scholarly journals About some features of constructing fifth generation networks for civil aviation.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.M. Antonova ◽  
◽  
D.S. Klygin ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Heterogeneous Network ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Access Networks ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
5G Communication ◽  
Radio Frequencies

The article is devoted to the construction of 5G communication networks for aviation during landing/take-off. We describe the problem of building this network based on existing standards and the radio frequencies used. The main decision is that the implementation of this task requires the construction of a heterogeneous network, including various types of access networks operating in different frequency ranges, as well as implementing different requirements for the coverage of the mobile network.

Fifth-generation (5G) communication networks and sustainability: A research agenda

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-73
Author(s):  
Maria Palazzo ◽  
Alfonso Siano
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Healthcare Engineering ◽  
5G Communication ◽  
Energy Information

Communication networks hugely improved many fields during the past decades (i.e. education, healthcare, engineering sector, management, etc.). However, the new fifth-generation (5G) communication networks is expected to be able to bring new developments in this sector even faster than the past technologies. This will happen, not only, as the technology will be presented in the field as a new way of approaching data and services, but also, as there is more pressure exerted on 5G, due to the rising need of data that companies and individuals feel in everyday life. The paper suggests that emerging trends in this filed will also be able to create improvements for society, economy, management and environment. Better use of energy, information sharing and resource efficiency, in fact, are some of the main goals that the 5G and the sustainability approach are aiming to achieve. This shows that 5G and sustainability have several features in common that are yet not fully explored nor in theory nor in practice. Thus, proposing a research agenda, the paper aims at analysing this common characteristics, but also to highlight that the 5G can be considered a strategic tool that enables companies to be involved in boosting sustainable development.

scholarly journals Modelling, Investigation, and Feasibility of Stratospheric Broadband mm-Wave 5G and beyond Networks for Aviation

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1872
Author(s):  
Yasser Albagory
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Enabling Technology ◽  
Communication Performance ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Gaseous Absorption ◽  
Practical Feasibility

Recent advances in communication systems provide an enabling technology for aircraft connection and safety. A promising communication system that uses stratospheric platforms provides an efficient and improved communication performance and can be an efficient solution for establishing communication networks for aviation. Therefore, in this paper, a novel communication network based on stratospheric basestation (SB) is proposed to provide fifth-generation (5G) and beyond services for civil aviation aircrafts to improve global flight connectivity, control, and safety. The proposed aircraft–SB network is demonstrated, and its coverage geometry is modelled and investigated. As the 5G and beyond networks use millimeter wave frequency bands (mm-wave), the performance of different atmospheric losses including gaseous absorption, rain, and fog/cloud is analyzed to investigate the system’s practical feasibility at different 5G proposed frequencies ranging from 3.5 to 66 GHz through a flight model including three distinct stages which are takeoff/landing, climbing/descending, and cruise stages. Also, handover scenarios in the proposed aircraft–SB network are investigated and analyzed at the proposed 5G frequencies. In addition, the aircraft–SB 5G network is compared to the most recent low-Earth orbit (LEO) Internet satellites where the proposed system is expected to provide low latency, less atmospheric attenuation, longer aircraft–SB link duration, and very low handover rate.

scholarly journals Millimeter Waves Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna for 5G Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-626
Author(s):  
Farooq Azam ◽  
Shahid Bashir ◽  
Muhammad Ammar Sohaib
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
System Size ◽  
Reconfigurable Antenna ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Pin Diodes ◽  
Single Antenna ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
5G Communication ◽  
Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna

5G (Fifth Generation) is the next generation of data network, offering faster speeds and reliable connections on smart phones and other devices than ever before. These networks are still under development and expected to operate on 28 and 38 GHz bands. However, multiple antennas required for these 5G devices will increase the overall system size. Single antenna which can switch to operate on multiple bands is the solution to this problem. A novel frequency reconfigurable antenna for 5G communication networks is presented in this paper. The antenna was designed on a Roger R5880 substrate having dielectric constant 2.2 and loss tangent 0.0009. The proposed antenna consists of simple radiator on top layer and two slots in the ground layer. The frequency re-configurability is achieved by placing three PIN diodes in each slot of the ground. The operating frequency band of antenna is controlled by switching states of PIN diodes. The proposed antenna covers a wide band from 25.6-39.3 GHz by simply switching the diodes ON/OFF. Thus it can cover 28 and 38 GHz bands that are anticipated to be the two working bands for 5G communication. The overall size of the antenna is 10x7 mm2. In addition to being small this antenna has a good gain ranging from 6.5-8.4 dB as well as 85% efficiency in the two 5G bands. All simulations have been done in CST (Computer Simulation Technology) Studio Suite. This reconfigurable antenna can find applications in future 5G communication networks.

