scholarly journals RATIONAL USE OF ELEMENTAL POTENTIAL OF COALS OF PAVLOVSKY DEPOSIT (PRIMORYE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 95-107
Author(s):  
A.V. Podgaetskii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Coal Deposit ◽  
Integrated Development ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Gravimetry ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
Useful Components ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Phase And Elemental Compositions

X-ray diffractometry, X-ray fluorescence and ICP-MS spectrometry were used to study the phase and elemental compositions of the energetic coals of the Pavlovsky brown coal deposit and their ash-forming compounds. The results of spectral analysis methods are supplemented with data of thermal gravimetry, elemental analysis of OM and scanning electron microscopy. The metal-bearing potential of the coal energy coals and the prospects for the associated extraction of useful components have been estimated. A set of analytical methods is proposed for the rapid assessment of the content of valuable and significant elements in solid fossil fuels for the purpose of integrated development of coal deposits.

Zone-axis ALCHEMI for the rapid assessment of site occupancies in garnets

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 706-707
Author(s):  
M.T. Otten ◽  
P.R. Buseck
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Site Occupancy ◽  
Zone Axis ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Crystallographic Planes

ALCHEMI (Atom Location by CHannelling-Enhanced Microanalysis) is a TEM technique for determining site occupancies in single crystals. The method uses the channelling of incident electrons along specific crystallographic planes. This channelling results in enhanced x-ray emission from the atoms on those planes, thereby providing the required site-occupancy information. ALCHEMI has been applied with success to spinel, olivine and feldspar. For the garnets, which form a large group of important minerals and synthetic compounds, the channelling effect is weaker, and significant results are more difficult to obtain. It was found, however, that the channelling effect is pronounced for low-index zone-axis orientations, yielding a method for assessing site occupancies that is rapid and easy to perform.

Hingganite-(Nd), Nd2□Be2Si2O8(OH)2, a new gadolinite-supergroup mineral from Zagi Mountain, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-562
Author(s):  
Anatoly V. Kasatkin ◽  
Fabrizio Nestola ◽  
Radek Škoda ◽  
Nikita V. Chukanov ◽  
Atali A. Agakhanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Mineral ◽  
Monoclinic Space Group ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Average Chemical Composition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Conchoidal Fracture ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Optical Axes ◽  
Mohs Hardness ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province

ABSTRACT Hingganite-(Nd), ideally Nd2□Be2Si2O8(OH)2, is a new gadolinite group, gadolinite supergroup mineral discovered at Zagi Mountain, near Kafoor Dheri, about 4 km S of Warsak and 30 km NW of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. The new mineral forms zones measuring up to 1 × 1 mm2 in loose prismatic crystals up to 0.7 cm long, where it is intergrown with hingganite-(Y). Other associated minerals include aegirine, microcline, fergusonite-(Y), and zircon. Hingganite-(Nd) is dark greenish-brown, transparent, has vitreous luster and a white streak. It is brittle and has a conchoidal fracture. No cleavage or parting are observed. Mohs hardness is 5½–6. Dcalc. = 4.690 g/cm3. Hingganite-(Nd) is non-pleochroic, optically biaxial (+), α = 1.746(5), β = 1.766(5), γ = 1.792(6) (589 nm). 2Vmeas. = 80(7)°; 2Vcalc. = 84°. Dispersion of optical axes was not observed. The average chemical composition of hingganite-(Nd) is as follows (wt.%; electron microprobe, BeO, B2O3, and Lu2O3 content measured by LA-ICP-MS; H2O calculated by stoichiometry): BeO 9.64, CaO 0.45, MnO 0.10, FeO 3.03, B2O3 0.42, Y2O3 8.75, La2O3 1.63, Ce2O3 12.89, Pr2O3 3.09, Nd2O3 16.90, Sm2O3 5.97, Eu2O3 1.08, Gd2O3 5.15, Tb2O3 0.50, Dy2O3 2.50, Ho2O3 0.33, Er2O3 0.84, Tm2O3 0.10, Yb2O3 0.44, Lu2O3 0.04, ThO2 0.13, SiO2 23.55, H2O 2.72, total 100.25. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of 2 Si apfu is (Nd0.513Ce0.401Y0.395Sm0.175Gd0.145Pr0.096Dy0.068La0.051Ca0.041Eu0.031Er0.022Tb0.014Yb0.011Ho0.009Tm0.003Th0.003Lu0.001)Σ1.979(□0.778Fe2+0.215Mn0.007)Σ1.000(Be1.967B0.062)Σ2.029Si2O8.46(OH)1.54. Hingganite-(Nd) is monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 4.77193(15), b = 7.6422(2), c = 9.9299(2) Å, β = 89.851(2)°, V = 362.123(14) Å3, and Z = 2. The strongest lines of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d, Å (I, %) (hkl)] are: 6.105 (95) (011), 4.959 (56) (002), 4.773 (100) (100), 3.462 (58) (102), 3.122 , 3.028 (61) (013), 2.864 (87) (121), 2.573 (89) (113). The crystal structure of hingganite-(Nd) was refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data to R = 0.034 for 2007 unique reflections with I > 2σ(I). The new mineral is named as an analogue of hingganite-(Y), hingganite-(Yb), and hingganite-(Ce), but with Nd dominant among the rare earth elements.

