics, has not received adequate attention. This review highlights several classes of metabolites known or suspected to affect plant health, focusing on those associated with biocontrol and belowground plant-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions. The review also presents how new insights anticipated from systematically exploring the diversity and mechanism of action of bioactive metabolites can be harnessed to develop novel crop protection strategies.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Mango Seedlings and Mango Varieties: A Case Study of Nurseries in Mango Production Center in Majalengka, West Java, Indonesia

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Puspitasari ◽  
Qanti ◽  
Hardiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
International Markets ◽  
The Other ◽  
West Java ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
The University ◽  
Low Rate

Mango is a favorite tropical fruit in both domestic and international markets. Due to its features that are relatively easy to grow and more resistant to pests and diseases, the success rate of producing the seedlings is higher compared to the other perennial fruit plants. Despite of these advantages, the sector is still facing several constrains. One of them is the low rate of certified seedling used that may affects the productivity of mango trees. Limited availability of superior certified mango seedlings that is faced by mango nurseries is suspected as one of the cause. This paper aims to describe the dynamic that occurs in mango nursery sector in one of mango production centres in West Java. The data was collected through survey of 260 nurseries in 2016 and was part of Indohort project research; a collaboration between Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), Iindonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development (ICHORD), and the University of Adelaide. The results showed that: (1) Only 7% of the total number of nurseries has a formal certification for seedlings that are produced, (2) in average, mango nurseries produce less mango seedlings in 2016 compared to 2011; (3) mango nursery’s specialization rate decreased from 32% in 2011 to 19% in 2016, (4) the share of Harumanis (mango variety that is most preferred in Indonesia) seedlings production per nursery, decreased from 89% in 2011 to 65% in 2016; (4) Further improvement related to mango seedlings marketting chain needs to be done to create a better mango seedling market structure along the chain.

scholarly journals Application of Mina Padi in Lidah Tanah Village, Perbaungan District, Serdang Bedagai Regency

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
Syarifa Mayly
Keyword(s):  
Farming System ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Organic Rice ◽  
Pest Monitoring ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Farmer Groups ◽  
Farmer Income ◽  
Organic Pesticides

"Berkat" Farmers Group and "Serasi" Farmers Group are farmer groups located in Lidah Tanah Village, Perbaungan District. There are various problems found in the two farmer groups, which are: (a) Low / limited farmer income, (b) Increasing pests and diseases attack, (c) Unfamiliarity about mina padi lele cultivation system and do not implement it to increase their income, to optimize land, to reduce pest and weed attacks, to increase the efficiency of fertilizers and water usage, (d) Farmers do not know and do not implement routine pest monitoring systems, (e) Farmers have no knowledge about organic pesticides production, (f) Farmers have no knowledge about organic feed production for catfish cultivation and (g) Environmental pollution due to excessive use of pesticides and less utilization of harvest waste such as rice straw. The solution to overcome these various problems is by applying mina padi lele technology, which is a farming system by combining the techniques of rice cultivation and raising fish simultaneously in paddy fields. The results showed that the application of the mina padi lele cultivation system greatly benefited farmers, where organic rice produced from the mina padi lele system was 263.5 kg/rante (1 rante equals to 625 m2) with additional 57.5 kg/rante of organic catfish products while non-organic rice produced from cultivation conventionally applied by farmers is 257.6 kg / rante.

scholarly journals PERAN KELOMPOK TANI DALAM KEGIATAN USAHATANI KAKAO DI DESA KETULUNGAN KECAMATAN SUKAMAJU KABUPATEN LUWU UTARA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-101
Author(s):  
Ulfa Lestari ◽  
Megawati Idris
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Cocoa Farmer ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Farmer Groups ◽  
The Government ◽  
Depth Interviews

The formation of farmer groups will make it easier for farmers to carry out their farming activities. This study aims to examine the role of farmer groups in cocoa farming activities in Ketulungan Village. The approach used in this study is a qualitative descriptive approach. Respondents were cocoa farmer groups selected using a purposive method. Data collection is done by in-depth interviews with respondents and informants. The informants in this study were extension agents both from related institutions and from the private sector. The results of this study indicate that the role of farmer groups in farming activities includes: (1) Farmer groups as a forum for sharing information, namely farmer groups disseminating information obtained from instructors to their members through meetings; (2) Farmer groups as a place of discussion, namely farmer groups as a place to find solutions to problems in cocoa farming activities such as maintenance and handling of pests and diseases; (3) Farmer groups as a forum for learning, namely farmer groups as a place to get knowledge about cocoa cultivation; (4) Farmer groups as production units, namely farmer groups as providers of facilities and infrastructure in farming activities of their members such as providing fertilizer and cocoa seeds; (5) Farmer groups as a place of cooperation, namely farmer groups capable of cooperating with extension agents, PT Mars and its members in carrying out their farming activities. It is expected that farmer groups, more actively collaborate in farming activities and can cooperate with the government and other parties to improve their farming activities.

