scholarly journals Valuation of soil nutrients cost in Ukraine

2013 ◽  
pp. 286-294
Author(s):  
Iryna Plisko
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Major Nutrients ◽  
Key Words Evaluation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Soil Climate

The calculation of the cost of major nutrients available forms in soils of Ukraine using the I. Karmanov technique is performed. For calculations a sampling from the extensive database of soil, climate and map information in laboratory of soil geoekophysics of NSC “ISSAR named after O. N. Sokolovsky” is used. Evaluation by class value of major soil nutrients of Ukraine is done. Key words: evaluation, cost, nutrients, database.

scholarly journals Cost of pruning Douglas-fir in coastal British Columbia

1994 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
S. A. Y. Omule ◽  
D. E. Paul ◽  
L. M. Darling
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Time Study ◽  
Average Spacing ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

Artificial pruning can increase the quantity of high-value clear lumber harvested from Douglas-fir, but the pruning cost per tree is relatively high. To prune a young Douglas-fir to 6 metres in one lift and two lifts took, respectively, 9.5 and 10.1 minutes in 14- and 18-year old stands with average spacing between trees of about 3 metres on flat or 0-30% south-facing slopes in coastal British Columbia. The associated costs were $2.09 and $2.22. This included minor travel time between trees, but excluded the cost of travelling to the site, selecting and marking trees to be pruned, and purchasing and maintaining the pruning equipment. Differences in pruning time between one-lift pruning and two-lift pruning, in one or two passes, were small. A D-handled saw was preferred to the more strenuous snap-cut pruner with ratchet-style pinions, based on observations on a pruning time-study of 5 operators. Key words: pruning saw, snap-cut pruner, pruning time, one-lift pruning, two-lift pruning

scholarly journals Avaliação da escrita em jovens e adultos

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (222) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Caliatto ◽  
Selma de Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
São Paulo State ◽  
Key Words Evaluation ◽  
3Rd Grade

O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de analisar a escrita ortográfica em atividade de ditado e de reescrita de uma lenda. Participaram 57 alunos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) da rede municipal de uma cidade do interior de São Paulo, sendo que 27 (47,37%) cursavam a terceira série do ensino fundamental e 30 (52,63%) cursavam a quarta série. A análise dos resultados foi possível a partir da categorização e da análise comparativa dos erros apresentados nas atividades. Os resultados indicaram que as principais dificuldades de escrita se relacionam ao apoio na oralidade, mais especificamente quando se trata de palavras que empregam sílabas compostas, dígrafos e letras que representam vários sons. Na escrita de frases e textos, destaca- se a dificuldade de segmentar as palavras. Os tipos de erros mais freqüentes foram semelhantes nas duas atividades de escrita propostas. Palavras - chave: avaliação; escrita; ortografia; Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Abstract The object of the present work was to analyze the spelling in dictation activities and rewriting of a folk lore tale. The participants were 57 students from the program of Education of Young and Adults ( EJA) from a city situated in the interior of Sao Paulo state –Brazil, being 27 (47.37%) in 3rd grade primary school and 30 (52.63%) in the 4th grade. The analysis of the results was possible through the categorization and comparative analysis of the mistakes shown in the activities. The results showed that the difficulties regarding writing are most related to the support in oral speech mainly when it comes to compound- syllable words, digraphs and letters that can represent several sounds. When it comes to writing, phrases and texts, the difficulty to segment the words are pointed out. The most frequent kinds of mistakes were the same in the two writing activities given. Key words: Evaluation; Writing; Spelling; The Young and Adults.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERHITUNGAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI TEH SEDAP WANGI MENGGUNAKAN METODE HARGA POKOK PROSES PADA PT. SARIWANGI A.E.A

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nur Afif ◽  
Dera Rahayu Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Average Method ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Weighted Average Method ◽  
Process Cost ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Process Method

This research aims to determine production cost of Sedap Wangi tea using by cost method at PT. Sariwangi A.E.A. TheCalculation of cost production using by cost method process is collected in a production department. Cost method process used weighted average method. Methods and tools of the data collection by interview and collection of data obtained directly from the company, and the result of this research calculation the cost production by using cost method process Produce cost of production is same with the calculation by the company, so it can be said that the calculation of cost production at PT. Sariwangi A.E.A complies done. Calculation of the cost production is influenced by the product is lost in the process and load of cost. Cost of the highest production at PT. Sariwangi A.E.A contained in quartile 4 the period October-Decemberbecause in that period decreased production yield and many products lost in the process. Cost of production in the quartile 4 of Rp 54.742. Lowest Cost of production happen in quartile 2 period April-june, because the result of increased production in the period and not a lot of product is lost in the process. Cost of production in the quartile 2 of Rp 48.004.Key words : Cost of Production, Cost of Process Method

A Genetic Algorithm for Solving Single Level Lot–Sizing Problems

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasaruddin Zenon ◽  
Ab. Rahman Ahmad ◽  
Rosmah Ali
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Local Minimum ◽  
Global Minimum ◽  
Lot Sizing ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Single Level ◽  
Lot Sizing Problem ◽  
The Cost

