Identification of  Potential Plants Producing Tannin-protein Complex for  a-amylase as  Botanical  Pesticide

Research on the development of botanical pesticides should be developed through new methods, such as by inhibiting the activity of digestive enzymes by secondary metabolites. The aim of this study was to identify some of potential plants as a source of tannin-protein complexes to inhibitthe activity of - amylase. The study of identification of potential plants producing the active ingredient tannin-protein complex was divided into three stages, 1) identification of potential plants producing tannin, 2) isolation of tannin-protein complexes, and 3) in vitro test of tannin-protein complexes effect of the -amylase activity. Some of the observed plants were sidaguri leaf (Sida rhombifolia), melinjo leaf (Gnetum gnemon), gamal leaf (Gliricidia sepium),lamtoro leaf (Leucaena leucocephala) , betel nut (Areca catechu) , and crude gambier (Uncaria gambir) a s a source of tannins and melinjo seed was used asprotein source. Betel nut and melinjo seed were the best source of tannin-protein complex, tannin content 1.77 mg TAE/mL with antioxidant activity of 90%,the ability to inhibit the activity of -amylase by 95% with IC 50 values of 10 mg/mL.Key words: Tannin, protein, -amylase, botanical pesticides,Areca catechu, Gnetum gnemon.

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EFEKTIVITAS BIOPESTISIDA BACILLUS SUBTILIS BNt 8 DAN PESTISIDA NABATI UNTUK PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT HAWAR PELEPAH DAN UPIH DAUN JAGUNG

JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA ◽

10.23960/j.hptt.11753-61 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

Nurasiah Djaenuddin ◽

Amran Muis

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Sheath Blight ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Single Treatment ◽

Pathology Laboratory ◽

Botanical Pesticides ◽

Sheath Blight Disease ◽

Botanical Pesticide ◽

Blight Disease

Effectiveness of the biopesticide of Bacillus subtilis BNt 8 and botanical pesticide in controlling banded leaf and sheath blight disease on maize. Banded leaf and sheath blight disease (BLSB) caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani is difficult to control because it pertained soil borne fungus that can survive in a long time in the soil. Control the disease with synthetic pesticide causing contamination to the environment, so that an environmentally friendly alternative control is needed. This study aimed to obtain a Bacillus subtilis formulation as biological agents and selected botanical pesticides that effective to control BLSB in the field. The study was conducted at the Plant Pathology Laboratory of Indonesia Cereals Research Institutein Maros and at the Bajeng Experimental Farm in Gowa, held from February to August 2015. The reatments consists of several botanical pesticides, B. subtilis formulation, a synthetic fungicide, positive and negative controls. In vitro test was inhibition test between botanical pesticide with R. solani and antagonistic test between the B. subtilis and botanical pesticides, each of them consists of 6 treatments and 3 replications, while the field activity consists of test of effectiveness of single treatment and combination between B. subtilis formulation and botanical pesticides. The results showed that combination of formulated B. subtilis with botanical pesticide of cloves leaves, betel leaves, and turmeric were not significantly different from single treatment of formulated B. subtilis and botanical pesticides. Formulated B. subtilis suppressed the severity of BLSB as much as 39.1% and yield reached 8.4 t/ha.

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RNA and RNA–Protein Complex Crystallography and its Challenges

Australian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1071/ch14319 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 67 (12) ◽

pp. 1741 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Janine K. Flores ◽

James L. Walshe ◽

Sandro F. Ataide

Keyword(s):

Protein Complex ◽

Protein Complexes ◽

Future Directions ◽

Vast Number ◽

X Ray Crystallography ◽

Rna Biology ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

Rna Protein Complexes

RNA biology has changed completely in the past decade with the discovery of non-coding RNAs. Unfortunately, obtaining mechanistic information about these RNAs alone or in cellular complexes with proteins has been a major problem. X-ray crystallography of RNA and RNA–protein complexes has suffered from the major problems encountered in preparing and purifying them in large quantity. Here, we review the available techniques and methods in vitro and in vivo used to prepare and purify RNA and RNA–protein complex for crystallographic studies. We also discuss the future directions necessary to explore the vast number of RNA species waiting for their atomic-resolution structure to be determined.