scholarly journals 5G Mobile Services and Scenarios: Challenges and Solutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousaf Zikria ◽  
Sung Kim ◽  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
Haoxiang Wang ◽  
Mubashir Rehmani
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Network ◽  
Future Internet ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Mobile Services ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Industrial Iot ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Massive Number

The Fifth generation (5G) network is projected to support large amount of data traffic and massive number of wireless connections. Different data traffic has different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. 5G mobile network aims to address the limitations of previous cellular standards (i.e., 2G/3G/4G) and be a prospective key enabler for future Internet of Things (IoT). 5G networks support a wide range of applications such as smart home, autonomous driving, drone operations, health and mission critical applications, Industrial IoT (IIoT), and entertainment and multimedia. Based on end users’ experience, several 5G services are categorized into immersive 5G services, intelligent 5G services, omnipresent 5G services, autonomous 5G services, and public 5G services. In this paper, we present a brief overview of 5G technical scenarios. We then provide a brief overview of accepted papers in our Special Issue on 5G mobile services and scenarios. Finally, we conclude this paper.

scholarly journals Image-Based Automatic Watermeter Reading under Challenging Environments

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
Qingqi Hong ◽  
Yiwei Ding ◽  
Jinpeng Lin ◽  
Meihong Wang ◽  
Qingyang Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Spatial Layout ◽  
Single Image ◽  
Automatic Instrument ◽  
Intelligent Sensors ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Instrument Reading ◽  
Network Technologies

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and fifth-generation mobile network technologies, automatic instrument reading has become an increasingly important topic for intelligent sensors in smart cities. We propose a full pipeline to automatically read watermeters based on a single image, using deep learning methods to provide new technical support for an intelligent water meter reading. To handle the various challenging environments where watermeters reside, our pipeline disentangled the task into individual subtasks based on the structures of typical watermeters. These subtasks include component localization, orientation alignment, spatial layout guidance reading, and regression-based pointer reading. The devised algorithms for orientation alignment and spatial layout guidance are tailored to improve the robustness of our neural network. We also collect images of watermeters in real scenes and build a dataset for training and evaluation. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method even under challenging environments with varying lighting, occlusions, and different orientations. Thanks to the lightweight algorithms adopted in our pipeline, the system can be easily deployed and fully automated.

scholarly journals Measuring Key Quality Indicators in Cloud Gaming: Framework and Assessment Over Wireless Networks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1387
Author(s):  
Oswaldo Sebastian Peñaherrera-Pulla ◽  
Carlos Baena ◽  
Sergio Fortes ◽  
Eduardo Baena ◽  
Raquel Barco
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Know How ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Graphics Rendering ◽  
The Impact

Cloud Gaming is a cutting-edge paradigm in the video game provision where the graphics rendering and logic are computed in the cloud. This allows a user’s thin client systems with much more limited capabilities to offer a comparable experience with traditional local and online gaming but using reduced hardware requirements. In contrast, this approach stresses the communication networks between the client and the cloud. In this context, it is necessary to know how to configure the network in order to provide service with the best quality. To that end, the present work defines a novel framework for Cloud Gaming performance evaluation. This system is implemented in a real testbed and evaluates the Cloud Gaming approach for different transport networks (Ethernet, WiFi, and LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and scenarios, automating the acquisition of the gaming metrics. From this, the impact on the overall gaming experience is analyzed identifying the main parameters involved in its performance. Hence, the future lines for Cloud Gaming QoE-based (Quality of Experience) optimization are established, this way being of configuration, a trendy paradigm in the new-generation networks, such as 4G and 5G (Fourth and Fifth Generation of Mobile Networks).