Masalah pensaizan lot satu aras timbul apabila suatu syarikat pengeluar ingin menjanakan perancangan pengeluaran terperinci bagi produk berpandukan suatu perancangan agregat. Walaupun masalah ini telah dikaji dengan meluas, hanya pendekatan pengaturcaraan dinamik dapat menjamin penyelesaian yang minimum secara global. Maka heuristik-heuristik stokastik yang mampu melepasi minimum tempatan adalah diperlukan. Kajian ini mencadangkan kaedah algoritma genetik untuk menyelesaikan masalah-masalah pensaizan lot satu aras, serta membincangkan beberapa contoh aplikasi kaedah tersebut. Dalam pelaksanaan kaedah ini, heuristik penjanaan populasi pensaizan lot yang dapat menjanakan populasi awal digunakan untuk menyediakan kromosom. Kromosom ini digunakan sebagai input untuk algoritma genetik dengan operator-operator yang khusus bagi masalah pensaizan lot. Gabungan heuristik penjanaan populasi dengan algoritma genetik menghasilkan penumpuan yang lebih pantas dalam proses mendapatkan skim pensaizan lot yang optimum disebabkan oleh ketersauran populasi awal yang digunakan. Kata kunci: ALgorithm Genetik; Pensaizan lot The single level lot-sizing problem arises whenever a manufacturing company wishes to translate an aggregate plan for production of an end item into a detailed planning of its production. Although the cost driven problem is widely studied in the literature, only laborious dynamic programming approaches are known to guarantee global minimum. Thus, stochastically-based heuristics that have the mechanism to escape from local minimum are needed. In this paper a genetic algorithm for solving single level lot-sizing problems is proposed and the results of applying the algorithm to example problems are discussed. In our implementation, a lot-sizing population-generating heuristic is used to feed chromosomes to a genetic algorithm with operators specially designed for lot-sizing problems. The combination of the population-generating heuristic with genetic algorithm results in a faster convergence in finding the optimal lot-sizing scheme due to the guaranteed feasibility of the initial population. Key words: Genetic Algorithm; Lot-sizing

scholarly journals Impact of Agricultural Credit on MV Boro Rice Cultivation in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Kabir Miah ◽  
AKM Ashraful Alam ◽  
AHMA Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Utilization Pattern ◽  
Grameen Bank ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Boro Rice

An investigation was conducted at Mithapukur and Razarhat upazila under Rangpur and Kurigram districts, respectively to know the requirements, utilization pattern and repayment system of credit and its effect on modern rice cultivation. A total number of 120 rice growers who obtained credit from Rajshahi Krishi Unnayan Bank (RKUB) and Grameen Bank (GB) were interviewed. Another 60 farmers who did not take credit from other sources were also studied. The findings disclosed that the client farmers of RKUB and GB used about 78 and 72 percent credit, respectively for Boro rice production and the rest was used for consumption purpose. The cost of credit of RKUB and GB was Tk. 463 and Tk. 20, respectively. The RKUB farmers had to pay Tk. 252 as entertainment cost. The GB credit users borne 1.13 times higher production cost compared to RKUB users for Boro rice cultivation. Loan users achieved 1.21 times higher rice yield compared to loan non-users. The analysis of resources use efficiency revealed that both credit users and non-users rice growers had failed to use inputs efficiently, either the production inputs were overused or underused. Unavailability of credit and weekly instalment system of repaying loan were the main constraints faced by 38 percent RKUB and 53 percent GB credit users. Small farmers were found to avoid cumbersome procedure of obtaining loan from the institutional sources and they felt better to borrow loan from NGOs. Key words: RKUB, GB, MV Boro rice, credit and farmers.

INCIDENCE OF SUBCLINICAL AND CLINICAL MASTITIS IN PURELINE AND CROSSLINE DAIRY CATTLE

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. BATRA ◽  
A. J. McALLISTER
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cost Of Drugs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Mixed Model Methodology

Bi-monthly California Mastitis Tests (CMT) scores and the number of cases of clinical mastitis in 758 lactations of the Holstein-based H line, 376 lactations of the Ayrshire-based A line and 409 lactations of their reciprocal crossbreds housed under intensive management were studied to examine effects of sire line, dam line and sire line by dam line interaction using mixed model methodology. The incidence of subclinical mastitis as judged by CMT score, number of cases of clinical mastitis during the lactation, proportion of cows showing clinical mastitis at least once during the lactation and the cost of drugs for the treatment of clinical mastitis were lower in the crossline cows than pureline cows. The heterosis for these traits ranged from 2.5 to 7.8%. Sire line effect was significant for CMT score, cost of drugs for clinical mastitis and most of the traits measuring clinical mastitis. Dam line effect was small and nonsignificant for most of the traits studied. Significant sire line and dam line interaction was found for number of clinical cases in right front and proportion infected in right front and left hindquarters. Pathogenic organisms were isolated from 10.4, 34.2, 56.3, 77.7, and 84.8% of the composite milk samples, showing a CMT score of negative, trace, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Staphylococcus was the most frequently isolated organism from the composite milk samples. Key words: Subclinical, clinical, mastitis, dairy cattle

scholarly journals THE POSSIBILITY OF USING NANOFERTILIZERS TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY AND RAISE THE EFFICIENCY OF VEGETABLE CROPS PRODUCTIVITY AND REDUCE THE DAMAGE OF BIOLOGICAL STRESSES (Review Article)