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Daya Anthelmintik Infusa Biji Buah Pinang (Areca catechu) Terhadap Cacing Ascaridia galli Secara in Vitro

Jurnal Sain Veteriner ◽

10.22146/jsv.40337 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 254

Author(s):

Wida Wahidah Mubarokah ◽

Wisnu Nurcahyo ◽

Kurniasih Kurniasih

Keyword(s):

Egg Production ◽

Anthelmintic Resistance ◽

Negative Control ◽

Economic Losses ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Ascaridia Galli ◽

Group Vi ◽

Group I ◽

Areca Catechu

A. galli infection caused high economic losses and decreased the amount and quality of egg production. The existence of anthelmintic resistance lead to the development of research on alternative treatments for A. galli. This aim of the research was to know LC50 of Areca catechu on infestation of A. galli. In this research A. galli was taken from a chicken slaughterhouse in Terban, Yogyakarta, and was divided into 8 groups for in vitro research. Group I was treated with an 10% infusion of A. catechu; group II was treated with 12.5% infusion of A. catechu; group III was treated with a 15% infusion of A. catechu; group IV was treated with a 17.5% infusion of A. catechu; group V was treated with 20% infusion of A. catechu; group VI was treated with a 22.5% infusion of A. catechu; group VII was treated with 25% A. catechu infusion and group VIII as negative control (0.9% NaCl). A. galli mortality is recorded every one hour until worm mortality is 100%. The results were then analyzed using the Reed and Muench method. Based on the in vitro test the infusion of Areca catechu against Ascaridia galli can cause death in worms with an LC 50 calculation of 21. 18%.

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Nuclear membrane-tethered FRAP method for measuring protein complex off-rates in live cells

10.21203/rs.3.pex-1479/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lindsey R. Pack ◽

Leighton H. Daigh ◽

Mingyu Chung ◽

Tobias Meyer

Keyword(s):

Protein Interactions ◽

Nuclear Membrane ◽

Protein Complex ◽

Protein Complexes ◽

Live Cells ◽

Cdk Inhibitors ◽

Cyclin Dependent Kinase ◽

Protein Protein Interactions ◽

The Stability

Abstract Understanding the stability or binding affinity of protein complex members is important for understanding their regulation and roles in cells. While there are many biochemical methods to measure protein-protein interactions in vitro, these methods often rely on the ability to robustly purify components individually. Moreover, few methods have been developed to study protein complexes within live cells. Binding parameters for cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complexes have been challenging to measure due to difficulty expressing and purifying CDKs separately from activating cyclins. Here, we develop a method to measure off-rates of protein complex components in live-cells. Our method relies on the stable tethering of CDK to the inner nuclear membrane (Figure 1), and the utilization of FRAP to measure the off-rate of soluble, fluorescently-tagged CDK binding proteins. We use this method to study dimeric CDK complexes, measuring the off-rates of cyclins or INK4 CDK inhibitor p16 from CDKs, and trimeric CDK complexes, measuring the off-rate of cyclins and CIP/KIP CDK inhibitors p21 and p27 when bound together.

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Areca catechu nut: a double-edged sword

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20170840 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 700

Author(s):

Ajitha Sharma

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Spatial Memory ◽

East Asian ◽

Areca Nut ◽

Betel Nut ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Learning Behaviour ◽

Areca Catechu ◽

In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

The chewing of Areca catechu nut, more popularly known as betel nut, is one of the ancient traditions in India and other South-east Asian countries. Other than its role played in religious practices and cultural rituals, areca nut has also been described to have various health benefits, particularly antihelminthic and antiviral properties, in the traditional systems of medicine like Ayurveda. It was observed to produce an antidepressant-like effect by elevating the serotonin and norepinephrine levels in hippocampus of rats. It also exhibited analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in mice, and displayed in vitro antioxidant activity. Furthermore, it was found to improve spatial memory and learning behaviour in rats.

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Potensi Vermisidal Infusa Biji Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus), Rumput Kebar (Biophytum petersianum) dan Kulit Buah Pinang (Areca catechu) terhadap Ascaridia galli secara In Vitro

Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan dan Veteriner Tropis (Journal of Tropical Animal and Veterinary Science) ◽

10.46549/jipvet.v11i3.259 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 269

Author(s):

Rizki Arizona ◽

Dwi Nurhayati ◽

Abdul R. Ollong ◽

Priyo Sambodo

Keyword(s):

Body Length ◽

The Body ◽

Betel Nut ◽

Ascaridia Galli ◽

Control Solution ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Areca Catechu ◽