Difference thermal analysis of crystalline solids by the use of energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction

1983 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Eisenreich ◽  
W. Engel
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Kinetic Evaluation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Gravimetry ◽  
Fully Automatic ◽  
High Or Low Temperature

A method is described to study the structural behavior of solids subjected to various temperature programs. The instrumentation consists of a high- or low-temperature device, a temperature programmer, a system for energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction and a data processing and storing unit and allows the fully automatic acquisition of series of spectra. A strong data reduction is performed by summing up difference diagrams. Plotting the resulting values versus temperature yields curves comparable to those obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) or thermal gravimetry (TG). A kinetic evaluation as used in the case of DSC or TG curves is possible. The method was applied to study the thermal behavior of a mixture of ammonium nitrate with zinc oxide. The curves indicate the strong anisotropic thermal expansion of the ammonium nitrate phase IV below 323 K, its transition to phase II at 325–329 K and the solid-state reaction with zinc oxide within the temperature interval of 353–383 K.

scholarly journals Analisis Batubara Jenis Antrasit di PTBA Berdasarkan Kandungan Volatile Matter dan Kalori

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Yohanes W.M Purba ◽  
◽  
Pulung Karo Karo ◽  
Ediman Ginting ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Coal Deposit ◽  
Black Coal ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Organic Sediment ◽  
Observation Results

This research Coal is one of the sedimentary fossil fuels that can ignite, is formed from organic sediment, and the remains of plants are then formed through the process of coalification. The main element consists of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The formation of coal has certain conditions and only occurs in certain eras throughout geological history. The carbon age was approximately 340 million years ago. In the Permian Age or the Paleozoic era, 270 million also formed the most productive coal which is almost the entire coal deposit (black coal) in other parts of the earth. In this study we conducted at the Laboratory of PT. Bukit Asam tbk. Observation Results in the Study of Average Volatile Matter 19.11, Max Volatile Matter value 38.34, Min Vollatie Matter value 11.34. And the Average Calorie Result of 7578.5 Kacl / Kg, Max Calorie Value of 8046 Kcal / Kg. In this study, it was proved that coal samples were Anthracite types.

scholarly journals GOLD PROVENANCE AND CHARACTERIZATION USING MICRO X-RAY FLUORESCENCE (µXRF): PRELIMINARY RESULTS/ PROVENIÊNCIA E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE OURO COM MICRO FLUORESCÊNCIA DE RAIOS X (μXRF): RESULTADOS PRELIMINARES

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-165
Author(s):  
William Murussi Canto ◽  
Hamilton Santos Gama Filho ◽  
Marcelino José dos Anjos ◽  
Armando Dias Tavares Jr. ◽  
Mauro César Geraldes
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Pure Gold ◽  
Noninvasive Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Made In ◽  
Gold Digging

This work presents some preliminary results that allows to characterize gold samples using Micro X-Ray Fluorescence/µXRF. The first aim of this work is to apply a noninvasive technique, preserving the sample integrity, in order to identify the composition of gold samples and to recognize their possible geographical provenance. Samples have been obtained in geographically distinct gold-digging sites, in three Brazilian and one Colombian areas. These samples were processed only by fusion into a furnace at 1,200 ºC. The proportion of Au, Ag and Cu were measured in gold samples. The results of this work, allowed to characterize and to identify quite well the pure gold provenance, using µXRF instrumentation and related techniques. Further work is in progress to determine the behavior of mixed gold samples from different provenances. Besides that, measurements with different sample preparation will be made, in order to compare the results obtained in this work with those obtained by LA-ICP-MS techniques. ResumoEste trabalho apresenta resultados preliminares que permitem caracterizar amostras de ouro utilizando a Micro Fluorescência de Raios-X/ µXRF. O primeiro objetivo deste trabalho é aplicar uma técnica não invasiva, preservando a integridade da amostra, para identificar a composição de amostras de ouro e reconhecer a sua possível proveniência geográfica. As amostras foram obtidas em locais de exploração de ouro geograficamente distintos, em três áreas brasileiras e uma colombiana. Estas amostras foram sugeitas a fusão a 1.200 ºC, num forno. A proporção de Au, Ag e Cu foi medida em amostras de ouro. Os resultados deste trabalho permitiram caracterizar e claramente identificar a proveniência de ouro puro, utilizando resultados de µXRF. Estão em andamento outros trabalhos para determinar o comportamento da mistura de amostras de ouro de diferentes procedências. Além disso, serão efetuadas medições com diferentes preparações de amostras, a fim de comparar os resultados obtidos neste trabalho com os que estão sendo aquiridos com técnicas de LA-ICP-MS.

scholarly journals Photoluminescence properties of ZrO2:Gd3+, ZrO2:Gd3+ – Dy3+ and ZrO2:Gd3+ – Yb3+ phosphors by Pechini method

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-161
Author(s):  
Esra Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Optical Materials ◽  
Pechini Method ◽  
Photoluminescence Properties ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Lifetime Measurements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Gravimetry ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractZr0.99Gd0.01O2, Zr0.98Gd0.01Dy0.01O2 and Zr0.98Gd0.01Yb0.1O2 phosphors were synthesized by Pechini method at 1200 °C for 12 h in air. The phosphors were characterized by using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis/thermal gravimetry (DTA/TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence spectrofluorometer (PL). X-ray powder diffraction studies showed that the phosphors were crystallized as monoclinic and tetragonal multiphases. The particle size of the phosphors after heat treatment at 1200 °C was found to be of 200 nm to 250 nm. Luminescence studies on these phosphors have been carried out on the emission and excitation, along with lifetime measurements. The results of emission analysis indicate that the phosphors are expected to find potential applications as new optical materials.

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