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Major Nutrients ◽  
Global Statistics ◽  
The Cost

Several methods were used to increase productivity and improve the quality of the product for vegetable crops and prolong their presence in the markets, including the treatment of various vegetable crops with industrial growth regulators and mineral fertilizers, whether fertilizers containing in their composition contain micronutrients or major nutrients. Global statistics have shown in many studies that there are large numbers of people in the world whose number exceeds 3 billion peoples who suffer from undernutrition, especially the shortage of micronutrients, as this problem can be overcome by adding fertilizers containing these elements to agricultural production fields in different ways, but the use of these chemical fertilizers may have negative harmful effects on the environment and public health in addition to the high prices, which constitute an economic burden on farms, so the researchers moved not long ago to adopt the idea of using nanofertilizers to raise production efficiency and reduce the harm of biological stresses reduce the cost of production processes as well as it is the safest food source compared to chemical fertilizers in vegetable crops, which have been used and utilized in many scientific fields in many countries of the world.

scholarly journals ANALISIS HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI DAN HARGA POKOK PENJUALAN JAGUNG DI KECAMATAN SEKAMPUNG UDIK KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TIMUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Fitri Solekhah ◽  
Wan Abbas Zakaria ◽  
Lina Marlina
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Profit Margin ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Average Price ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Seed Corn ◽  
The Cost ◽  
One Way Anova

This research is to find out determining production cost and selling cost of corn and the affect use of various kinds of seed corn in the determining production cost.  The research was conducted in July - August and used a survey method in Sidorejo Village, Sekampung Udik Subdistrict, East Lampung Regency. The samples of this research are 52 corn farmers selected randomly.  Analysis of data is conducted using the determining production cost, determining selling cost, and one way Anova.  Analysis of the cost of goods production used the margin profit of 15 percent. The results showed determining that production cost is Rp1,383.00/kg for Bisi-18, Rp1,379.28/kg for NK-33, Rp1,448.77/kg for Pioneer-27, and Rp1,359.52/kg for DK-95.  Determining selling cost with profit margin 15% for Bisi-18 is Rp1,590.45/kg, Rp1,586.18/kg for NK-33, Rp1,666.09/kg for Pioneer-27, and Rp1,560.00/kg for DK-95. The average price received by the farmers as much as Rp1,741.04/kg, It means that farmers have benefit from technicial efficiency of corn farming. The use of various kinds of seeds does not affect determining production cost. Key words: determining production cost, determining selling cost, technicial efficiency of corn

Riflessivitŕ, apprendimento e valutazione

2009 ◽  
pp. 57-68
Author(s):  
Serafina Pastore
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Intentional Learning ◽  
Educational Training ◽  
Internal Process ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Reflective Evaluation ◽  
Key Words Evaluation

- Nowadays reflexivity is the central dynamics of intentional learning. Indeed, it is one of the most relevant theoretical and methodological devices of contemporary educational training which focuses on the professional's subjectivity and ability to convey meaning to certain events and experiences. As a consequence, what emerge are introspective training practices, memory recurrences, auto-analysis of experience protocols, hermeneutics exercises. Blending with reflection, evaluation becomes an internal process of "monitoring" carried out by the learning subject throughout his/her training pathway. In this sense, reflection may stimulate a new awareness which increases the learner's wish to change, evolve, re-plan, develop and expand. During reflective evaluation, the subject explores and observes himself/herself and evaluates the quality and the quantity of the changes in which he/she is involved.Key words: evaluation, learning, reflexivity

Selection of design flood frequencies for hydraulic structures

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 582-586
Author(s):  
C. D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Hydraulic Structure ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Design Flood ◽  
The Past ◽  
Design Discharge ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

The first step required in the design sequence for a hydraulic structure is selection of the design discharge. The size and cost of the structure will be directly related to the magnitude of this value. If the selected discharge is too large, the structure will be uneconomic; if it is too small, it will be unsafe. The optimum design corresponds to the point where the cost of the structure and the cost of exceeding the design discharge is a minimum. Ideally, the optimizing process should be carried out for each structure. For practical reasons it is not always possible to do this. In such cases, design flood frequencies are used which have apparently been satisfactory for similar structures in the past. Some typical flood frequency values for various structures are given in this paper, along with the rationale for differences in values for different kinds of structures. Key words: design floods, frequency, economics, hydraulic structures.

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