Materials Used ◽

And Control

Abstract This study aimed to determine the vermicidal potency of the infusion of Buah Merah seeds, Rumput Kebar and betel nut peels against Ascaridia galli in chickens and body length of male and female A. galli. Dry test materials (5%, 10% and 15% for each concentration) were immersed in 100 ml of distilled water and incubated at 90 °C for 15 minutes. The solution was filtered using filter paper, and the filtrate was used in the treatment. Three active worms that obtained directly from chicken intestines were placed in 15 cm Petri dishes containing 25 ml of each treatment and control solution. Five replications were performed for each treatment. Observations were made 8 hours after treatment for paralysis and worm death. Measurements of the body length were made from the anterior end to the posterior end of the worm using a ruler. Observational data were processed using Anova, the significant difference was continued by the Tukey HSD test (P<0.05) with SPSS 16.0. Conclusion: all the materials used in this study have potential as anthelmintics against A. galli and the highest dose of rumput Kebar infusion is the best vermicidal. The body length of female A. galli is longer than of the male. Keywords: Betel nut peels; Buah merah seeds; Infusion; Rumput kebar; Vermicidal Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi vermisidal infusa biji Buah Merah, Rumput Kebar dan kulit buah Pinang terhadap Ascaridia galli pada ayam dan ukuran panjang tubuh A. galli jantan dan betina. Bahan uji kering (5%, 10% dan 15% untuk masing-masing konsentrasi) direndam dalam 100 ml aquadestillata dan diinkubasi pada suhu 90 °C selama 15 menit. Larutan disaring menggunakan kertas saring, dan filtratnya digunakan dalam perlakuan. Tiga cacing yang aktif bergerak yang diperoleh langsung dari usus ayam, ditempatkan dalam cawan Petri berukuran 15 cm yang berisi 25 ml masing-masing larutan perlakuan dan kontrol. Dilakukan lima ulangan untuk setiap perlakuan. Pengamatan dilakukan 8 jam setelah perlakuan terhadap paralisis dan kematian cacing. Pengukuran dilakukan dari ujung anterior ke ujung posterior cacing menggunakan penggaris. Data hasil pengamatan diolah menggunakan Anova, perbedaan nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey HSD (P<0,05) dengan SPSS 16.0. Kesimpulan: seluruh bahan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini memiliki potensi sebagai anthelmintik terhadap A. galli dan dosis tertinggi infusa rumput Kebar merupakan vermisidal yang paling baik. Panjang tubuh A. galli betina lebih panjang dari pada jantan. Kata kunci: Biji buah merah; Infusa; Kulit buah pinang; Rumput kebar; Vermisidal

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In Vitro Ovicidal and Larvicidal Activities and Ultrastructure of Ascaridia galli in Native Chickens Treated Using Betel Nut (Areca catechu) Extract

Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.17582/journal.aavs/2021/9.11.1838.1843 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Wida W. Mubarokah ◽

Bambang Sudarmanto ◽

Wisnu Nurcahyo ◽

Joko Prastowo ◽

Kurniasih Kurniasih ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Betel Nut ◽

Ascaridia Galli ◽

Areca Catechu ◽

Native Chickens ◽

Larvicidal Activities

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Haemostatic Platelet Plug Formation in the Isolated Rabbit Mesenteric Preparation - An Analysis of Red Blood Cell Participation

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1650069 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 44 (01) ◽

pp. 006-008 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

D Bergqvist ◽

K-E Arfors

Keyword(s):

Whole Blood ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Adenosine Diphosphate ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Pharmacological Agents ◽

Vitro Test ◽

Releasing Effect ◽

Plug Formation

SummaryIn a model using an isolated rabbit mesenteric preparation microvessels were transected and the time until haemostatic plugs formed was registered. Perfusion of platelet rich plasma gave no haemostasis whereas whole blood did. Addition of chlorpromazine or adenosine to the whole blood significantly prolonged the time for haemostasis, and addition of ADP to the platelet rich plasma significantly shortened it. It is concluded that red cells are necessary for a normal haemostasis in this model, probably by a combination of a haemodynamic and ADP releasing effect.The fundamental role of platelets in haemostatic plug formation is unquestionable but there are still problems concerning the stimulus for this process to start. Three platelet aggregating substances have been discussed – thrombin, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen. Evidence speaking in favour of thrombin is, however, very minimal, and the discussion has to be focused on collagen and ADP. In an in vitro system using polyethylene tubings we have shown that "haemostasis" can be obtained without the presence of collagen but against these results can be argued that it is only another in vitro test for platelet aggregation (1).To be able to induce haemostasis in this model, however, the presence of red blood cells is necessary. To further study this problem we have developed a model where haemostatic plug formation can be studied in the isolated rabbit mesentery and we have briefly reported on this (2).Thus, it is possible to perfuse the vessels with whole blood as well as with platelet rich plasma (PRP) and different pharmacological agents of importance.

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