scholarly journals Conditions of development of weeds, pests and diseases in crops of monoculture of hemp, depending on fertilizer

2018 ◽  
pp. 66-80
Author(s):  
Mykola Myhal ◽  
Iryna Layko ◽  
Serhiy Mishchenko ◽  
Hanna Kyrychenko ◽  
Hanna Layko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Long Time

The article presents the results of studies of the conditions for the development of weeds, pests and diseases in the sowing of hemp monoculture. It was found that hemp is well adapted for growing for a long time in one field, providing a high yield of hemp production. It is recommended to grow a monoculture on fiber (harvesting in the phase of flowering plants). This makes it possible to avoid the ripening of seeds of the bulk of weeds and the main periods of harmfulness of pests and diseases. Differences in the degree of weediness of the field were revealed depending on the form and dose of fertilizers. In areas fertilized with manure, there are more weeds than in areas with introduced fertilizers. The large contamination of the fertilized areas is a consequence of the introduction of viable weed seeds together with manure, which is not properly harvested and stored in field shoulders. With an increase in the dose of manure, the number of weeds increases, and an increase in the dose of mineral fertilizers with which weed seeds are not introduced, on the contrary, decreases as a result of an increase in the height of the stalk and its foliage. This is clearly confirmed by the fact that during the period from 3-4 pairs of leaves and to the phase of flowering plants, a large number of weeds die. Indicated on agrotechnical methods of weed, pest and disease control when growing hemp monoculture.

scholarly journals Study on Gas Chromatographic Fingerprint of Essential Oil from Stellera Chamaejasme Flowers and Its Repellent Activities against Three Stored Product Insects

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6438
Author(s):  
Yuli Sang ◽  
Jingyu Liu ◽  
Lei Shi ◽  
Xiulan Wang ◽  
Yueqiang Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Storage Pests ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Botanical Pesticide ◽  
Stored Product Pests ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Stellera Chamaejasme

The objective of this study was to establish the chromatographic fingerprints of the essential oil (EO) from Stellera chamaejasme flowers collected from various natural sites by gas chromatography (GC) combined with chemometric methods. The EO was obtained by hydrodistillation, and its chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC−MS). Most components were identified as ketones and the relatively high-content components were fitone (38.973%), n-hentriacontane (5.807%), myristic acid (4.944%) and phytol (3.988%). In addition, the repellent activities of the EO from S. chamaejasme flowers and its four main chemical compounds were evaluated against three stored product pests (Tribolium castaneum, Lasioderma serricorne, Liposcelis bostrychophila) for the first time. In this work, the EO and the four chemical compounds showed a repellent effect against three storage pests after 2 and 4 h exposure. The experimental method and repellent activity of S. chamaejasme flower EO could provide a basis for the development of botanical pesticide and the utilization of the rich plant resources of S. chamaejasme in the future.

scholarly journals Potential Sources of Whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Resistance in Desert Watermelon (Citrullus colocynthis) Germplasm

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Coffey ◽  
Alvin M. Simmons ◽  
B. Merle Shepard ◽  
Yaakov Tadmor ◽  
Amnon Levi
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Citrullus Colocynthis ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Selected Subset ◽  
Choice Assay ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
High Level

Selection for and incorporation of host plant resistance into cultivars is a fundamental strategy to control insects and diseases and may help reduce reliance on synthetic pesticides. The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), is an important pest of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsum. and Nakai var. lanatus] and is among the most damaging pests in many agricultural systems worldwide. Citrullus colocynthis L., a perennial melon species indigenous to arid regions of northern Africa, the Mediterranean region, and southwestern Asia, is a valuable source of resistance to insect pests and diseases of watermelon. Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate selected C. colocynthis genotypes for sources of resistance to B. tabaci. Thirty genotypes of C. colocynthis, collected in different geographic regions, were evaluated against the heirloom cultivar Calhoun Gray using first a horizontal Y-tube olfactometer in the laboratory. A selected subset of the genotypes was evaluated in a second experiment in the laboratory using a vertical monitoring assay. In this assay, whiteflies could freely move upward to feed and oviposit on leaves placed in the upper portion of a Y-tube. In a third experiment, a choice assay was conducted on selected genotypes in cages in the greenhouse. Of the 30 C. colocynthis genotypes evaluated, PI 346082 (collected in Afghanistan) exhibited the highest level of resistance against B. tabaci based on all three experiments. PI 537277 (collected in Pakistan) exhibited a significantly high level of whitefly resistance based on low survival of adult whiteflies and a low ratio of nymphs to eggs. PI 346082 and PI 537277 should be a useful source for breeding projects aiming to improve whitefly resistance in watermelon cultivars.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document