scholarly journals Formal Verification of Authentication and Service Authorization Protocols in 5G-Enabled Device-to-Device Communications Using ProVerif

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 1608
Author(s):  
Ed Kamya Kiyemba Edris ◽  
Mahdi Aiash ◽  
Jonathan Loo
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Network Services ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
D2d Communications ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Device To Device ◽  
Pi Calculus ◽  
Authentication And Authorization

Device-to-Device (D2D) communications will be used as an underlay technology in the Fifth Generation mobile network (5G), which will make network services of multiple Service Providers (SP) available anywhere. The end users will be allowed to access and share services using their User Equipments (UEs), and thus they will require seamless and secured connectivity. At the same time, Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) will use the UE to offload traffic and push contents closer to users relying on D2D communications network. This raises security concerns at different levels of the system architecture and highlights the need for robust authentication and authorization mechanisms to provide secure services access and sharing between D2D users. Therefore, this paper proposes a D2D level security solution that comprises two security protocols, namely, the D2D Service security (DDSec) and the D2D Attributes and Capability security (DDACap) protocols, to provide security for access, caching and sharing data in network-assisted and non-network-assisted D2D communications scenarios. The proposed solution applies Identity-based Encryption (IBE), Elliptic Curve Integrated Encryption Scheme (ECIES) and access control mechanisms for authentication and authorization procedures. We formally verified the proposed protocols using ProVerif and applied pi calculus. We also conducted a security analysis of the proposed protocols.

Prioritizing the influencing factors of utaut-2 model toward mobile network service providers

2021 ◽  
pp. 178359172110553
Author(s):  
Ishani Patharia ◽  
Anjana Pandey ◽  
Sanjay Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Network Service ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Use Of Technology

Technological developments have a major impact on user behavior. The rapidly evolving communication system and technology have provided numerous choices for people. The ever-shifting changes in the generation of communication networks have posed challenges for mobile network service providers to attract and retain customers. This study aims to prioritize the determinants of the adoption of mobile network service providers using the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT-2). In this study, data were collected from 660 mobile phone users in Haryana, India. A fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (F-AHP) was applied to arrange the priority or rank the factors based on the significance of the factors in explaining the adoption of mobile network service providers. Results of the study reveal that efforts expectancy is the highest-ranked and prioritized factor for the adoption of mobile network service providers followed by performance expectancy and facilitating conditions. However, social influence emerged as the least important factor. The present study provides theoretical implications for future researchers by synthesizing and prioritizing the important factors affecting technology acceptance. The practical implications offer a clearer insight to marketers for developing focused pragmatic strategies to retain customer loyalty. The study has considered only UTAUT-2 model constructs and used the F-AHP technique. Other factors may be considered in future studies. Other priority analysis techniques can also be used such as ISM and MICMAC analysis for further study. The research has been conducted in Haryana, India, and therefore, it needs to be tested in other areas/countries for generalizability. JEL Classification: O1, O2, O4

scholarly journals Capacity Analysis and Optimization in Heterogeneous Network with Adaptive Cell Range Control

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyu Gu ◽  
Xin Deng ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Wenyu Li
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Network ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Network Evolution ◽  
Range Extension ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
System Level ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Cell Range

As an attractive means of expanding mobile network capacity, heterogeneous network is regarded as an important direction of mobile network evolution. To increase the capacity of, for example, hot spots, a typical scenario in heterogeneous network is that the coverage areas of low power nodes (LPNs) are overlapped with macrocell. To increase the utilization of small cells generated by LPNs, cell range extension (CRE) is used to extend the coverage of the small cells by adding cell specific offset (CSO) to small cells during cell selection procedure. The value of CSO, however, needs to be set carefully. In this paper, the capacity of users in macrocells, users in small cells, and users in range extension areas is analyzed thoroughly in conditions with and without CRE. Based on the analysis, an adaptive CSO updating algorithm is proposed. The proposed algorithm updates the CSO value periodically by predicting the overall capacity and a new CSO value is selected which can give the optimal overall capacity. The proposed algorithm is evaluated by system-level simulations. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can ensure a nearly optimal performance in all tested traffic load situations.

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